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Maclean P, Mentzer AJ, Lambe T, Knight JC. Response to Letter to the Editor by Ish et al. entitled 'COVID-19 vaccine equity-the need of the hour'. QJM 2023; 116:86. [PMID: 35092292 PMCID: PMC9383372 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Maclean
- Address correspondence to Dr P. Maclean, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - A J Mentzer
- From the Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - T Lambe
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital Old Road Headington, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - J C Knight
- From the Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive Headington, Oxford, UK
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Rapp D, Ross CM, Maclean P, Cave VM, Brightwell G. Investigation of On-Farm Transmission Routes for Contamination of Dairy Cows with Top 7 Escherichia coli O-Serogroups. Microb Ecol 2021; 81:67-77. [PMID: 32561945 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are foodborne bacterial pathogens, with cattle a significant reservoir for human infection. This study evaluated environmental reservoirs, intermediate hosts and key pathways that could drive the presence of Top 7 STEC (O157:H7, O26, O45, O103, O111, O121 and O145) on pasture-based dairy herds, using molecular and culture-based methods. A total of 235 composite environmental samples (including soil, bedding, pasture, stock drinking water, bird droppings and flies and faecal samples of dairy animals) were collected from two dairy farms, with four sampling events on each farm. Molecular detection revealed O26, O45, O103 and O121 as the most common O-serogroups, with the greatest occurrence in dairy animal faeces (> 91%), environments freshly contaminated with faeces (> 73%) and birds and flies (> 71%). STEC (79 isolates) were a minor population within the target O-serogroups in all sample types but were widespread in the farm environment in the summer samplings. Phylogenetic analysis of whole genome sequence data targeting single nucleotide polymorphisms revealed the presence of several clonal strains on a farm; a single STEC clonal strain could be found in several sample types concurrently, indicating the existence of more than one possible route for transmission to dairy animals and a high rate of transmission of STEC between dairy animals and wildlife. Overall, the findings improved the understanding of the ecology of the Top 7 STEC in open farm environments, which is required to develop on-farm intervention strategies controlling these zoonoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rapp
- Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.
| | - C M Ross
- Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - P Maclean
- Bioinformatics & Statistics, AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
| | - V M Cave
- Bioinformatics & Statistics, AgResearch, Ruakura Agricultural Centre, Hamilton, 3214, New Zealand
| | - G Brightwell
- Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
- New Zealand Food Safety Science & Research Centre, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
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Rahnama M, Maclean P, Fleetwood DJ, Johnson RD. The LaeA orthologue in Epichloë festucae is required for symbiotic interaction with Lolium perenne. Fungal Genet Biol 2019; 129:74-85. [PMID: 31071427 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
LaeA is a conserved global regulator of secondary metabolism and development in fungi. It is often required for successful pathogenic interactions. In this study, the laeA homologue in the fungal grass endophyte E. festucae was deleted and functionally characterised in vitro and its role in the mutualistic E. festucae interaction with Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) was determined. We showed that laeA in E. festucae is required for normal hyphal morphology, resistance to oxidative stress, and conidiation under nutrient-limited in vitro conditions. In planta studies revealed that laeA is expressed in a tissue-specific manner and is required to form a compatible plant interaction, with the majority of seedlings inoculated with a laeA deletion mutant either dying or being uninfected. In mature infected plants no difference was observed in the number or morphology of endophytic hyphae. However, the number of epiphyllous hyphae were greatly increased. Comparative transcriptomics analyses suggested roles for plant cell wall degradation, fungal cell wall composition, secondary metabolism and small-secreted proteins in Epichloë foliar symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rahnama
- AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P Maclean
- AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - D J Fleetwood
- AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Biotelliga Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - R D Johnson
- AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Yu Z, Plowman JE, Maclean P, Wildermoth JE, Brauning R, McEwan JC, Maqbool NJ. Ovine keratome: identification, localisation and genomic organisation of keratin and keratin-associated proteins. Anim Genet 2018; 49:361-370. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Yu
- AgResearch Ltd; Ruakura Research Centre; Private Bag 3123 Hamilton 3214 New Zealand
| | - J. E. Plowman
- AgResearch Ltd; Lincoln Research Centre; Private Bag 4749 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - P. Maclean
- AgResearch Ltd; Lincoln Research Centre; Private Bag 4749 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - J. E. Wildermoth
- AgResearch Ltd; Ruakura Research Centre; Private Bag 3123 Hamilton 3214 New Zealand
| | - R. Brauning
- AgResearch Limited; Invermay Agricultural Centre; Private Bag 50034 Mosgiel 9053 New Zealand
| | - J. C. McEwan
- AgResearch Limited; Invermay Agricultural Centre; Private Bag 50034 Mosgiel 9053 New Zealand
| | - N. J. Maqbool
- AgResearch Ltd; Ruakura Research Centre; Private Bag 3123 Hamilton 3214 New Zealand
