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Fonghetti T, Dumont R, Giruzzi G, Artaud JF, Bernard JM, Bouquey F, Bourdelle C, Delpech L, Hillairet J, Maget P, Manas P, Mollard P, Morales J, Ostuni V, Robinet B. Operational domain for the new 3MW/1000s ECRH System on WEST. EPJ Web Conf 2023. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202327702006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The ECRH system formerly used in Tore Supra is being upgraded to start on WEST in 2023, at a power level of 1MW and frequency of 105 GHz. Its ultimate 3MW/1000s capability is expected to enlarge the WEST operational domain by increasing margins with respect to H-mode access, and by providing additional flexibility in terms of achievable scenarios using impurity and/or MHD control. This flexibility is made possible using an antenna based on three steerable mirrors for controlled power injection. In order to determine an appropriate range of EC wave injection angles for WEST scenarios, the fast and reliable ray-tracing code REMA has been interfaced with the WEST IMAS database. This allows the EC power damping rate to be quickly assessed, as well as deposition profiles to be predicted in realistic plasma conditions. Based on a typical WEST discharge at central magnetic field B0~3.6 T, central line-averaged electron density nl~4 × 1019 m−3 and central electron temperature Te0~3keV, ray-tracing calculations have been performed. Comprehensive poloidal and toroidal angle scans, as well as variations of Bt, nl and Te0 with respect to the reference parameters have allowed an adequate range of injection angles to be determined for efficient use of ECRH and/or ECCD in typical WEST scenarios, and compared with the mechanical limits set by the antenna mechanical characteristics. In order to further characterize the effect of this new power source in WEST scenarios, EC wave deposition and current profiles from ray-tracing calculations have been included in integrated simulation codes. It has been shown that this additional power source could allow central electron heating to be achieved, potentially alleviating the issue of radiative collapse caused by impurities observed in some situations.
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Giruzzi G, Bourdelle C, Hoang GT, Imbeaux F, Litaudon X, Maget P, Peysson Y. Physics of Discharges with Vanishing Loop Voltage. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst09-a9184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Giruzzi
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - C. Bourdelle
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - G. T. Hoang
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - F. Imbeaux
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - X. Litaudon
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - P. Maget
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Y. Peysson
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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Goniche M, Huysmans GTA, Turco F, Maget P, Ségui JL, Artaud JF, Giruzzi G, Imbeaux F, Lotte P, Mazon D, Molina D, Udintsev VS. Identification of Fast Particle Triggered Modes by Means of Correlation Electron Cyclotron Emission on Tore Supra. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst08-a1656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Goniche
- Association EURATOM-CEA DRFC/SCCP/CEA, CEA-Cadarache, F-13108 Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - G. T. A. Huysmans
- Association EURATOM-CEA DRFC/SCCP/CEA, CEA-Cadarache, F-13108 Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - F. Turco
- Association EURATOM-CEA DRFC/SCCP/CEA, CEA-Cadarache, F-13108 Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - P. Maget
- Association EURATOM-CEA DRFC/SCCP/CEA, CEA-Cadarache, F-13108 Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - J. L. Ségui
- Association EURATOM-CEA DRFC/SCCP/CEA, CEA-Cadarache, F-13108 Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - J. F. Artaud
- Association EURATOM-CEA DRFC/SCCP/CEA, CEA-Cadarache, F-13108 Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - G. Giruzzi
- Association EURATOM-CEA DRFC/SCCP/CEA, CEA-Cadarache, F-13108 Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - F. Imbeaux
- Association EURATOM-CEA DRFC/SCCP/CEA, CEA-Cadarache, F-13108 Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - P. Lotte
- Association EURATOM-CEA DRFC/SCCP/CEA, CEA-Cadarache, F-13108 Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - D. Mazon
- Association EURATOM-CEA DRFC/SCCP/CEA, CEA-Cadarache, F-13108 Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - D. Molina
- Association EURATOM-CEA DRFC/SCCP/CEA, CEA-Cadarache, F-13108 Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - V. S. Udintsev
- Association EURATOM-Confédération Suisse, EPFL/SB/CRPP, Station 13 CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Udintsev VS, Goniche M, Ségui JL, Giruzzi G, Molina D, Turco F, Huysmans GTA, Maget P, Team TS, Krämer-Flecken A. First Results of Correlation Electron Cyclotron Emission on Tore Supra. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst06-a1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. S. Udintsev
- Association EURATOM-Confédération Suisse EPFL0SB0CRPP, Station 13, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M. Goniche
- Association EURATOM-Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique CEA/DSM/DRFC, CEA/Cadarache, F-13108 St. Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - J. L. Ségui
- Association EURATOM-Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique CEA/DSM/DRFC, CEA/Cadarache, F-13108 St. Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - G. Giruzzi
- Association EURATOM-Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique CEA/DSM/DRFC, CEA/Cadarache, F-13108 St. Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - D. Molina
- Association EURATOM-Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique CEA/DSM/DRFC, CEA/Cadarache, F-13108 St. Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - F. Turco
