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López-Giral N, López R, Santamaría P, González-Arenzana L, Garde-Cerdán T. Phenolic and colour characteristics of must and wine obtained from red grapes treated by pulsed electric fields. Efficacy of PEF to reduce maceration time in elaboration of red wines. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPulsed electric fields effect was studied on the physico-chemical and general phenolic composition as colour characteristics and stilbene content in must and wine. For this purpose, a continuous pulsed electric fields equipment was used to treat three red grape varieties of DOCa Rioja. Graciano, Tempranillo and Grenache wines from these grapes were elaborated with different maceration times, 2 days in the untreated sample (control) and the PEF-treated sample (PEF), and normal maceration time in another untreated sample (control-NM). Parameters as colour intensity, anthocyanin content, total polyphenol index and tannin content showed no differences between the PEF sample with 2 days of maceration and the control-NM sample, except in the case of Tempranillo wines. Total stilbenes, trans-resveratrol and trans-piceid of Graciano wines elaborated from PEF samples showed a higher concentration than the control wines. Alternatively, PEF wines and control-NM wines showed no differences between them. Tempranillo variety wines presented no differences between the three types of samples. In the Grenache variety, only trans-piceid levels showed differences between control and PEF wines. Moreover, relationship between must and wine characteristics was evaluated and compared between different samples. The trend lines obtained for the CI, TPI and AC parameters for samples of Graciano, Tempranillo and Garnacha indicate that the initial content of compounds extracted significantly affected the days of maceration necessary to obtain the appropriate wine. The results obtained increase the knowledge of pulsed electric fields as a technology available for use in the winery to elaborate red wines with reduced maceration time.
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Morata A, Arroyo T, Bañuelos MA, Blanco P, Briones A, Cantoral JM, Castrillo D, Cordero-Bueso G, Del Fresno JM, Escott C, Escribano-Viana R, Fernández-González M, Ferrer S, García M, González C, Gutiérrez AR, Loira I, Malfeito-Ferreira M, Martínez A, Pardo I, Ramírez M, Ruiz-Muñoz M, Santamaría P, Suárez-Lepe JA, Vilela A, Capozzi V. Wine yeast selection in the Iberian Peninsula: Saccharomyces and non- Saccharomyces as drivers of innovation in Spanish and Portuguese wine industries. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10899-10927. [PMID: 35687346 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2083574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Yeast selection for the wine industry in Spain started in 1950 for the understanding of the microbial ecology, and for the selection of optimal strains to improve the performance of alcoholic fermentation and the overall wine quality. This process has been strongly developed over the last 30 years, firstly on Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and, lately, with intense activity on non-Saccharomyces. Several thousand yeast strains have been isolated, identified and tested to select those with better performance and/or specific technological properties. The present review proposes a global survey of this massive ex-situ preservation of eukaryotic microorganisms, a reservoir of biotechnological solutions for the wine sector, overviewing relevant screenings that led to the selection of strains from 12 genera and 22 species of oenological significance. In the first part, the attention goes to the selection programmes related to relevant wine-producing areas (i.e. Douro, Extremadura, Galicia, La Mancha and Uclés, Ribera del Duero, Rioja, Sherry area, and Valencia). In the second part, the focus shifted on specific non-Saccharomyces genera/species selected from different Spanish and Portuguese regions, exploited to enhance particular attributes of the wines. A fil rouge of the dissertation is the design of tailored biotechnological solutions for wines typical of given geographic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morata
- EnotecUPM, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - T Arroyo
- Departamento de Investigación Agroalimentaria, IMIDRA, Finca El Encín, Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Bañuelos
- EnotecUPM, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Blanco
- Estación de Viticultura e Enoloxía de Galicia (EVEGA-AGACAL), Leiro, Ourense, Spain
| | - A Briones
- Tecnología de alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J M Cantoral
- Laboratorio de Microbiología. Dept. de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública. Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - D Castrillo
- Estación de Viticultura e Enoloxía de Galicia (EVEGA-AGACAL), Leiro, Ourense, Spain
| | - G Cordero-Bueso
- Laboratorio de Microbiología. Dept. de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública. Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - J M Del Fresno
- EnotecUPM, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Escott
- EnotecUPM, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Escribano-Viana
- Finca La Grajera, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC), Logroño, Spain
| | - M Fernández-González
- Tecnología de alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - S Ferrer
- ENOLAB, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - M García
- Departamento de Investigación Agroalimentaria, IMIDRA, Finca El Encín, Madrid, Spain
| | - C González
- EnotecUPM, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A R Gutiérrez
