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Gilmore N, Loh K, Sohn M, Mohile S, Vertino P, Liu S, Hu Q, Onitilo A, Corso S, Cole S, Yao S, Janelsins M. Longitudinal effects of chemotherapy on peripheral blood epigenetic age in patients with breast cancer. J Geriatr Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1879-4068(21)00353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gu Y, Xu K, Torre C, Samur M, Barwick BG, Rupji M, Arora J, Neri P, Kaufman J, Nooka A, Bernal-Mizrachi L, Vertino P, Sun SY, Chen J, Munshi N, Fu H, Kowalski J, Boise LH, Lonial S. 14-3-3ζ binds the proteasome, limits proteolytic function and enhances sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors. Leukemia 2017; 32:744-751. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Konen J, Summerbell E, Dwivedi B, Galior K, Hou Y, Rusnak L, Chen A, Saltz J, Zhou W, Boise LH, Vertino P, Cooper L, Salaita K, Kowalski J, Marcus AI. Image-guided genomics of phenotypically heterogeneous populations reveals vascular signalling during symbiotic collective cancer invasion. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15078. [PMID: 28497793 PMCID: PMC5437311 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic heterogeneity is widely observed in cancer cell populations. Here, to probe this heterogeneity, we developed an image-guided genomics technique termed spatiotemporal genomic and cellular analysis (SaGA) that allows for precise selection and amplification of living and rare cells. SaGA was used on collectively invading 3D cancer cell packs to create purified leader and follower cell lines. The leader cell cultures are phenotypically stable and highly invasive in contrast to follower cultures, which show phenotypic plasticity over time and minimally invade in a sheet-like pattern. Genomic and molecular interrogation reveals an atypical VEGF-based vasculogenesis signalling that facilitates recruitment of follower cells but not for leader cell motility itself, which instead utilizes focal adhesion kinase-fibronectin signalling. While leader cells provide an escape mechanism for followers, follower cells in turn provide leaders with increased growth and survival. These data support a symbiotic model of collective invasion where phenotypically distinct cell types cooperate to promote their escape. The mechanisms linking phenotypic heterogeneity to collective cancer invasion are unclear. Here the authors develop an image-guided genomic technique to select and amplify leader and follower cells from in vitro invading cell packs and find a cooperative symbiotic relationship between these two cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Konen
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - E Summerbell
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - B Dwivedi
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - K Galior
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 506 Atwood Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Y Hou
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - L Rusnak
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - A Chen
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - J Saltz
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - W Zhou
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - L H Boise
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - P Vertino
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - L Cooper
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - K Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 506 Atwood Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - J Kowalski
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - A I Marcus
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Gaudette BT, Dwivedi B, Chitta KS, Poulain S, Powell D, Vertino P, Leleu X, Lonial S, Chanan-Khan AA, Kowalski J, Boise LH. Low expression of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins sets the apoptotic threshold in Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Oncogene 2015; 35:479-90. [PMID: 25893290 PMCID: PMC4874246 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a proliferative disorder of IgM-secreting, lymphoplasmacytoid cells that inhabit the lymph nodes and bone marrow. The disease carries a high prevalence of activating mutations in MyD88 (91%) and CXCR4 (28%). Because signaling through these pathways leads to Bcl-xL induction, we examined Bcl-2 family expression in WM patients and cell lines. Unlike other B-lymphocyte-derived malignancies, which become dependent on expression of anti-apoptotic proteins to counter expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, WM samples expressed both pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins at low levels similar to their normal B-cell and plasma cell counterparts. Three WM cell lines expressed pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bim or Bax and Bak at low levels, which determined their sensitivity to inducers of intrinsic apoptosis. In two cell lines, miR-155 upregulation, which is common in WM, was responsible for the inhibition of FOXO3a and Bim expression. Both antagonizing miR-155 to induce Bim and proteasome inhibition increased the sensitivity to ABT-737 in these lines indicating a lowering of the apoptotic threshold. In this manner, treatments that increase pro-apoptotic protein expression increase the efficacy of agents treated in combination in addition to direct killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Gaudette
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - B Dwivedi
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K S Chitta
- Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - S Poulain
- Service d'Hématologie Immunologie Cytogénétique, Hopital de Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France
| | - D Powell
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - P Vertino
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - X Leleu
- Service des Maladies du Sang, Hopital Claude Huriez, CHRU Lille, Lille, France
| | - S Lonial
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - J Kowalski
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - L H Boise