- Association EURATOM-Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique CEA/DSM/DRFC, CEA/Cadarache, F-13108 St. Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - G. T. A. Huysmans
- Association EURATOM-Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique CEA/DSM/DRFC, CEA/Cadarache, F-13108 St. Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - P. Maget
- Association EURATOM-Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique CEA/DSM/DRFC, CEA/Cadarache, F-13108 St. Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Tore Supra Team
- Association EURATOM-Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique CEA/DSM/DRFC, CEA/Cadarache, F-13108 St. Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - A. Krämer-Flecken
- Association EURATOM-Institut für Plasmaphysik Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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Dif-Pradalier G, Hornung G, Ghendrih P, Sarazin Y, Clairet F, Vermare L, Diamond PH, Abiteboul J, Cartier-Michaud T, Ehrlacher C, Estève D, Garbet X, Grandgirard V, Gürcan ÖD, Hennequin P, Kosuga Y, Latu G, Maget P, Morel P, Norscini C, Sabot R, Storelli A. Finding the elusive E×B staircase in magnetized plasmas. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:085004. [PMID: 25768769 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.085004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Turbulence in hot magnetized plasmas is shown to generate permeable localized transport barriers that globally organize into the so-called "ExB staircase" [G. Dif-Pradalier et al., Phys. Rev. E, 82, 025401(R) (2010)]. Its domain of existence and dependence with key plasma parameters is discussed theoretically. Based on these predictions, staircases are observed experimentally in the Tore Supra tokamak by means of high-resolution fast-sweeping X-mode reflectometry. This observation strongly emphasizes the critical role of mesoscale self-organization in plasma turbulence and may have far-reaching consequences for turbulent transport models and their validation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G Hornung
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Ph Ghendrih
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 St. Paul-lez-Durance cedex, France
| | - Y Sarazin
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 St. Paul-lez-Durance cedex, France
| | - F Clairet
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 St. Paul-lez-Durance cedex, France
| | - L Vermare
- Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - P H Diamond
- CASS and CMTFO, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA
- WCI Center for Fusion Theory, NFRI, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
| | - J Abiteboul
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - C Ehrlacher
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 St. Paul-lez-Durance cedex, France
| | - D Estève
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 St. Paul-lez-Durance cedex, France
| | - X Garbet
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 St. Paul-lez-Durance cedex, France
| | - V Grandgirard
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 St. Paul-lez-Durance cedex, France
| | - Ö D Gürcan
- Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - P Hennequin
- Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Y Kosuga
- Institute for Advanced Study, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - G Latu
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 St. Paul-lez-Durance cedex, France
| | - P Maget
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 St. Paul-lez-Durance cedex, France
| | - P Morel
- Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - C Norscini
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 St. Paul-lez-Durance cedex, France
| | - R Sabot
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 St. Paul-lez-Durance cedex, France
| | - A Storelli
- Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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Bucalossi J, Argouarch A, Basiuk V, Baulaigue O, Bayetti P, Bécoulet M, Bertrand B, S. Brémond, Cara P, Chantant M, Corre Y, Courtois X, Doceul L, Ekedahl A, Faisse F, M. Firdaouss, Garcia J, Gargiulo L, Gil C, Grisolia C, Gunn J, Hacquin S, Hertout P, Huysmans G, Imbeaux F, Jiolat G, Joanny M, Jourd’heuil L, Jouve M, Kukushkin A, Lipa M, Lisgo S, Loarer T, Maget P, Magne R, Marandet Y, Martinez A, Mazon D, Meyer O, Missirlian M, Monier-Garbet P, Moreau P, Nardon E, Panayotis S, Pégourié B, Pitts R, Portafaix C, Richou M, Sabot R, Saille A, Saint-Laurent F, Samaille F, Simonin A, Tsitrone E. Feasibility study of an actively cooled tungsten divertor in Tore Supra for ITER technology testing. Fusion Engineering and Design 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2011.01.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Macor A, Goniche M, Artaud JF, Decker J, Elbeze D, Garbet X, Giruzzi G, Hoang GT, Maget P, Mazon D, Molina D, Nguyen C, Peysson Y, Sabot R, Ségui JL. Redistribution of suprathermal electrons due to fishbone frequency jumps. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:155005. [PMID: 19518643 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.155005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Revised: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
MHD instabilities driven by fast electrons identified as fishbonelike modes have been detected on Tore Supra during lower hybrid current drive discharges. Direct experimental evidence is reported of a novel feature: the regular redistribution of suprathermal electrons toward external tokamak regions which are correlated to periodic mode frequency jumps. Sharp drops of the electron temperature time trace are factually linked to the cyclical deterioration of the fast electron confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Macor
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
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Imbeaux F, Giruzzi G, Maget P, Ségui JL, Udintsev VS, Artaud JF, Elbèze D, Huysmans G, Joffrin E, Mazon D, Sabot R, Sirinelli A. Giant oscillations of electron temperature during steady-state operation on Tore Supra. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:045004. [PMID: 16486837 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.045004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