- Finca La Grajera, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC), Logroño, Spain
| | - I Loira
- EnotecUPM, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Malfeito-Ferreira
- Departamento Recursos Naturais Ambiente e Território (DRAT), Linking Landscape Environment Agriculture and Food Research Centre (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomía, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias (Edificio Antiguo Rectorado), Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - I Pardo
- ENOLAB, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Ramírez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias (Edificio Antiguo Rectorado), Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - M Ruiz-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Microbiología. Dept. de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública. Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - P Santamaría
- Finca La Grajera, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC), Logroño, Spain
| | - J A Suárez-Lepe
- EnotecUPM, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Vilela
- CQ-VR, Chemistry Research Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences (ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - V Capozzi
- National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, c/o CS-DAT, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Foggia, Italy
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Escribano R, González-Arenzana L, Portu J, Garijo P, López-Alfaro I, López R, Santamaría P, Gutiérrez AR. Wine aromatic compound production and fermentative behaviour within different non-Saccharomyces species and clones. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124:1521-1531. [PMID: 29457321 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Twenty-five enological yeasts belonging to nine different species (Candida zeylanoides, Cryptococcus uzbekistanensis, Debaryomyces hansenii, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Williopsis pratensis, Zygosaccharomyces bailii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were screened for aroma formation and fermentative behaviour as part of a non-Saccharomyces yeast selection programme. METHODS AND RESULTS Pure cultures were inoculated in pasteurized grape juice in order to perform alcoholic fermentations. Some non-Saccharomyces species did not ferment, others did not get established and none of them completed alcoholic fermentations. The physico-chemical parameters of the wines and the abundance of aromatic compounds at the end of alcoholic fermentation highlighted the notable differences in the aroma-forming ability and fermentative behaviour of the different non-Saccharomyces species, but not within clones. CONCLUSIONS Lower diversity was detected within non-Saccharomyces species than that reported in S. cerevisiae with regard to enological behaviour and aromatic profiles. Metschnikowia pulcherrima and L. thermotolerans are the two species with higher possibilities to become an inoculum. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Few significant differences were found within clones of the same species, but very important parameters in wine quality, such as volatile acidity, ethyl acetate and acetoin, which would justify selection programmes within those species. The results also demonstrated that T. delbrueckii and L. thermotolerans are two close species in their aromatic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Escribano
- ICVV, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC), Logroño, Spain
| | - L González-Arenzana
- ICVV, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC), Logroño, Spain
| | - J Portu
- ICVV, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC), Logroño, Spain
| | - P Garijo
- ICVV, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC), Logroño, Spain
| | - I López-Alfaro
- ICVV, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC), Logroño, Spain
| | - R López
- ICVV, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC), Logroño, Spain
| | - P Santamaría
- ICVV, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC), Logroño, Spain
| | - A R Gutiérrez
- ICVV, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC), Logroño, Spain
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Romero F, Guinot J, Santos M, Tortajada M, Santamaría P, Oliver L, Campo V, Arribas L. PO-0924: HDR boost in CT3 breast carcinoma with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and conserving therapy. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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González-Arenzana L, Garijo P, Berlanas C, López-Alfaro I, López R, Santamaría P, Gutiérrez AR. Genetic and phenotypic intraspecific variability of non-Saccharomyces yeasts populations from La Rioja winegrowing region (Spain). J Appl Microbiol 2017; 122:378-388. [PMID: 28084006 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the intraspecific genetic diversity within five non-Saccharomyces yeast species and the diversity in phenotypic characteristic related to their technological properties. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventy-one non-Saccharomyces yeasts isolated from different fermentations and facilities of the DOCa Rioja (Spain) belonging to five different wine species (Torulaspora delbrueckii, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Zygosaccharomyces bailii and Williopsis pratensis) were subjected to clonal characterization by RAPD-PCR, which evidenced wide diversity between them. They were also submitted to a screening for some oenological traits related to the improvement of the aroma of the wine and yeast development in musts. Strains within the same species showed different enzyme activities, tolerated different levels of SO2 and possessed different killer phenotypes. These characteristics made them adjust better or worse to specific vinification processes or wine quality criteria. CONCLUSIONS A significant genetic and phenotypic variation within the non-Saccharomyces species studied was found, which makes necessary to carry out a selection process in each one. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Williopsis pratensis, a species that has not been thoroughly explored, may deserve further consideration for oenological applications. Due to the wide range of variation within species, the strains adaptation to the SO2 levels in musts has to be taken into account in selection processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L González-Arenzana