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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De Aguirre I, Zhong D, Zhou W, Rosell R, Vertino P. PD-008 LKB1/AMPK/TSC2 signaling pathway alterations in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(05)80340-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Mikovits JA, Young HA, Vertino P, Issa JP, Pitha PM, Turcoski-Corrales S, Taub DD, Petrow CL, Baylin SB, Ruscetti FW. Infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 upregulates DNA methyltransferase, resulting in de novo methylation of the gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) promoter and subsequent downregulation of IFN-gamma production. Mol Cell Biol 1998; 18:5166-77. [PMID: 9710601 PMCID: PMC109102 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.18.9.5166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/1998] [Accepted: 06/23/1998] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response to pathogens is regulated by a delicate balance of cytokines. The dysregulation of cytokine gene expression, including interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), following human retrovirus infection is well documented. One process by which such gene expression may be modulated is altered DNA methylation. In subsets of T-helper cells, the expression of IFN-gamma, a cytokine important to the immune response to viral infection, is regulated in part by DNA methylation such that mRNA expression inversely correlates with the methylation status of the promoter. Of the many possible genes whose methylation status could be affected by viral infection, we examined the IFN-gamma gene as a candidate. We show here that acute infection of cells with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) results in (i) increased DNA methyltransferase expression and activity, (ii) an overall increase in methylation of DNA in infected cells, and (iii) the de novo methylation of a CpG dinucleotide in the IFN-gamma gene promoter, resulting in the subsequent downregulation of expression of this cytokine. The introduction of an antisense methyltransferase construct into lymphoid cells resulted in markedly decreased methyltransferase expression, hypomethylation throughout the IFN-gamma gene, and increased IFN-gamma production, demonstrating a direct link between methyltransferase and IFN-gamma gene expression. The ability of increased DNA methyltransferase activity to downregulate the expression of genes like the IFN-gamma gene may be one of the mechanisms for dysfunction of T cells in HIV-1-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Mikovits
- Intramural Research Support Program, SAIC Frederick, Division of Basic Sciences, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick Maryland 21702-1201, USA.
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Regenass U, Caravatti G, Mett H, Stanek J, Schneider P, Müller M, Matter A, Vertino P, Porter CW. New S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase inhibitors with potent antitumor activity. Cancer Res 1992; 52:4712-8. [PMID: 1511437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG) has been studied clinically as an antitumor and antileukemic agent and is recognized as a potent but nonspecific inhibitor of the key polyamine biosynthetic enzyme, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC). A series of four SAMDC inhibitors with structural features similar to MGBG have been found to have improved potency and specificity toward the target enzyme, SAMDC. Relative to MGBG, the new derivatives were much more effective in inhibiting partially purified preparations of SAMDC (50% inhibitory concentration, 10 to 100 nM), much less effective at inhibiting diamine oxidase, and inactive toward ornithine decarboxylase. The inhibitors varied relative to MGBG in their ability to compete with spermidine for uptake, with two being similar and two being less effective. Against L1210 leukemic cells and T24 bladder carcinoma cells, the compounds were slightly less effective than MGBG at inhibiting cell growth, with 50% inhibitory concentration values of 1 to 10 microM as compared with 0.5 and 1.1 microM, respectively, for MGBG. Under 50% growth-inhibitory conditions, the inhibitors decreased SAMDC activity, increased ornithine decarboxylase activity and putrescine pools, and markedly depleted spermidine and spermine pools of L1210 cells. At the same time, mitochondrial integrity as assessed by whole-cell pyruvate oxidation and mitochondrial DNA content was not affected as it was with MGBG. At doses less than one tenth that of the maximally tolerated dose, all of the new inhibitors strongly suppressed the growth of B16 melanoma in vivo with minimal weight loss or toxicity. At doses less than one sixth the maximally tolerated dose, they effectively inhibited the growth of T24 human bladder carcinoma xenografts. In these same systems, MGBG showed only marginal antitumor activity. These studies identify two potent and efficacious inhibitors of SAMDC as potential antitumor agents and reaffirm the importance of SAMDC as a target in anticancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Regenass
- Research Department, CIBA-GEIGY, Limited, Basel, Switzerland
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Baylin SB, Makos M, Wu JJ, Yen RW, de Bustros A, Vertino P, Nelkin BD. Abnormal patterns of DNA methylation in human neoplasia: potential consequences for tumor progression. Cancer Cells 1991; 3:383-90. [PMID: 1777359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An imbalance of DNA methylation, involving widespread hypomethylation, regional hypermethylation and increased cellular capacity for methylation, is characteristic of human neoplasia. This imbalance begins in preneoplastic cells and becomes more extensive throughout subsequent stages of tumor progression. In normal cells, a primary function of DNA methylation may be to modulate compartmentalization of DNA to ensure that regional areas of transcriptionally active chromatin replicate earlier than the bulk transcriptionally inactive chromatin. We argue here that the altered methylation patterns observed during tumor progression, especially regional hypermethylation, may mark--or even help to establish--abnormalities of chromatin organization. In turn, these changes in chromatin structure may, through direct transcriptional inactivation of genes, predisposition to mutations, and allelic deletions, mediate the progressive losses of gene expression associated with tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Baylin
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
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