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Frijstein MM, Lok CAR, Short D, Singh K, Fisher RA, Hancock BW, Tidy JA, Sarwar N, Kanfer E, Winter MC, Savage PM, Seckl MJ. The results of treatment with high-dose chemotherapy and peripheral blood stem cell support for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Eur J Cancer 2019; 109:162-171. [PMID: 30731277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with peripheral blood stem cell support (PBSCS) on survival of patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) with either refractory choriocarcinomas or a poor-prognosis placental site/epithelioid trophoblastic tumours (PSTT/ETTs). METHODS Databases of two referral centres for gestational trophoblastic disease were searched, and 32 patients treated with HDC between 1994 and 2015 were identified. Tissue samples were retrieved for genetic evaluation. Cox regression analyses were performed to identify possible predictors of overall survival (OS). RESULTS HDC induced a sustained complete response in 7 patients. Overall, 41% (13/32) of the patients remained disease free after HDC with or without additional treatment. Patients who survived had much lower human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) values (all ≤12 IU/L) before and after HDC than those who died of disease. Univariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated that hCG >12 IU/L before or after HDC, International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage II-IV and presence of metastases at the time of diagnosis were significantly associated with adverse OS. However, only hCG values before HDC remained significant in a multivariable model (p < 0.001). Five of 11 (45%) patients with PSTT/ETT presenting ≥48 months after antecedent pregnancy and 6 of 14 (43%) patients with refractory choriocarcinoma were in remission. Three treatment-related deaths occurred. CONCLUSIONS Despite 3 treatment-induced deaths, HDC with PBSCS appears to be active in salvaging selected patients with poor-prognosis PSTT/ETTs and refractory choriocarcinomas. Low hCG values before HDC seems a beneficial predictor of OS and may suggest that HDC acts more like a consolidation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Frijstein
- Department of Gynaecology, Center of Gynaecologic Oncology Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C A R Lok
- Department of Gynaecology, Center of Gynaecologic Oncology Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D Short
- Department of Medical Oncology, Charing Cross Hospital Campus of Imperial College, London, UK
| | - K Singh
- Sheffield Trophoblastic Disease Centre, Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - R A Fisher
- Department of Medical Oncology, Charing Cross Hospital Campus of Imperial College, London, UK
| | - B W Hancock
- Sheffield Trophoblastic Disease Centre, Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - J A Tidy
- Sheffield Trophoblastic Disease Centre, Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - N Sarwar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Charing Cross Hospital Campus of Imperial College, London, UK
| | - E Kanfer
- Dept of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital Campus of Imperial College, London, UK
| | - M C Winter
- Sheffield Trophoblastic Disease Centre, Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - P M Savage
- Department of Medical Oncology, Charing Cross Hospital Campus of Imperial College, London, UK
| | - M J Seckl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Charing Cross Hospital Campus of Imperial College, London, UK.
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Eagles N, Sebire NJ, Short D, Savage PM, Seckl MJ, Fisher RA. Risk of recurrent molar pregnancies following complete and partial hydatidiform moles. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:1379. [PMID: 27076498 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Eagles
- Trophoblast Tumour Screening & Treatment Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Campus, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF
| | - N J Sebire
- Trophoblast Tumour Screening & Treatment Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Campus, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 3JH
| | - D Short
- Trophoblast Tumour Screening & Treatment Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Campus, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF
| | - P M Savage
- Trophoblast Tumour Screening & Treatment Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Campus, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF
| | - M J Seckl
- Trophoblast Tumour Screening & Treatment Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Campus, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN
| | - R A Fisher
- Trophoblast Tumour Screening & Treatment Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Campus, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN
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Taylor F, Short D, Harvey R, Winter MC, Tidy J, Hancock BW, Savage PM, Sarwar N, Seckl MJ, Coleman RE. Late spontaneous resolution of persistent molar pregnancy. BJOG 2016; 123:1175-81. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Taylor
- Sheffield Centre for Trophoblastic Disease Sheffield Cancer Research Centre Weston Park Hospital Sheffield UK
| | - D Short
- Charing Cross Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Centre Department of Medical Oncology Charing Cross Hospital Campus of Imperial College London London UK
| | - R Harvey
- Charing Cross Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Centre Department of Medical Oncology Charing Cross Hospital Campus of Imperial College London London UK
| | - MC Winter
