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Di Donato P, Giulini NA, Bacchi Modena A, Cicchetti G, Comitini G, Gentile G, Cristiani P, Careccia A, Esposito E, Gualdi F, Golinelli S, Bergamini E, Masellis G, Rastelli S, Gigli C, Elia A, Marchesoni D, Sticotti F, Del Frate G, Zompicchiatti C, Marino L, Costa MR, Pinto P, Dodero D, Storace A, Spinelli G, Quaranta S, Bossi CM, Ollago A, Omodei U, Vaccari M, Luerti M, Repetti F, Zandonini G, Raspagliesi F, Dolci F, Gambarino G, De Pasquale B, Polizzotti G, Borsellino G, Alpinelli P, Natale N, Colombo D, Belloni C, Viani A, Cecchini G, Vinci GW, Samaja BA, Pasinetti E, Penotti M, Ognissanti F, Pesando P, Malanetto C, Gallo M, Dolfin G, Tartaglino P, Mossotto D, Pistoni A, Tarani A, Rattazzi PD, Rossaro D, Campanella M, Arisi E, Gamper M, Salvatores D, Bocchin E, Stellin G, Meli G, Azzini V, Tirozzi F, Buoso G, Fraioli R, Marsoni V, Cetera C, Sposetti R, Candiotto E, Pignalosa R, Del Pup L, Bellati U, Angeloni C, Buonerba M, Garzarelli S, Santilli C, Mucci M, Di Nisio Q, Cappa F, Pierangeli I, Cordone A, Falasca L, Ferrante D, Serra GB, Cirese E, Todaro PA, Romanini C, Spagnuolo L, Lanzone A, Donadio C, Fabiani M, Baldaccini E, Votano S, Bellardini P, Favale W, Monti V, Bonomo A, Boninfante CE, Pietrobattista P, Massacesi L, Donini G, Del Savio F, Palombi L, Procaccioli P, Romani A, Romagnoli G, Genazzani AR, Gambacciani M, Scarselli G, Curiel P, De Leo V, Melani A, Levi D'Ancona V, Giarrè G, Di Gioia E, Ceccarelli P, Massi GB, Cosci S, Gacci G, Cascianini A, Donati Sarti C, Bircolotti S, Pupita P, Mincigrucci M, Spadafora A, Santeufemia G, Marongiu G, Lai GR, Lai R, Dessole S, D'Andrea SA, Chiantera A, Arienzo R, Pastore AR, Tamburrino A, Cardone A, Colacurci N, Izzo S, Tesauro R, Pascarella A, De Silvio MG, Di Prisco L, Lauda N, Sirimarco F, Agrimi C, Casarella G, Senatore G, Ronzini S, Ruccia G, De Carlo G, Pisaturo G, Carlomagno F, Fasolino A, Fiorillo F, Sorrentino R, Ercolano VB, Panariello S, Brun A, Tropea P, Stigliano CM, Amoroso A, Vadalà P, Coco A, Galati G, Barese G, Masciari G, Pirillo P, Gioffrè T, Mastrantonio P, Cardamone A, D'Angelo N, Valentino G, Barretta R, Ferraro G, Ferruccio C, Agostinelli D, Corrado G, Scopelliti A, Schonauer S, Trojano V, Bongiovanni F, Tinelli F, Poddi ER, Scarpello F, Colonna L, Fischetti G, Doria R, Trombetta G, Cocca EB, D'Amore A, Di Masi M, Liguori R, Dimaggio A, Laneve MR, Maolo MC, Gravina G, Nacci G, Nocera F, Lupo A, Giannola C, Graziano R, Mezzatesta M, Vegna G, Giannone G, Palumbo G, Cancellieri F, Mondo A, Cordopatri A, Carrubba M, Mazzola V, Cincotta L, D'Asta S, Bono A, Li Calsi L, Cavallaro Nigro S, Schilirò S, Repici A, Gullo D, Orlando A, Specchiale F, Papotto A, Giulia FV, Adige TA, D'Aosta V, Massacesi A, Chiantera A, Donati Sarti C, De Aloysio P, Omodei U, Ognissanti F, Campagnoli C, Penotti M, Gambacciani A, Graziottin A, Baldi C, Colacurci N, Corrado Tonti G, Parazzini F, Chatenoud L. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes in women attending menopause clinics in Italy: a cross-sectional study. Climacteric 2009; 8:287-93. [PMID: 16397927 DOI: 10.1080/13697130500196866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze risk factors for type 2 diabetes among women attending menopause clinics in Italy for counselling about the menopause. SUBJECTS Women attending a network of first-level outpatient menopause clinics in Italy for general counselling about menopause or treatment of menopausal symptoms. METHODS Cross-sectional study with no exclusion criteria. Type 2 diabetes was defined according to National Diabetes Data Groups Indications and the fasting blood glucose at an oral glucose tolerance test within the previous year. RESULTS Out of the 44 694 considered in this analysis, 808 had a diagnosis of diabetes type 2 (1.8%). In comparison with women aged < 50 years, the multivariate odds ratios (OR) of type 2 diabetes were 1.31 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.99-1.74) for women aged 50-52 years, 1.66 (95% CI, 1.27-2.17) at 53-56 years and 2.84 (95% CI, 2.20-3.67) in women aged > or = 57 years. Type 2 diabetes was less frequently reported in more educated women (OR high school/university vs. primary school = 0.44 (95% CI, 0.36-0.55)). Being overweight was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In comparison with women reporting a low level of physical activity, the multivariate OR of type 2 diabetes was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.54-0.84) for women reporting regular physical activity. In comparison with premenopausal women, the multivariate OR of type 2 diabetes was 1.38 (95% CI, 1.03-1.84) in women with natural menopause. This finding was present also after allowing for the potential confounding effect of age. The multivariate OR of diabetes for users of hormonal replacement therapy was 0.58 (95% CI, 0.46-0.73). CONCLUSIONS This large cross-sectional study suggests that postmenopausal women are at higher risk of type 2 diabetes after allowance for the effect of age. Other main determinants of risk of type 2 diabetes in women around menopause were low socioeconomic status and being overweight. Diabetes was found less frequently in those taking hormone replacement therapy.
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