- ICVV, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino, (Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC), Logroño, Spain
| | - P Garijo
- ICVV, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino, (Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC), Logroño, Spain
| | - C Berlanas
- ICVV, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino, (Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC), Logroño, Spain
| | - I López-Alfaro
- ICVV, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino, (Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC), Logroño, Spain
| | - R López
- ICVV, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino, (Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC), Logroño, Spain
| | - P Santamaría
- ICVV, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino, (Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC), Logroño, Spain
| | - A R Gutiérrez
- ICVV, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino, (Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC), Logroño, Spain
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Garde-Cerdán T, Santamaría P, Rubio-Bretón P, González-Arenzana L, López-Alfaro I, López R. Foliar application of proline, phenylalanine, and urea to Tempranillo vines: Effect on grape volatile composition and comparison with the use of commercial nitrogen fertilizers. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Garde-Cerdán T, López R, Portu J, González-Arenzana L, López-Alfaro I, Santamaría P. Study of the effects of proline, phenylalanine, and urea foliar application to Tempranillo vineyards on grape amino acid content. Comparison with commercial nitrogen fertilisers. Food Chem 2014; 163:136-41. [PMID: 24912708 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the influence of foliar application of different nitrogen sources on grape amino acid content. The nitrogen sources applied to Tempranillo grapevines were proline, phenylalanine, urea, and two commercial nitrogen fertilisers, both without and with amino acids in their formulations. All treatments were applied at veraison and one week later. Proline treatment did not affect the must nitrogen composition. However, phenylalanine and urea foliar application enhanced the plants' synthesis of most of the amino acids, producing similar effects. In addition, the spray of commercial nitrogen fertilisers over leaves also induced a rise in grape amino acid concentrations regardless of the presence or absence of amino acids in their formulation. The most effective treatments were phenylalanine and urea followed by nitrogen fertilisers. This finding is of oenological interest for improved must nitrogen composition, ensuring better fermentation kinetics and most likely enhancing wine quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Garde-Cerdán
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Gobierno de La Rioja-CSIC-Universidad de La Rioja), Ctra. Mendavia-Logroño NA 134, Km. 90, 26071 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
| | - R López
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Gobierno de La Rioja-CSIC-Universidad de La Rioja), Ctra. Mendavia-Logroño NA 134, Km. 90, 26071 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - J Portu
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Gobierno de La Rioja-CSIC-Universidad de La Rioja), Ctra. Mendavia-Logroño NA 134, Km. 90, 26071 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - L González-Arenzana
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Gobierno de La Rioja-CSIC-Universidad de La Rioja), Ctra. Mendavia-Logroño NA 134, Km. 90, 26071 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - I López-Alfaro
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Gobierno de La Rioja-CSIC-Universidad de La Rioja), Ctra. Mendavia-Logroño NA 134, Km. 90, 26071 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - P Santamaría
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Gobierno de La Rioja-CSIC-Universidad de La Rioja), Ctra. Mendavia-Logroño NA 134, Km. 90, 26071 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
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Ocón E, Garijo P, Sanz S, Olarte C, López R, Santamaría P, Gutiérrez A. Screening of yeast mycoflora in winery air samples and their risk of wine contamination. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Garde-Cerdán T, González-Arenzana L, López N, López R, Santamaría P, López-Alfaro I. Effect of different pulsed electric field treatments on the volatile composition of Graciano, Tempranillo and Grenache grape varieties. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ocón E, Garijo P, Santamaría P, López R, Olarte C, Gutiérrez A, Sanz S. Comparison of culture media for the recovery of airborne yeast in wineries. Lett Appl Microbiol 2013; 57:241-8. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Ocón
- Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación; Universidad de La Rioja; Logroño Spain
| | - P. Garijo
