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Chambonniere C, Lambert C, Tardieu M, Fillon A, Genin P, Larras B, Melsens P, Baker JS, Pereira B, Tremblay A, Thivel D, Duclos M. Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior of Elderly Populations during Confinement: Results from the FRENCH COVID-19 ONAPS Survey. Exp Aging Res 2021; 47:401-413. [PMID: 33827390 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2021.1908750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: A national confinement was imposed in France in March 2020 during 55 days to prevent the spread of the virus and protect vulnerable people such as older individuals. This study aimed to describe the movement behaviors, and their determinants, of elderly people (≥ 65 years) during the confinement.Methods: An online survey was conducted from April 1st, 2020 to May 6th, 2020 by the National Observatory for Physical Activity and Sedentary behaviors. This study compared the level of physical activity (PA), sitting and screen time before and during the confinement and identified the impact of initial PA, sedentary profiles of the participants and housing conditions.Results: 1,178 people were included in this study. Reaching PA recommendations before lock-down was associated with the change in PA level during lock-down (p < .001). Besides, geographic location was associated with the change in PA, sitting time and screen time during lock-down (respectively p = .03, p = .02, p = .02).Conclusion: This study confirm the negative impact of confinement on senior movement behaviors, whether or not they met with public health recommendations prior to the pandemic. The housing conditions of older people must be also taken into future public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chambonniere
- Clermont Auvergne University, EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Inrae, Umr Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C Lambert
- National Observatory for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors (ONAPS), Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Biostatistics Unit (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Tardieu
- National Observatory for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors (ONAPS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - A Fillon
- National Observatory for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors (ONAPS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - P Genin
- National Observatory for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors (ONAPS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - B Larras
- National Observatory for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors (ONAPS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - P Melsens
- National Observatory for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors (ONAPS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J S Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - B Pereira
- National Observatory for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors (ONAPS), Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Biostatistics Unit (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - A Tremblay
- National Observatory for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors (ONAPS), Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Laval, Quebec City. Canada
| | - D Thivel
- Clermont Auvergne University, EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,National Observatory for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors (ONAPS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Duclos
- Inrae, Umr Clermont-Ferrand, France.,National Observatory for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors (ONAPS), Clermont-Ferrand, France.,University Clermont 1, UFR Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, G. Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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2
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Klingler S, Marchal F, Rauch P, Kenouchi O, Chrétien AS, Genin P, Leroux A, Merlin JL. Using one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) for intraoperative detection of lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients avoids second surgery and accelerates initiation of adjuvant therapy. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:2305-9. [PMID: 23661291 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sentinel lymph node (SLN) analysis is conventionally analyzed using immunohistochemistry and in the case of SLN involvement, justifies a second surgery for axillary lymph node (ALN) resection, thus delaying the initiation of adjuvant therapies. PATIENTS AND METHODS Three hundred and eighty-one patients with early stage breast cancer (BC) were considered in this retrospective study. SLNs were detected using combined radioisotope and dye detection. SLN involvement was analyzed using routine intraoperative One-Step Nucleic Acid Amplification (OSNA) assay, in 100 patients and compared with the conventional histopathology carried out previously in 281 patients. RESULTS Considering positive SLNs as '++' (CK19 mRNA copy number>5000), '+' (250 < CK19 mRNA copy number <5000) and positive by inhibition in the OSNA group and macro-, micrometastases and isolated tumor cells in the histopathology group, no difference in SLN involvement rate was found between the two groups with 29.0% and 29.9% of positive SLNs, respectively. Using OSNA intraoperatively, the mean time to process the SLN was 42 min allowing immediate ALN resection, reduced significantly (P < 0.01) the re-intervention rate (9% versus 39%) and significantly (P < 0.01) accelerated the initiation of adjuvant therapy (6.2 versus 8.4 weeks). CONCLUSIONS Using OSNA for intraoperative SLN analysis avoids second surgery for ALN resection in most patients and accelerates initiation of adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Klingler
