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Sunish IP, Shriram AN, Sivan A, PremKumar A, Khan ZA, Vidhya PT, De A, Vijayachari P. Elimination of diurnally subperiodic lymphatic filariasis in remote islands of the Bay of Bengal, inhabited by the Nicobarese: do we have the strategy to complete the job? Public Health 2015; 134:95-7. [PMID: 26710664 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I P Sunish
- Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Field Unit, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt of India, Perka Village, Car Nicobar 744 301, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India.
| | - A N Shriram
- Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt of India, Post Bag No.13, Port Blair 744 101, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India.
| | - A Sivan
- Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt of India, Post Bag No.13, Port Blair 744 101, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India.
| | - A PremKumar
- Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Field Unit, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt of India, Kamorta, Nancowry Tehsil Nancowrie 744 303, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India.
| | - Z A Khan
- Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Field Unit, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt of India, Perka Village, Car Nicobar 744 301, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India.
| | - P T Vidhya
- Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt of India, Post Bag No.13, Port Blair 744 101, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India.
| | - Amitabha De
- Directorate of Health Services, Andaman and Nicobar Administration, Port Blair 744 102, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India.
| | - P Vijayachari
- Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt of India, Post Bag No.13, Port Blair 744 101, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India.
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Sivan A, Shriram AN, Sunish IP, Vidhya PT. Studies on insecticide susceptibility of Aedes aegypti (Linn) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) vectors of dengue and chikungunya in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:4693-702. [PMID: 26344869 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4717-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Dengue and chikungunya are important arboviral infections in the Andaman Islands. Competent vectors viz. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are widely prevalent. The most effective proven method for interrupting the transmission of these arboviruses is vector control, mediated through insecticides. Currently, DDT and temephos are the insecticides used for vector control in these islands. Lack of information on susceptibility necessitated assessing the susceptibility profile of A. aegypti and A. albopictus. F1 generation of adult and larvae were assayed, and LT50 and LT90 values were interpreted following the World Health Organization (WHO) protocol. Adults were found resistant to DDT-4 % while susceptible to dieldrin-0.4 %. Against organophosphates, both showed resistance to fenitrothion but susceptible to malathion-5 %. Both species showed resistance to carbamate and bendiocarb-0.1 % while susceptible to propoxur-0.1 %. Of the four synthetic pyrethroids, both were susceptible to deltamethrin-0.05 %, while resistant to permethrin-0.75 %, lambdacyhalothrin-0.05 % and cyfluthrin-0.15 %. Larvae of both species showed resistance to temephos at 0.02 mg/L but susceptible to malathion at 1 mg/L and fenthion at 0.05 mg/L. Currently, there is no prescribed WHO dose for adult-insecticide susceptibility testing. The emergence of resistance to DDT and temephos in the vector population poses a challenge to the on-going vector control measures. The results highlight the need for monitoring resistance to insecticides in the vector population. Impetus for source reduction and alternative choices of control measures are discussed for tackling future threat of arboviral infections in these islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sivan
- Department of Health Research (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Post Bag No.13, Port Blair, 744 101, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.
| | - A N Shriram
- Department of Health Research (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Post Bag No.13, Port Blair, 744 101, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.
| | - I P Sunish
- Department of Health Research (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Post Bag No.13, Port Blair, 744 101, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.
| | - P T Vidhya
- Department of Health Research (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India), Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Post Bag No.13, Port Blair, 744 101, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.
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Sivan A, Shriram AN, Sunish IP, Vidhya PT. Host-feeding pattern of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in heterogeneous landscapes of South Andaman, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Parasitol Res 2015. [PMID: 26220560 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4634-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mosquito foraging behavior is a determinant of host-vector contact and has an impact on the risk of arboviral epidemics. Therefore, blood-feeding patterns is a useful tool for assessing the role in pathogen transmission by vector mosquitoes. Competent vectors of dengue and chikungunya viz. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are widely prevalent in the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago. Considering the vector potential, medical importance of both these mosquito species and lack of information on host-feeding patterns, blood meal analysis of both these vector mosquitoes was undertaken. Biogents Sentinel traps were used for sampling blooded mosquitoes, for identifying the source of blood meal by agar gel-precipitin test. We identified vertebrate source of 147 and 104 blood meals in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus from heterogeneous landscapes in South Andaman district. Results revealed that Ae. aegypti (88 %) and Ae. albopictus (49 %) fed on human and a small proportion on mammals and fowls, indicative of predominance of anthropophilism. Ae. aegypti predominantly fed on human blood (94.2 %-densely built urban, 89.8 %-low vegetation coverage, and 78.3 %-medium vegetation coverage). Anthropophilism in Ae. albopictus was maximal in densely built urban (90.5 %) and progressively decreased from low vegetation-vegetation/forested continuum (66.7, 36.4, and 8.7 %), indicating plasticity in feeding across these landscapes. Epidemiological significance of the findings is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sivan
- Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Post Bag No.13, Port Blair, 744 101, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India,
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