- ICVV; Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (Universidad de La Rioja CSIC Gobierno de La Rioja); Logroño Spain
| | - P. Santamaría
- ICVV; Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (Universidad de La Rioja CSIC Gobierno de La Rioja); Logroño Spain
| | - R. López
- ICVV; Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (Universidad de La Rioja CSIC Gobierno de La Rioja); Logroño Spain
| | - C. Olarte
- Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación; Universidad de La Rioja; Logroño Spain
| | - A.R. Gutiérrez
- ICVV; Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (Universidad de La Rioja CSIC Gobierno de La Rioja); Logroño Spain
| | - S. Sanz
- Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación; Universidad de La Rioja; Logroño Spain
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Mut A, Chust M, Arribas L, Samper J, Santamaría P, Carrizo V, Pesudo C, Cruz J, Lavernia J, Vendrell J. Reirradiation in head and neck cancer patients after recurrence or new primary tumors. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2013.03.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Ocón E, Garijo P, Sanz S, Olarte C, López R, Santamaría P, Gutiérrez A. Analysis of airborne yeast in one winery over a period of one year. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sardon H, Irusta L, Santamaría P, Fernández-Berridi MJ. Thermal and mechanical behaviour of self-curable waterborne hybrid polyurethanes functionalized with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES). J Polym Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-012-9956-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ocón E, Gutiérrez AR, Garijo P, Santamaría P, López R, Olarte C, Sanz S. Factors of influence in the distribution of mold in the air in a wine cellar. J Food Sci 2011; 76:M169-74. [PMID: 21535840 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02097.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This paper studies the presence of mold in the air of a vinification and ageing wine cellar. The influence of other factors such as the time of year, the sampling point, and the activity being carried out in the cellar has been analyzed. Neither the type of activity being carried out in the cellar nor the temperature or relative humidity fluctuations throughout the year are determining factors in the presence of mold in the air. For this group of microorganisms, the design of the cellar studied is the fundamental factor. Areas with little ventilation favor high levels of relative humidity and, hence, a higher presence of mold in the air. The mold population in these areas is not very diverse, which indicates that colonization by certain types of mold that have adapted to the conditions established therein is permanent. Areas with greater air flow, constant activity, and frequent cleaning show lower mold populations in the air and of a more varied composition. PRACTICAL APPLICATION This work shows that given the growing importance of the presence of mold in wine cellars, the design thereof should take into account suitable ventilation of all the areas and control of the relative humidity. Hence, the presence of traditional underground areas for ageing wine, which is justifiable in seasons where temperature and humidity control lead to major technical problems, should be reconsidered in the design of new wine cellars.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ocón
- Institute de las Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino, ICVV: University de La Rioja, Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC, Spain
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Santamaría P, Eguiazabal JI, Nazabal J. Dispersion and mechanical properties of a nanocomposite with an organoclay in an ionomer-compatibilized LDPE matrix. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ocón E, Gutiérrez AR, Garijo P, López R, Santamaría P. Presence of non-Saccharomyces yeasts in cellar equipment and grape juice during harvest time. Food Microbiol 2010; 27:1023-7. [PMID: 20832680 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2010.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the presence of different yeasts in the facilities of four wineries from the D.O.Ca. Rioja region in Spain. The study was conducted through the identification of the yeasts via the PCR-RFLP technique of the ITS region of rDNA. The diversity of non-Saccharomyces yeasts found in wineries has previously only been studied to a limited extent, despite the fact that these yeasts take part both in the start of spontaneous fermentation and in the changes which occur in the wines during their subsequent conservation. Most earlier studies carried out on cellar ecosystems have focussed on the clonal diversity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results obtained in this study indicated that the presence of non-Saccharomyces yeasts in facilities is higher than that of the S. cerevisiae, with percentages of over 60% in all the wineries analyzed. Yeasts belonging to 10 genera and 18 species were isolated, but the only genera present in all four wineries were Cryptococcus, Pichia, and Saccharomyces. The Zygosaccharomyces bailii yeast responsible for taint was detected in one cleaned winery, in both the winemaking equipment and the fermenting must. It was also noted that the quantity and type of yeasts present in the facilities are related to the product used for cleaning them. It is also necessary to point out that the cleaning of the cellars prior to the reception of the grapes does not completely eliminate the yeasts present, so that these can subsequently become part of the vinification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ocón
- ICVV, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino, Universidad de La Rioja, CSIC, Logroño, Spain.