- Department of Biopathology, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Avenue de Bourgogne, CS 30519, 54519 Vandoeuvre les Nancy Cedex, France
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3
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Chrétien A, Rouyer M, Husson M, Ramacci C, Genin P, Leroux A, Merlin J. Optimization of routine KRAS genotyping procedure for rational selection of first-line targeted therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e14008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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4
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Chretien A, Chergui F, Bastogne T, Bouali S, Ramacci C, Rouyer M, Genin P, Leroux A, Merlin J. Validation of phosphoprotein array assay for determination of human epidermal growth factor receptors downstream signalling phosphoproteins in breast carcinoma. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)71545-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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5
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Caly M, Genin P, Ghuzlan A A, Elie C, Fréneaux P, Klijanienko J, Rosty C, Sigal-Zafrani B, Vincent-Salomon A, Douggaz A, Zidane M, Sastre-Garau X. Analysis of correlation between mitotic index, MIB1 score and S-phase fraction as proliferation markers in invasive breast carcinoma. Methodological aspects and prognostic value in a series of 257 cases. Anticancer Res 2004; 24:3283-8. [PMID: 15510624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study was designed in order to evaluate the degree of correlation of mitotic index (MI), Ki67 (MIB1) score and S-phase fraction (SPF) as markers of cell proliferation and prognosis in breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The series analysed corresponded to 257 consecutive invasive breast carcinoma, treated at the Institut Curie, France, in 1995. Nottingham histological grade and MIB1 semiquantitative and quantitative score were assessed on histological sections, whereas SPF was calculated using flow cytometry analysis of fine-needle aspiration products. Proliferation indices were compared to pathological data and to overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) (minimum follow-up: 72 months). RESULTS The median values for the proliferation markers were 9/10 HPF for MI, 32.4% for MIB1 and 3.7% for SPF. A high rate of correlation (r=0.96; p<0.001) was observed between semi-quantitative and quantitative MIBI evaluation. A positive correlation was found between the three markers (r ranging from 0.54 to 0.61;p<0.001). Univariate analysis of markers associated to disease outcome showed that MIB1, axillary node status (N) and progesterone receptor (PR) status were significantly associated with OS and that MIB1 and SPF were associated with DFS, together with node and hormone receptor status. In multivariate analysis, when proliferation markers were adjusted on the N and PR status, only MIB1 retained a prognostic value for OS (RR= 1.83) [1.00;3.35] and SPF for DFS (RR= 1.58) [1.02-2.44] (p=0.04). CONCLUSION A good level of correlation was observed between the values of the three markers of tumour cell proliferation analysed. In this series of invasive breast cancers, MIB1 immunostaining was found to be a prognostic marker of both OS and DFS. The median (32.4%) was a valuable cut-off value for prognostic assessment. Semi-quantitative and quantitative evaluations provided very similar values. MIB1 can thus be considered as a reliable prognostic maker, usable in small size tissue specimens which are inappropriate for MI or SPF analysis. The impact of MIB1 compared to that of the other proliferative markers will be further assessed in a subgroup of T1N0M0 for which the prognostic assessment is of major interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Caly
- Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
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6
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Sastre-Garau X, Genin P, Rousseau A, Al Ghuzlan A, Nicolas A, Fréneaux P, Rosty C, Sigal-Zafrani B, Couturier J, Thiery JP, Magdelénat H, Vincent-Salomon A. Increased cell size and Akt activation in HER-2/neu-overexpressing invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Histopathology 2004; 45:142-7. [PMID: 15279632 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2004.01899.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine whether cell size is related to HER-2/neu status and/or to Akt activation in breast carcinomas. HER-2/neu overexpression is observed in 20-30% of invasive breast carcinomas with poor pronostic features, but little is known about the cell phenotype associated with HER-2/neu activation. Akt has been found to be involved in the HER-2/neu signal transduction pathway and Akt activation has been associated with increased cell size in various models. METHODS AND RESULTS A case-control study of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast was carried out, including 21 cases displaying HER-2/neu overexpression and 20 HER-2/neu negative controls. Cytoplasmic and nuclear sizes were measured on digitized histological pictures using cell image analysis software. Akt expression analysis was performed by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed histological sections using an