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Bhandari K, Grover V, Kalita P, Sudarshan K, Modak B, Sharma SK, Kulriya PK. Radiation response of Y 3Al 5O 12 and Nd 3+-Y 3Al 5O 12 to Swift heavy ions: insight into structural damage and defect dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37470096 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02734a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the behavior of a material under irradiation is paramount to its application in the nuclear industry. The present work explores the radiation response of garnet Y3Al5O12 (YAG) and Nd3+-substituted Y3Al5O12 (Nd-YAG) under a 100 MeV Iodine beam at varying fluences to mimic the effect of fission fragments. This is relevant to the potential application of garnet as a host for minor actinide (MA) transmutation (Nd3+: surrogate for long-lived MA (Am3+, Np3+, Cm3+)). The un-irradiated and irradiated YAG and Nd-YAG samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Positron annihilation spectroscopy, thermal spike modelling and theoretical studies have been employed to understand the role of substitution and defect energetics in influencing this radiation response. Although both materials were not completely amorphized under the present irradiation conditions, a tremendous loss in crystallinity could be observed with increase in fluence, the damage being much more in Nd-YAG. Ion track radii of 2.17 nm and 2.91 nm were estimated for YAG and Nd-YAG respectively. Thermal-spike calculations show an increase in radiation-induced transient temperatures upon Nd-substitution that causes greater radiation damage in Nd-YAG. The enhancement in radiation-induced damage with increasing ion-fluence manifests in broadening and weakening of the Raman modes and XRD peaks. An increase in the average positron annihilation lifetime indicated the creation of oxygen vacancies. The defect formation energies of Y3Al5O12 have been theoretically estimated via density functional theory (DFT) and unfavorable energies required for creating cation pair anti-sites have been proposed as one of the possible reasons for the relatively poorer radiation response of YAG. The irradiation behavior of Y3Al5O12 has been compared with disordered fluorite (YSZ) and zirconate pyrochlores, which are well-researched ceramics for MA transmutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Bhandari
- Radiometallurgy Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - V Grover
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - P Kalita
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - K Sudarshan
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - B Modak
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Saurabh K Sharma
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawahar Lal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - P K Kulriya
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawahar Lal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Kulriya PK, Singh VN, Agarwal DC, Ojha S, Avasthi DK. Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Studies on Pd/C Nano-Composite System: Effect of Metal Concentration and Annealing Temperature. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2020; 20:3859-3865. [PMID: 31748087 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2020.17508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of metal concentration and annealing temperature on the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties of the Pd nanoparticles (NP) dispersed in carbon were investigated. The Pd/C nano-composite thin films with 7 to 39 atomic % concentration of metal content were deposited using the atom beam co-sputtering techniques and subjected to annealing at temperature varying from 300 °C to 600 °C. The UV-vis spectroscopy studies on as-prepared films displayed a Mie scattering profile, but not well-defined LSPR bands were observed for all the values of Pd concentration. This is attributed to the smaller size (3-4 nm) of Pd NPs and rough Pd/C interface, as confirmed from TEM studies. When samples were annealed at a temperature of 300 °C, three broad LSPR absorption bands in the visible region, along with a sharp peak at 210 nm, were observed and the effect of Pd concentration variation was insignificant on their position. The multiple LSPR bands were observed due to agglomeration NPs, which is consistent with earlier reports and is also observed in the TEM images. When annealing temperature was subsequently increased to 500 °C, a blue shift in the LSPR peak position with an increase in the Pd concentration was observed, which phenomena is attributed to the formation of bigger NPs with the formation of sharp NPs-interface at high temperature upon annealing. A monotonic increase in the magnitude and decrease in the FWHM with an increase in concentration suggested change in the dielectric function of sample due to the growth of NPs. This is further confirmed from XRD studies, where strain relaxation and grain growth were observed. The intensity of the SPR peak decreased with an increase in the annealing temperature. The LSPR peak disappeared on annealing at a temperature of 600 °C, suggesting the formation of continuous polycrystalline thin films of Pd. In summary, NPs size, metalmatrix interface, and concentration of metal play key roles in the tailoring the LSPR properties of the Pd.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Kulriya
- Materials Science Group, Inter-University Accelerator Centre, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - V N Singh
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - D C Agarwal
- Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sangrur, Longowal 148106, Punjab, India
| | - S Ojha
- Materials Science Group, Inter-University Accelerator Centre, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - D K Avasthi
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201313, India