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Garijo P, López R, Santamaría P, Ocón E, Olarte C, Sanz S, Gutiérrez AR. Presence of lactic bacteria in the air of a winery during the vinification period. Int J Food Microbiol 2009; 136:142-6. [PMID: 19740562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we have studied the presence and evolution in the winery air of the lactic bacteria responsible for malolactic fermentation. Sampling took place during the winemaking process (between September 2007 and July 2008) in a winery from the Rioja appellation in Spain. The results obtained indicated that the presence of these microorganisms in the atmosphere was detected when grapes were entering the winery, while malolactic fermentation was taking place, and when liquid containing bacteria was manipulated. The species and clones of the lactic bacteria identified were also related to those present in the vinification tanks at any given stage of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Garijo
- ICVV, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (CSIC, Gobierno de La Rioja), Logroño, Spain
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19
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López R, Epifanio S, Garijo P, Santamaría P, Gutiérrez AR. Effect of the addition of inert cellulose substrates to grape must on Saccharomyces cerevisiae diversity and the evolution of alcoholic fermentation. Lett Appl Microbiol 2006; 42:465-70. [PMID: 16620204 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2006.01877.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To study the addition of cellulose-based adjuvant as a resource to offset the negative effects produced by grape juice clarification during alcoholic fermentations. METHODS AND RESULTS The effect of the addition of two kinds of inert cellulose substrates in white wine vinification was investigated in two different musts. In one of these musts, stuck fermentations were detected. One of the types of cellulose examined had a fining effect, which caused a decrease in the number of viable yeasts in the medium and altered the distribution and frequency of the clones, which performed the fermentation. The other cellulose substrate made the medium cloudier but did not alter the distribution of yeasts in comparison with the control. CONCLUSIONS The behaviour of the inert cellulose substrates on vinification depends on its physical characteristics and its capacity for making the must cloudy. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The addition of inert cellulose substrates in white wine vinification improves the fermentation process and the quality of wines obtained. This effect is more noticeable in difficult fermentations. One variety of cellulose showed an inhibitory effect on Torulaspora delbrueckii yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- R López
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario de La Rioja, España, Spain
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20
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Abstract
The alkaloid (S)-(+)-1,2,9,10-tetramethoxyaporphine (glaucine) is a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor with bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. In this study, we examined the in vivo effects of glaucine on an animal model of asthma. In ovalbumin sensitized guinea pigs, inhaled glaucine (10 mg ml(-1), 3 min) inhibited the acute bronchoconstriction produced by aerosol antigen (antigen response was 256+/-42 and 95+/-14 cm H(2)O l(-1) s(-1) in control and glaucine-treated animals, respectively; P<0.05). Pretreatment with glaucine (10 mg ml(-1), 10 min inhalation, 30 min pre- and 3 h post-antigen exposure) markedly reduced airway hyperreactivity to histamine, eosinophil lung accumulation, and increased eosinophil peroxidase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 24 h after exposure of conscious guinea pigs to aerosol antigen. In addition, inhaled glaucine (5-10 mg ml(-1), 3 min) inhibited the microvascular leakage produced after inhaled antigen at all airway levels. These data support the potential interest of phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors in asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pons
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Medicina i Odontologia, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, E-46010, Valencia, Spain
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21
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Santamaría P. Genesis versus epigenesis: the odd jobs of the Polycomb group of genes. Int J Dev Biol 1998; 42:463-9. [PMID: 9654032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cells need the products of the Polycomb Group of genes (PcG) to keep, through development, the memory of their genetic determination. The pleiotropic mutant phenotypes of PcG genes strikingly resemble morphological traits, considered as taxonomic characters with phylogenetic meaning, used in Dipteran classification. I argue that spatial modulation of the multimeric complexes formed by PcG products has played a role or escorted the genesis of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Santamaría
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire du CNRS, Gif sur Yvette, France.