anti-phosphorylated-Akt (Ser473) antibody. RESULTS HER-2/neu-overexpressing carcinomas had a mean nuclear size of 75 +/- 22.2 micro m(2) and a mean cytoplasmic size of 187 +/- 52.3 micro m(2). Both values were higher than the nuclear and cytoplasmic size of HER-2/neu-negative cases (nucleus = 58 +/- 24.5 micro m(2), cytoplasm = 133 +/- 56.6 micro m(2); P = 0.02 and P =0.003, respectively). Up to 75% of the tumours with a cell size over 140 micro m(2) were HER-2/neu-positive. Immunohistochemical Akt expression was observed in 19/40 (47.5%) cases. The immunoreactivity was localized in the cytoplasm in eight cases, on the cell membrane in four cases and at both sites in seven cases. One case was not interpretable. Comparison between HER-2/neu and Akt status showed that Akt was detectable at the cell membrane in 43% (9/21) of HER-2/neu-positive and in 10% (2/19) of HER-2/neu-negative cases (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS HER-2/neu overexpression was consistently associated with increased cell size in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. This increase may be related to concomitant Akt activation. The assessment of activated pathways in HER-2/neu-overexpressing breast carcinomas may provide useful information for optimized individual HER-2/neu-targeted therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cell Membrane/pathology
- Cell Nucleus
- Cell Size
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Female
- Humans
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- X Sastre-Garau
- Department of Pathology, CNRS UMR144, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
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7
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Ferlicot S, Vincent-Salomon A, Médioni J, Genin P, Rosty C, Sigal-Zafrani B, Fréneaux P, Jouve M, Thiery JP, Sastre-Garau X. Wide metastatic spreading in infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast. Eur J Cancer 2004; 40:336-41. [PMID: 14746850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2003.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether the metastatic potential of breast cancer could be related to phenotypic characteristics of the tumour. Therefore, we compared the metastatic patterns of invasive lobular (ILC) and ductal (IDC) carcinomas. In ILC, we also analysed this pattern according to the histological subtype of the primary and the E-cadherin (EC) expression level. Metastatic ILC cases (n=96) were retrospectively analysed and classified into classical, alveolar, solid, tubulo-lobular, signet ring cells or pleomorphic subtypes. Anatomical distribution of metastases was detailed for every patient and compared with that registered for IDC (n=2749). Immunostaining of EC (HECD1 antibody) was performed in 82 cases. Histologically, 78 of the 96 cases (81%) corresponded to classical ILC. The pleomorphic subtype was observed in 14 cases (15%), a rate that was higher than that expected. Others corresponded to alveolar (2 cases), signet ring cell (1 case) and solid (1 case) subtypes. EC was undetectable in 72/82 cases (88%). The rate of multiple metastases was higher in ILC (25.0%) than in IDC (15.8%) (P=0.016). Metastases were found more frequently in ILC than in IDC in the bone (P=0.02) and/or in various other sites (peritoneum, ovary, digestive tract, skin em leader ) (P<0.001). In ILC, no significant link was found between the localisation(s) of metastases, the histological subtype and the EC status in the primary. In conclusion, in breast carcinomas, the frequency of multiple metastasis was found to be higher in ILC than IDC. This fact may be related to the phenotypic trait of discohesive small cells which characterises ILC. EC loss, observed in most cases of ILC, may result in alterations in cell-cell adhesion and a preferential growth at metastatic sites. A high rate of pleomorphic tumours was observed in the group of metastatic ILC, but the pattern of metastatic site(s) was not related to the histological subtype of the primary.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ferlicot
- Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75231 Cedex, Paris, France
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8
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Lin R, Genin P, Mamane Y, Sgarbanti M, Battistini A, Harrington WJ, Barber GN, Hiscott J. HHV-8 encoded vIRF-1 represses the interferon antiviral response by blocking IRF-3 recruitment of the CBP/p300 coactivators. Oncogene 2001; 20:800-11. [PMID: 11314014 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2000] [Revised: 11/29/2000] [Accepted: 12/07/2000] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) has developed unique mechanisms for altering cellular proliferative and apoptotic control pathways by incorporating viral homologs to several cellular regulatory genes into its genome. One of the important pirated genes encoded by the ORF K9 reading frame is a viral homolog of the interferon regulatory factors (IRF), a family of cellular transcription proteins that regulates expression of genes involved in pathogen response, immune modulation and cell proliferation. vIRF-1 has been shown to downregulate the interferon- and IRF-mediated transcriptional activation of ISG and murine IFNA4 gene promoters. In this study we demonstrate that vIRF-1 efficiently inhibited virus-induced expression of endogenous interferon B, CC chemokine RANTES and CXC chemokine IP-10 genes. Co-expression analysis revealed that vIRF-1 selectively blocked IRF-3 but not IRF-7-mediated transactivation. vIRF-1 was able to bind to both IRF-3 and IRF-7 in vivo as detected by coimmunoprecipitation analysis, but did not affect IRF-3 dimerization, nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity. Rather, vIRF-1 interacted with the CBP/p300 coactivators and efficiently inhibited the formation of transcriptionally competent IRF-3-CBP/p300 complexes. These results illustrate that vIRF-1 is able to block the early stages of the IFN response to virus infection by interfering with the activation of IRF-3 responsive, immediate early IFN genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lin