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Maity G, Dubey S, El-Azab A, Singhal R, Ojha S, Kulriya PK, Dhar S, Som T, Kanjilal D, Patel SP. An assessment on crystallization phenomena of Si in Al/a-Si thin films via thermal annealing and ion irradiation. RSC Adv 2020; 10:4414-4426. [PMID: 35495262 PMCID: PMC9049056 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08836a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, crystallization of amorphous-Si (a-Si) in Al/a-Si bilayer thin films under thermal annealing and ion irradiation has been investigated for future solar energy materials applications. In particular, the effect of thickness ratio (e.g. in Al : a-Si, the ratio of the Al and a-Si layer thickness) and temperature during irradiation on crystallization of the Si films has been explored for the first time. Two sets of samples with thickness ratio 1 : 1 (set-A: 50 nm Al/50 nm a-Si) and thickness ratio 1 : 3 (set-B: 50 nm Al/150 nm a-Si) have been prepared on thermally oxidized Si-substrates. In one experiment, thermal annealing of the as-prepared sample (of both the sets) has been done at different temperatures of 100 °C, 200 °C, 300 °C, 400 °C, and 500 °C. Significant crystallization was found to initiate at 200 °C with the help of thermal annealing, which increased further by increasing the temperature. In another experiment, ion irradiation on both sets of samples has been carried out at 100 °C and 200 °C using 100 MeV Ni7+ ions with fluences of 1 × 1012 ions per cm2, 5 × 1012 ions per cm2, 1 × 1013 ions per cm2, and 5 × 1013 ions per cm2. Significant crystallization of Si was observed at a remarkably low temperature of 100 °C under ion irradiation. The samples irradiated at 100 °C show better crystallization than the samples irradiated at 200 °C. The maximum crystallization of a-Si has been observed at a fluence of 1 × 1012 ions per cm2, which was found to decrease with increasing ion fluence at both temperatures (i.e. 100 °C & 200 °C). The crystallization of a-Si is found to be better for set-B samples as compared to set-A samples at all the fluences and irradiation temperatures. The present work is aimed at developing the understanding of the crystallization process, which may have significant advantages for designing crystalline layers at lower temperature using appropriate masks for irradiation at the desired location. The detailed mechanisms behind all the above observations are discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Maity
- Department of Pure & Applied Physics, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) Bilaspur-495009 India
| | - S Dubey
- Department of Physics, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies Bidholi Dehradun-248007 India
| | - Anter El-Azab
- Material Science & Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette IN-47906 USA
| | - R Singhal
- Department of Physics, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur-302017 India
| | - S Ojha
- Inter University Accelerator Centre Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi-110067 India
| | - P K Kulriya
- Inter University Accelerator Centre Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi-110067 India
| | - S Dhar
- Department of Physics, Shiv Nadar University Gautam Buddha Nagar-201314 India
| | - T Som
- Institute of Physics Sachivalaya Marg Bhubaneswar-751005 India
| | - D Kanjilal
- Inter University Accelerator Centre Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi-110067 India
| | - Shiv P Patel
- Department of Pure & Applied Physics, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) Bilaspur-495009 India
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Maity G, Ojha S, Dubey S, Kulriya PK, Sulania I, Dhar S, Som T, Kanjilal D, Patel SP. Crystallization of Ge in ion-irradiated amorphous-Ge/Au thin films. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01584a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the structural, optical, and electrical properties of Au-induced crystallization in amorphous germanium (a-Ge) thin films are presented for future solar energy material applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Maity
- Department of Pure and Applied Physics
- Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University)
- Bilaspur 495009
- India
| | - S. Ojha
- Inter University Accelerator Centre
- New Delhi 110067
- India
| | - S. Dubey
- Department of Physics
- School of Engineering
- University of Petroleum and Energy Studies
- Dehradun-248007
- India
| | - P. K. Kulriya
- Inter University Accelerator Centre
- New Delhi 110067
- India
| | - I. Sulania
- Inter University Accelerator Centre
- New Delhi 110067
- India
| | - S. Dhar
- Department of Physics
- Shiv Nadar University
- Nagar-201314
- India
| | - T. Som
- Institute of Physics
- Bhubaneswar-751005
- India
| | - D. Kanjilal
- Inter University Accelerator Centre
- New Delhi 110067
- India
| | - Shiv P. Patel
- Department of Pure and Applied Physics
- Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University)
- Bilaspur 495009
- India
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Grover V, Shukla R, Kumari R, Mandal BP, Kulriya PK, Srivastava SK, Ghosh S, Tyagi AK, Avasthi DK. Effect of grain size and microstructure on radiation stability of CeO2: an extensive study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:27065-73. [PMID: 25383891 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04215h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the variation in the radiation stability of ceria with microstructure under the electronic excitation regime, ceria samples sintered under different conditions were irradiated with high energy 100 MeV Ag ions. The ceria nanopowders were synthesized and sintered at 800 °C (S800), 1000 °C (S1000) and 1300 °C (S1300), respectively. The samples with widely varying grain size, densities and microstructure were obtained. The pristine and irradiated samples were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). None of the samples amorphized up to the highest fluence of 1 × 10(14) ions per cm(2) employed in this study. XRD and Raman studies showed that the sample with lowest grain size suffered maximum damage while the sample with largest grain size was most stable and showed little change in crystallinity. Raman spectroscopy indicated the enhanced formation of Ce(3+) and related defects in the sample with larger grain size after irradiation. The most intriguing result was the absence of Ce(3+)-related defects in the sample with lowest grain size which actually showed maximum damage upon irradiation. The XPS studies on S800 and S1300 provided concrete evidence for the presence of Ce(3+) and oxygen ion vacancies in S1300. The grain boundaries and grain size dependent stability have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Grover
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400085, India.