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22
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Santamaría P, Randsholt NB. Characterization of a region of the X chromosome of Drosophila including multi sex combs (mxc), a Polycomb group gene which also functions as a tumour suppressor. Mol Gen Genet 1995; 246:282-90. [PMID: 7854313 DOI: 10.1007/bf00288600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Genetic analysis of the 8D3;8D8-9 segment of the Drosophila melanogaster X chromosome has assigned seven complementation groups to this region, three of which are new. A Polycomb group (Pc-G) gene, multi sex combs (mxc), is characterized and mutant alleles are described. Besides common homeotic transformations characteristic of Pc-G mutants that mimic the ectopic gain of function of BX-C and ANT-C genes, mxc mutants show other phenotypes: they zygotically mimic, in males and females, the characteristic lack of germ line seen in progeny of some maternal effect mutants of the so-called posterior group (the grandchildless phenotype). Loss of normal mxc function can promote uncontrolled malignant growth which indicates a possible relationship between Pc-G genes and tumour suppressor genes. We propose that gain-of-function of genes normally repressed by the wild-type mxc product could, in mxc mutants, give rise to an incoherent signal which would be devoid of meaning in normal development. Such a signal could divert somatic and germ line development pathways, provoke the loss of cell affinities, but allow or promote growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Santamaría
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire du C.N.R.S., Gif sur Yvette, France
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23
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Bohn U, Aguiar J, Salinas J, Hernández MA, González G, Martin JA, Hemández J, Santamaría P. Preoperative treatment of esophageal cancer in stage II with carboplatin 5FU leucovorin radiotherapy and thymostimulin. Eur J Cancer 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0959-8049(93)91169-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
The effects of vanadate on the contractility of the guinea-pig isolated trachea was examined. Vanadate (0.1 mM) produced a sustained contraction that was abolished in Ca(2+)-free EGTA (0.1 mM)-containing physiological salt solution but was resistant to verapamil (1 microM). Vanadate (0.1 mM) depressed tracheal responses to CaCl2 (in Ca(2+)-free depolarizing solution), KCl, acetylcholine, histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine. For vanadate (10 microM), the inhibition of spasmogenic responses only reached statistical significance for histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine. Caffeine (1 mM)-induced spasm (trachea at 20 degrees C in the presence of indomethacin (2.8 microM)) was not affected by vanadate (10 microM-0.1 mM). Vanadate (0.1 mM) slightly depressed the responses to KCl (50 mM), acetylcholine (1 mM), histamine (1 mM) or 5-hydroxytryptamine (0.1 mM) observed in Ca(2+)-free EGTA (0.1 mM)-containing physiological salt solution. Vanadate (0.5 mM) depressed Ca2+ (20 microM)-induced contraction of trachea which had been chemically skinned of its plasmalemmal membranes. The mechanism of the inhibitory effect of vanadate on tracheal responses to a variety of spasmogens remains obscure, but, under in-vitro conditions, vanadate clearly does not induce hyper-reactivity of airway smooth muscle to spasmogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cortijo
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultat de Medicina i Odontologia, Universitat de Valéncia, Spain
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Jaureguizar E, López Pereira P, Santamaría P, Valdés R. [Vaginal ureteral ectopia associated with hydrocolpos and renal dysplasia]. ARCH ESP UROL 1987; 40:501-4. [PMID: 3688995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Sánchez M, Santamaría P, Omeñaca F. [Hydrops fetalis caused by endocardial fibroelastosis of the familial type]. An Esp Pediatr 1987; 27:59-61. [PMID: 3662256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Sánchez
- Hospital Infantil La Paz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid