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3T IE2, Canada
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9
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Brancart A, Lejuste P, Devreux D, Genin P. Interdisciplinary treatment of a Class II deep-bite patient with missing and impacted teeth. J Clin Orthod 1999; 33:347-51. [PMID: 10535019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Brancart
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, St. Elizabeth Hospital, Namur, Belgium
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10
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Lin R, Heylbroeck C, Genin P, Pitha PM, Hiscott J. Essential role of interferon regulatory factor 3 in direct activation of RANTES chemokine transcription. Mol Cell Biol 1999; 19:959-66. [PMID: 9891032 PMCID: PMC116027 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.19.2.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Localized and systemic cytokine production in virus-infected cells play an important role in the outcome of viral infection and pathogenicity. Activation of the interferon regulatory factors (IRF) in turn is a critical mediator of cytokine gene transcription. Recent studies have focused on the 55-kDa IRF-3 gene product as a direct transcriptional regulator of type 1 interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) activation in response to virus infection. Virus infection induces phosphorylation of IRF-3 on specific C-terminal serine residues and permits cytoplasmic-to-nuclear translocation of IRF-3, activation of DNA binding and transactivation potential, and association with the CBP/p300 coactivator. We previously generated constitutively active [IRF-3(5D)] and dominant-negative forms of IRF-3 that control IFN-beta and IFN-alpha gene expression. In an effort to characterize the range of immunoregulatory genes controlled by IRF-3, we now demonstrate that endogenous human RANTES gene transcription is directly induced in tetracycline-inducible IRF-3(5D)-expressing cells or paramyxovirus-infected cells. We also show that a dominant-negative IRF-3 mutant inhibits virus-induced expression of the RANTES promoter. Specific mutagenesis of overlapping ISRE-like sites located between nucleotides -123 and -96 in the RANTES promoter reduces virus-induced and IRF-3-dependent activation. These studies broaden the range of IRF-3 immunoregulatory target genes to include at least one member of the chemokine superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lin
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3T 1E2
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11
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Hiscott J, Pitha P, Genin P, Nguyen H, Heylbroeck C, Mamane Y, Algarte M, Lin R. Triggering the interferon response: the role of IRF-3 transcription factor. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1999; 19:1-13. [PMID: 10048763 DOI: 10.1089/107999099314360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The interferon (IFN) regulatory factors (IRF) consist of a growing family of related transcription proteins first identified as regulators of the IFN-alpha/beta gene promoters, as well as the IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) of some IFN-stimulated genes. IRF-3 was originally identified as a member of the IRF family based on homology with other IRF family members and on binding to the ISRE of the IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) promoter. Several recent studies have focused attention on the unique molecular properties of IRF-3 and its role in the regulation of IFN gene expression. IRF-3 is expressed constitutively in a variety of tissues, and the relative levels of IRF-3 mRNA do not change in virus-infected or IFN-treated cells. Following virus infection, IRF-3 is posttranslationally modified by protein phosphorylation at multiple serine and threonine residues, located in the carboxy-terminus of IRF-3. Phosphorylation causes the cytoplasmic to nuclear translocation of IRF-3, stimulation of DNA binding, and increased transcriptional activation, mediated through the association of IRF-3 with the CBP/p300 coactivator. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent investigations demonstrating the important role of IRF-3 in cytokine gene transcription. These studies provide the framework for a model in which virus-dependent phosphorylation of IRF-3 alters protein conformation to permit nuclear translocation, association with transcriptional partners, and primary activation of IFN and IFN-responsive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hiscott
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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12