During fully noninductively driven discharges in the Tore Supra tokamak, large spontaneous oscillations of the core electron temperature (DeltaTe/Te>50%) have been observed for the first time. They occurred during the standard O regime, which is itself characterized by periodic oscillations of much smaller amplitude. The "giant" oscillations appear to involve distinct mechanisms with respect to the O regime and provide a spectacular example of the complex nonlinear interactions between energy confinement, noninductive current sources, and MHD that may occur in a tokamak plasma during steady-state operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Imbeaux
- Association EURATOM-CEA sur la Fusion, CEA/DSM/DRFC, CEA Cadarache, 13108 Saint Paul lez Durance, France
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Giruzzi G, Artaud JF, Dumont RJ, Imbeaux F, Bibet P, Berger-By G, Bouquey F, Clary J, Darbos C, Ekedahl A, Hoang GT, Lennholm M, Maget P, Magne R, Ségui JL, Bruschi A, Granucci G. Synergy of electron-cyclotron and lower-hybrid current drive in steady-state plasmas. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:255002. [PMID: 15697903 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.255002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Improvement (up to a factor of approximately 4) of the electron-cyclotron (EC) current drive efficiency in plasmas sustained by lower-hybrid (LH) current drive has been demonstrated in stationary conditions on the Tore Supra tokamak. This was made possible by feedback controlled discharges at zero loop voltage, constant plasma current, and constant density. This effect, predicted by kinetic theory, results from a favorable interplay of the velocity space diffusions induced by the two waves: the EC wave pulling low-energy electrons out of the Maxwellian bulk, and the LH wave driving them to high parallel velocities.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Giruzzi
- Association Euratom-CEA, CEA/DSM/DRFC, CEA/Cadarache, 13108 St. Paul-lez-Durance, France
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10
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Giruzzi G, Imbeaux F, Ségui JL, Garbet X, Huysmans G, Artaud JF, Bécoulet A, Hoang GT, Litaudon X, Maget P, Saoutic B. New tokamak plasma regime with stationary temperature oscillations. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 91:135001. [PMID: 14525311 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.135001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
During noninductively driven discharges in the Tore Supra tokamak, steady sinusoidal oscillations of the central electron temperature, lasting as long as 2 min, have been observed for the first time. Having no helical structure, they cannot be ascribed to any known MHD instability. The most plausible explanation of this new phenomenon is that the plasma current density and the electron temperature evolve as a nonlinearly coupled predator-prey system. This interpretation is supported by the numerical solution of coupled resistive current diffusion and heat transport equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Giruzzi
- Association Euratom-CEA, CEA/DSM/DRFC, CEA/Cadarache, 13108 St. Paul-lez-Durance, France
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Eriksson LG, Fourment C, Fuchs V, Litaudon X, Challis CD, Crisanti F, Esposito B, Garbet X, Giroud C, Hawkes N, Maget P, Mazon D, Tresset G. Discharges in the JET tokamak where the safety factor profile is identified as the critical factor for triggering internal transport barriers. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:145001. [PMID: 11955153 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.145001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2000] [Revised: 11/28/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Joint European Torus discharges which demonstrate the critical role the safety factor profile, q, can play in the formation of internal transport barriers (ITB) are examined. In these discharges, the target parameters, including the E x B flows, were kept virtually the same, except for the q profile. In a discharge with a nonmonotonic q, an ITB was triggered whereas a discharge with monotone q made no such transition. Thus, there is strong evidence that the q profile was the critical factor for the triggering of an ITB. Possible interpretations of this finding are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-G Eriksson
- Association EURATOM-CEA sur la Fusion Contrôlée, CEA Cadarache, F-13108 St. Paul lez Durance, France
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Crisanti F, Litaudon X, Mailloux J, Mazon D, Barbato E, Baranov Y, Bécoulet A, Bécoulet M, Challis CD, Conway GD, Dux R, Eriksson LG, Esposito B, Frigione D, Hennequin P, Giroud C, Hawkes N, Huysmans G, Imbeaux F, Joffrin E, Lomas P, Lotte P, Maget P, Mantsinen M, Moreau D, Rimini F, Riva M, Sarazin Y, Tresset G, Tuccillo AA, Zastrow KD. JET quasistationary internal-transport-barrier operation with active control of the pressure profile. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:145004. [PMID: 11955156 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.145004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Quasistationary operation has been achieved on the Joint European Torus tokamak in internal-transport-barrier (ITB) scenarios, with the discharge time limited only by plant constraints. Full current drive was obtained over all the high performance phase by using lower hybrid current drive. For the first time feedback control on the total pressure and on the electron temperature profile was implemented by using, respectively, the neutral beams and the ion-cyclotron waves. Although impurity accumulation could be a problem in steady state ITBs, these experiments bring some elements to answer to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Crisanti
- Associazione EURATOM-ENEA sulla Fusione, Centro Ricerche Frascati, C.P. 65, 00044 Frascati, Italy
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