- Sheffield Centre for Trophoblastic Disease Sheffield Cancer Research Centre Weston Park Hospital Sheffield UK
| | - J Tidy
- Sheffield Centre for Trophoblastic Disease Sheffield Cancer Research Centre Weston Park Hospital Sheffield UK
| | - BW Hancock
- Sheffield Centre for Trophoblastic Disease Sheffield Cancer Research Centre Weston Park Hospital Sheffield UK
| | - PM Savage
- Charing Cross Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Centre Department of Medical Oncology Charing Cross Hospital Campus of Imperial College London London UK
| | - N Sarwar
- Charing Cross Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Centre Department of Medical Oncology Charing Cross Hospital Campus of Imperial College London London UK
| | - MJ Seckl
- Charing Cross Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Centre Department of Medical Oncology Charing Cross Hospital Campus of Imperial College London London UK
| | - RE Coleman
- Sheffield Centre for Trophoblastic Disease Sheffield Cancer Research Centre Weston Park Hospital Sheffield UK
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Savage PM, Sita-Lumsden A, Dickson S, Iyer R, Everard J, Coleman R, Fisher RA, Short D, Casalboni S, Catalano K, Seckl MJ. The relationship of maternal age to molar pregnancy incidence, risks for chemotherapy and subsequent pregnancy outcome. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2013; 33:406-11. [DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2013.771159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Saso S, Chatterjee J, Yazbek J, Thum Y, Keefe KW, Abdallah Y, Naji O, Lindsay I, Savage PM, Seckl MJ, Smith JR. A case of pregnancy following a modified Strassman procedure applied to treat a placental site trophoblastic tumour. BJOG 2012; 119:1665-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2012.03501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Sita-Lumsden A, Short D, Lindsay I, Sebire NJ, Adjogatse D, Seckl MJ, Savage PM. Treatment outcomes for 618 women with gestational trophoblastic tumours following a molar pregnancy at the Charing Cross Hospital, 2000-2009. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:1810-4. [PMID: 23059744 PMCID: PMC3504950 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Post-molar pregnancy gestational trophoblastic tumours (GTT) have been curable with chemotherapy treatment for over 50 years. Because of the rarity of the diagnosis, detailed structured information on prognosis, treatment escalations and outcome is limited. Methods: We have reviewed the demographics, prognostic variables, treatment course and clinical outcomes for the post-mole GTT patients treated at Charing Cross Hospital between 2000 and 2009. Results: Of the 618 women studied, 547 had a diagnosis of complete mole, 13 complete mole with a twin conception and 58 partial moles. At the commencement of treatment, 94% of patients were in the FIGO low-risk group (score 0–6). For patients treated with single-agent methotrexate, the primary cure rate ranged from 75% for a FIGO score of 0–1 through to 31% for those with a FIGO score of 6. Conclusion: In the setting of a formal follow-up programme, the expected cure rate for GTT after a molar pregnancy should be 100%. Prompt treatment and diagnosis should limit the exposure of most patients to combination chemotherapy. Because of the post-treatment relapse rate of 3% post-chemotherapy, hCG monitoring should be performed routinely.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sita-Lumsden
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London W6 8RF, UK
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McGrath S, Short D, Harvey R, Schmid P, Savage PM, Seckl MJ. The management and outcome of women with post-hydatidiform mole 'low-risk' gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, but hCG levels in excess of 100 000 IU l(-1). Br J Cancer 2010; 102:810-4. [PMID: 20160727 PMCID: PMC2833242 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) after a hydatidiform mole is either treated with single- or multi-agent chemotherapy determined by a multifactorial scoring system. Women with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) levels >100 000 IU l−1 can remain within the low-risk/single-agent category and usually choose one drug therapy. Here we compare the success and duration of single- vs multi-agent chemotherapy in this patient group. Methods: Between 1980 and 2008, 65 women had a pre-treatment hCG >100 000 IU l−1 and were low risk. The initial hCG level, treatment regimens, changes and duration and overall survival were recorded. Results: Of 37 patients starting low-risk/single-agent treatment, 11 (29.7%) were treated successfully, whereas 26 (70.3%) required additional multi-agent chemotherapy to achieve complete remission (CR). Combination chemotherapy was initially commenced in 28 women, and 2 (7%) required additional drugs for CR. The overall duration of therapy for those commencing and completing single- or multi-agent chemotherapy was 130 and 123 days (P=0.78), respectively. The median-treatment duration for patients commencing single-agent but changing to multi-agent chemotherapy was 13 days more than those receiving high-risk treatment alone (136 vs 123 days; P=0.07). All 3 patients with an initial hCG >400 000 IU l−1 and treated with single-agent therapy developed drug resistance. Overall survival for all patients was 100%. Conclusion: Low-risk post-molar GTN patients with a pre-treatment hCG >100 000 and <400 000 IU l−1 can be offered low-risk single-agent therapy, as this will cure 30%, is relatively non-toxic and only prolongs treatment by 2 weeks if a change to combination agents is required. Patients whose hCG is >400 000 IU l−1 should receive multi-agent chemotherapy from the outset.