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Kwon H, Pelletier N, DeLuca C, Genin P, Cisternas S, Lin R, Wainberg MA, Hiscott J. Inducible expression of IkappaBalpha repressor mutants interferes with NF-kappaB activity and HIV-1 replication in Jurkat T cells. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:7431-40. [PMID: 9516441 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.13.7431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) utilizes the NF-kappaB/Rel proteins to regulate transcription through NF-kappaB binding sites in the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR). Normally, NF-kappaB is retained in the cytoplasm by inhibitory IkappaB proteins; after stimulation by multiple activators including viruses, IkappaBalpha is phosphorylated and degraded, resulting in NF-kappaB release. In the present study, we examined the effect of tetracycline-inducible expression of transdominant repressors of IkappaBalpha (TD-IkappaBalpha) on HIV-1 multiplication using stably selected Jurkat T cells. TD-IkappaBalpha was inducibly expressed as early as 3 h after doxycycline addition and dramatically reduced both NF-kappaB DNA binding activity and LTR-directed gene activity. Interestingly, induced TD-IkappaBalpha expression also decreased endogenous IkappaBalpha expression to undetectable levels by 24 h after induction, demonstrating that TD-IkappaBalpha repressed endogenous NF-kappaB-dependent gene transcription. TD-IkappaBalpha expression also sensitized Jurkat cells to tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis. De novo HIV-1 infection of Jurkat cells was dramatically altered by TD-IkappaBalpha induction, resulting in inhibition of HIV-1 multiplication, as measured by p24 antigen, reverse transcriptase, and viral RNA. Given the multiple functions of the NF-kappaB/IkappaB pathway, TD-IkappaBalpha expression may interfere with HIV-1 multiplication at several levels: LTR-mediated transcription, Rev-mediated export of viral RNA, inhibition of HIV-1-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increased sensitivity of HIV-1-infected cells to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kwon
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
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13
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Genin P, Weill G, Julliard R. [The tibial slope. Proposal for a measurement method]. J Radiol 1993; 74:27-33. [PMID: 8483148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The posterior inclination of the tibial plateaus relative to the longitudinal axis of the bone, also called tibial slope, is important to know for the pathology of the cruciate ligaments and to lay some knee prostheses. We have chosen a reproducible method to measure it, on the basis of a large radiograph of the lower limb. A radio-anatomical analysis of the morphology of the tibia has first been carried out to properly choose axes that are easy to find and useful in practice. The accuracy of the measurement is to within one degree. In adults, the slope ranges from 0 to 18 degrees, according to the subjects, with variations form one knee to the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Genin
- Radiologie du Centre, Grenoble
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14
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Julliard R, Genin P, Weil G, Palmkrantz P. [The median functional slope of the tibia. Principle. Technique of measurement. Value. Interest]. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot 1993; 79:625-634. [PMID: 7938808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The tibial slope is an important datum in knee surgery; the levelling by a uni- or bicompartmental prosthesis preserving both cruciate ligaments requires to maintain this slope. The postoperative rehabilitation of the A.C.L. plasties, especially those performed with a patellar tendon and the surgical cure of a genu recurvatum, must integrate this notion. Even if the anatomical slopes are usable in prosthetic surgery, they do not seem precise enough in the field of A.C.L. and tibia recurvatum surgery. In these indications, the authors propose to determine the functional tibial slope defined as being the complement of the angle formed by the tangent to the tibial medial plateau and the lateral mechanical axis of the leg. Measured to an average of 7 degrees on 238 knees, the average median functional slope cannot be deduced from anatomical slopes; it must be measured on a lateral teleradiographic view of the lower limb, the knee being in full extension and X-rayed in true posterior and inferior lateral view.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Julliard
- Département d'Orthopédie, Clinique Mutualiste-Rocheplane, Grenoble
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15
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Genin P, Vouge M, Bloch P. [Osteonecrosis of the femoral head of sickle-cell origin. Apropos of 19 cases observed during a year in Benin. Proposal for radiologic classification]. J Radiol 1984; 65:681-7. [PMID: 6527336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The author reports 19 aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, due to sickle-cell anemia, collected in 14 black people native from Benin. Sickle-cell anemia is the most frequent etiology of osteonecrosis there. They are generally observed between 10 and 30 years of age. A systematic and complete study of the radiological signs has been carried out. The peculiar severity of the disease in black Africa is related to the chronicity of the sickling disorder, the delay brought to the diagnostic, the lack in therapeutic media. A six stage X-ray classification is argued because of the most severe aspects.
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Rouot J, Genin P, Desbans R, Franco A, Thibault J, Leydier J. [The ambiguity of the partial removable denture]. Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac 1970; 71:376-8. [PMID: 5271688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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