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Anderson RC, Armstrong KM, Young W, Maclean P, Thomas DG, Bermingham EN. Effect of kibble and raw meat diets on peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene expression profile in dogs. Vet J 2018; 234:7-10. [PMID: 29680397 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) gene expression microarray profiling is a minimally invasive tool used in human diet intervention studies. In this study, PBMC gene expression was determined in dogs fed kibble or raw red meat diets for 9 weeks to test the hypothesis that diet influences canine immune cell gene expression profiles. The two diets were associated with differences in PBMC gene expression profiles, which corresponded with changes in plasma IgA concentrations. Analysis of PBMC gene expression profiles might provide useful insights into the long term effects of diet on health outcomes in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Anderson
- Food Nutrition and Health Team, AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - K M Armstrong
- Food Nutrition and Health Team, AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - W Young
- Food Nutrition and Health Team, AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - P Maclean
- Bioinformatics and Statistics Team, AgResearch, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - D G Thomas
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - E N Bermingham
- Food Nutrition and Health Team, AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Maclean P. Countering the biological drive to regain weight with exercise. Appetite 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2010.04.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Greene OJC, Leung E, Maclean P, Buist L. An unusual abdominal mass in an elderly patient. Surgeon 2008; 6:121-123. [PMID: 18488779 DOI: 10.1016/s1479-666x(08)80076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Adult intussusception is rare and is often not included in the differential diagnosis. Patients who have previously undergone some form of gastric bypass procedure are more susceptible. We report a case of retrograde intussusception following a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in an elderly patient, who presented with an abdominal mass. Her initial provisional diagnosis was bowel obstruction. As the number of bariatric gastric bypass procedures continues to rise, we are likely to see more of this kind of post-operative complication. Hence, it is crucial for surgeons to consider intussusception as a cause of abdominal pain, obstruction or mass in patients who have undergone some form of gastric bypass procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J C Greene
- Professorial Surgical Unit, Western Infirmary, Glasgow C11 6NT
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McColl MD, Deans A, Maclean P, Tait RC, Greer IA, Walker ID. Plasma protein Z deficiency is common in women with antiphospholipid antibodies. Br J Haematol 2003; 120:913-4. [PMID: 12614233 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04151_5.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cooper DA, Gold J, Maclean P, Donovan B, Finlayson R, Barnes TG, Michelmore HM, Brooke P, Penny R. Acute AIDS retrovirus infection. Definition of a clinical illness associated with seroconversion. Lancet 1985; 1:537-40. [PMID: 2857899 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(85)91205-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In the course of a prospective immunoepidemiological study of homosexual men in Sydney, seroconversion to the AIDS-associated retrovirus (ARV) was observed in 12 subjects. Review of the clinical files defined an acute infectious-mononucleosis-like illness in 11 subjects. The illness was of sudden onset, lasted from 3 to 14 days, and was associated with fevers, sweats, malaise, lethargy, anorexia, nausea, myalgia, arthralgia, headaches, sore throat, diarrhoea, generalised lymphadenopathy, a macular erythematous truncal eruption, and thrombocytopenia. In 1 subject an incubation period of 6 days after presumed exposure to ARV was determined and in 3 subjects seroconversion took place 19, 32, and 56 days after onset. Comparison of T-cell subsets before and after the acute illness showed inversion of T4:T8 ratio in 8 subjects, due to increased numbers of circulating T8+ cells. These findings support the notion of an acute clinical, immunological, and serological response to infection with ARV which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mononucleosis-like syndromes in groups at high risk for the development of AIDS.
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Ziegler JB, Zaunders JJ, Cooper DA, Maclean P, Duckett M, Edmonds JP, Penny R. Immunoregulation in juvenile chronic arthritis. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1984; 75:196-202. [PMID: 6148309 DOI: 10.1159/000233615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The presence of hyperimmunoglobulinaemia and antinuclear antibodies in patients with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) suggests a possible role for immunoregulatory abnormalities in the pathogenesis of the disease. This is further supported by the demonstration in the sera of such patients of an autoantibody active against a suppressor inducer T cell subset. To identify immunoregulatory defects in JCA, a method of measuring concanavalin A (Con A)-inducible lymphocyte suppression of IgG production in vitro has been established. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured in the presence of either medium alone, pokeweed mitogen (PWM), Con A, or PWM together with Con A. IgG present in culture supernates at 8 days was measured by a double-antibody radioimmunoassay. Spontaneous IgG synthesis by lymphocytes by both patients and child controls was found to be more than double that of lymphocytes from adult control subjects. However, lymphocytes of children (patients or controls) did not show stimulation of IgG production in the presence of PWM. Con A-induced suppression of spontaneous IgG synthesis was reduced compared to adult controls in both patients (p less than 0.02) and child controls (p less than 0.05). Con A-induced suppression of IgG synthesis in the presence of PWM was also reduced compared to adult controls in both patients (p less than 0.01) and child controls (p less than 0.01) but was also reduced in the patient group compared to the child controls (p less than 0.01). Thus, spontaneous IgG synthesis in children is increased compared to adults, and IgG-producing cells appear less subject to regulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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