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Affiliation(s)
- S McGrath
- Department Medical Oncology, Charing Cross Hospital Trophoblastic Disease Screening and Treatment Centre, Imperial College NHS Healthcare Trust, Fulham Palace Road, London, UK
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Wang CM, Dixon PH, Decordova S, Hodges MD, Sebire NJ, Ozalp S, Fallahian M, Sensi A, Ashrafi F, Repiska V, Zhao J, Xiang Y, Savage PM, Seckl MJ, Fisher RA. Identification of 13 novel NLRP7 mutations in 20 families with recurrent hydatidiform mole; missense mutations cluster in the leucine-rich region. J Med Genet 2009; 46:569-75. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2008.064196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Powles T, Savage PM, Stebbing J, Short D, Young A, Bower M, Pappin C, Schmid P, Seckl MJ. A comparison of patients with relapsed and chemo-refractory gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Br J Cancer 2007; 96:732-7. [PMID: 17299394 PMCID: PMC2360082 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of women requiring chemotherapy for gestational trophoblastic disease (GTN) are cured with their initial chemotherapy treatment. However, a small percentage either become refractory to treatment, or relapse after the completion of treatment. This study investigates the characteristics and outcome of these patients. Patients were identified from the Charing Cross Hospital GTD database. The outcome of these patients with relapsed disease was compared to those with refractory disease. Between 1980 and 2004, 1708 patients were treated with chemotherapy for GTN. Sixty (3.5%) patents relapsed following completion of initial therapy. The overall 5-year survival for patients with relapsed GTN was 93% (95% CI 86-100%). The overall survival for patients with low-risk and high-risk disease at presentation, who subsequently relapsed was 100% (n=35), and 84% (n=25) (95% CI: 66-96%: P<0.05), respectively. Eleven patients were identified who failed to enter remission and had refractory disease. These patients had a worse outcome compared to patients with relapsed disease (5-year survival 43% (95% CI:12-73% P<0.01)). The outcome of patients with relapsed GTN is good. However, patients with primary chemo-refractory disease do poorly and novel therapies are required for this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Powles
- Department of Medical Oncology, Charing Cross Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Centre, Hammersmith Hospitals Campus of Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Powles T, Young A, Sanitt A, Sammit A, Stebbing J, Short D, Bower M, Savage PM, Seckl MJ, Schmid P. The significance of the time interval between antecedent pregnancy and diagnosis of high-risk gestational trophoblastic tumours. Br J Cancer 2006; 95:1145-7. [PMID: 17031399 PMCID: PMC2360575 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
It is thought that the time interval between the antecedent pregnancy and diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic tumours (GTTs) may influence the outcome of these patients. In this study, we investigate the significance of this time interval. Multivariate analysis was used to investigate if the time interval was of prognostic significance from our cohort of 241 high-risk patients with GTT. Subsequent cutpoint analysis was used to determine an optimal cutpoint for the interval covariate. The outcome of these patients was plotted according to the Kaplan-Meier method. The time interval was of prognostic significance on multivariate analysis. A period of greater than 2.8 years after pregnancy was found to be of most significance. The 5-year overall survival was 62.0% (95% CI: 47-76%) for greater than 2.8 years vs 94% (95% CI: 91-97%) for less than 2.8 years (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed the presence of liver metastasis and the number of metastasis was also of prognostic importance. The interval between antecedent pregnancy and diagnosis in high-risk GTT is of prognostic significance. This gives some insight into the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Powles
- Charing Cross Gestational Trophoblastic Centre, London, UK.
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Cook JP, Savage PM, Lord JM, Roberts LM. Biologically active interleukin 2-ricin A chain fusion proteins may require intracellular proteolytic cleavage to exhibit a cytotoxic effect. Bioconjug Chem 1993; 4:440-7. [PMID: 8305513 DOI: 10.1021/bc00024a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
DNA fusions encoding chimeric proteins in which human interleukin 2 (IL2) was fused to the A subunit of the plant cytotoxin ricin (RA) have been expressed in Xenopus oocytes. The constructs contained N-terminal IL2 and C-terminal RA, or N-terminal RA and C-terminal IL2. In the expressed chimeric proteins, the IL2 and RA moieties were joined by a peptide sequence containing a proteolytic cleavage site. Two proteolytically-sensitive peptide sequences were utilized; a peptide that forms the trypsin-sensitive disulfide-bonded loop in diphtheria toxin (DT) or a synthetic peptide containing the factor Xa recognition site in a sequence flanked by two cysteine residues. In an in vitro cell free system the RA component was biologically active in all chimeric proteins produced since it specifically depurinated 28S ribosomal RNA. Proteolytic cleavage of the chimeras with either trypsin or factor Xa as appropriate separated the IL2 and RA moieties, but they did not remain covalently linked by a disulfide bond. Because of this, the cytotoxicity of protease-treated chimeras could not be assessed. Chimeras not pretreated with factor Xa but which contained the factor Xa target sequence were not cytotoxic to CTLL-2 cells. Rather, these molecules had a stimulatory effect that was ascribed to the IL2 moiety. In contrast, recombinant chimeric toxins containing the DT loop sequence were cytotoxic to CTLL-2 cells. Taken together the data suggest that RA-containing chimeras require intracellular proteolytic cleavage to release the RA moiety to render them cytotoxic to target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Cook
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Savage PM. Vasectomy and psychosexual damage. Health Serv Rep 1972; 87:803-4. [PMID: 4644265 PMCID: PMC1616031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Savage PM. An economic and efficient vasectomy program. HSMHA Health Rep 1971; 86:682-3. [PMID: 5115602 PMCID: PMC1937157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Savage PM. Concerning Proposal to Lower Medical Licensure Laws in California. Cal West Med 1945; 62:49. [PMID: 18746966 PMCID: PMC1780819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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