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Fiol C, Pintó X, Santamaría P, Simeón JM, Capdevila JM. Anomalous apoprotein E isoforms in peripheral arteriopathy. Clin Chem 1987; 33:417. [PMID: 3815813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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González-García JJ, Vicandi B, Peña JM, García Alegría J, Lorente JA, Domínguez A, Santamaría P, Picazo ML. [Discriminative value of potassium permanganate staining in systemic amyloidosis]. Rev Clin Esp 1987; 180:132-5. [PMID: 2437621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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30
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Feliu J, Díaz MA, García de Paredes ML, Santamaría P. [Cutaneous infiltration in Hodgkin's disease]. Rev Clin Esp 1986; 179:222-3. [PMID: 3764015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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31
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Garza E, González P, Suárez JM, Santamaría P. [Whipple's disease]. Med Clin (Barc) 1986; 87:259. [PMID: 2426532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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32
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Oliver G, Valle F, Rosetti F, Gómez-Pedrozo M, Santamaría P, Gosset G, Bolivar F. A common precursor for the two subunits of the penicillin acylase from Escherichia coli ATCC11105. Gene X 1985; 40:9-14. [PMID: 3005131 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(85)90018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Penicillin acylase (PA) is an industrial enzyme that is used to convert penicillin G into a precursor for semisynthetic penicillins. We have cloned a segment of DNA that codes for the two subunits required for PA activity. We also report the nucleotide sequence of a DNA fragment that codes for (i) the small subunit, (ii) the N-terminal region of the large subunit and (iii) a putative connecting peptide. These results confirm the existence of a common precursor for both peptides.
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Abstract
Since the observation by Bridges of a few mosaics containing haploid tissue in Drosophila, specimens supposedly haploid have rarely been found. A technique for the easy production of haploid animals or tissues could have important applications. We have now successfully designed such a technique by the production of chimaeras obtained by transplantation of haploid nuclei from a maternal effect mutant that produces haploid embryos. We have used this technique to test the proposal of Jack and Judd that the zeste locus of Drosophila melanogaster cannot repress the activity of unpaired alleles at the white locus.
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Abstract
Embryos of the D. melanogaster strain producing gynandromorphs by loss of the ring-X chromosome were treated with vinblastine to obtain blastoderms with all mitoses arrested in metaphase, and with tetracaine to improve the resolution of chromosomes. Ring-X and ringless mitoses were recorded in the major part of the blastoderm in 18 eggs. Limits between females and male areas were very irregular and some embryos had several isolated areas of one type or the other. The proportion of male nuclei varied from 80.8 to 0.4%, indicating that there must have been more than one loss of the ring-X in most of the eggs and that losses occurred as late as the ninth division. When the percentages of male nuclei were compared with theoretical values, all the observed percentages could be accounted for by two losses. In early cleavages the lost ring could be found halfway between ringless mitoses. Examination of chromosomes in the three polar nuclei showed that the ring often remained undivided in meiosis. If the resulting ringless haploid group became a female pronucleus, an XO or YO embryo was produced after fertilization. We propose a hypothesis to explain the two losses.
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Santamaría P. Heat shock induced phenocopies of dominant mutants of the bithorax complex in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Gen Genet 1979; 172:161-3. [PMID: 113643 DOI: 10.1007/bf00268277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock of 37 degrees C applied to Drosophila embryos at blastoderm stage induces phenocopies of some dominant mutants of the bithorax complex. Heat shock might shut down functions of cis regulator genes involved in embryonic pattern formation.
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