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Amekura H, Mohapatra S, Singh UB, Khan SA, Kulriya PK, Ishikawa N, Okubo N, Avasthi DK. Shape elongation of Zn nanoparticles in silica irradiated with swift heavy ions of different species and energies: scaling law and some insights on the elongation mechanism. Nanotechnology 2014; 25:435301. [PMID: 25288109 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/43/435301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Zinc nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in silica were irradiated with swift heavy ions (SHIs) of seven different combinations of species and energies. The shape elongation induced by the irradiations was evaluated by optical linear dichroism (OLD) spectroscopy, which is a sensitive tool for determining the change in the mean aspect ratio (AR) of NPs. Although the mean AR change indicated a linear fluence dependence in the low- and medium-fluence regions, it indicated a nonlinear dependence in the high-fluence region. The data reveal that the elongation efficiency of Zn is correlated with the electronic stopping power 'Se in silica' and is not correlated with either the 'Se in Zn' or the nuclear stopping power. The elongation efficiency plotted as a function of the 'Se in silica' revealed a linear relationship, with a threshold value of ∼2 keV nm(-1), which is the same dependence exhibited by the ion-track formation in silica. The log-log plot showed that the elongation efficiency increased linearly with Se above a critical value of ∼3 keV nm(-1) and steeply decreased with Se to the power of 5 below the critical Se. The steep decrease can be ascribed to the discontinuous nature of the ion tracks, which is expected at Se ∼ 2-4 keV nm(-1) in silica. The fluence Φ dependences of AR - 1 under various irradiations are well-normalized with the electronic energy deposition of SHIs, i.e., the product of Se and Φ, with a Se greater than the same critical value of ∼3 keV nm(-1). The normalized data above the critical value fell on a linear relation, AR(Φ) - 1 ∝ SeΦ, for SeΦ < 2 keV nm(-3) and a sublinear relation, AR(Φ) - 1 ∝ (SeΦ)(1/2) for SeΦ > 2 keV nm(-3). On the basis of these experimental results, we discuss some insights into the elongation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Amekura
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Kanagasekaran T, Mythili P, Srinivasan P, Vijayan N, Bhagavannarayana G, Kulriya PK, Kanjilal D, Gopalakrishnan R, Ramasamy P. Effects of 50 MeV Si ion irradiation on nonlinear optical benzimidazole single crystals. Cryst Res Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.200711035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kulriya PK, Singh F, Tripathi A, Ahuja R, Kothari A, Dutt RN, Mishra YK, Kumar A, Avasthi DK. Setup for in situ x-ray diffraction study of swift heavy ion irradiated materials. Rev Sci Instrum 2007; 78:113901. [PMID: 18052482 DOI: 10.1063/1.2804171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An in situ x-ray diffraction (XRD) setup is designed and installed in the materials science beam line of the Pelletron accelerator at the Inter-University Accelerator Centre for in situ studies of phase change in swift heavy ion irradiated materials. A high vacuum chamber with suitable windows for incident and diffracted X-rays is integrated with the goniometer and the beamline. Indigenously made liquid nitrogen (LN2) temperature sample cooling unit is installed. The snapshots of growth of particles with fluence of 90 MeV Ni ions were recorded using in situ XRD experiment, illustrating the potential of this in situ facility. A thin film of C60 was used to test the sample cooling unit. It shows that the phase of the C60 film transforms from a cubic lattice (at room temperature) to a fcc lattice at around T=255 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Kulriya
- Inter-University Accelerator Centre, PO Box 10502, New Delhi 110067, India.
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