FAANG, establishing metadata standards, validation and best practices for the farmed and companion animal community

The Functional Annotation of ANimal Genomes (FAANG) project aims, through a coordinated international effort, to provide high quality functional annotation of animal genomes with an initial focus on farmed and companion animals. A key goal of the initiative is to ensure high quality and rich supporting metadata to describe the project's animals, specimens, cell cultures and experimental assays. By defining rich sample and experimental metadata standards and promoting best practices in data descriptions, deposition and openness, FAANG champions higher quality and reusability of published datasets. FAANG has established a Data Coordination Centre, which sits at the heart of the Metadata and Data Sharing Committee. It continues to evolve the metadata standards, support submissions and, crucially, create powerful and accessible tools to support deposition and validation of metadata. FAANG conforms to the findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) data principles, with high quality, open access and functionally interlinked data. In addition to data generated by FAANG members and specific FAANG projects, existing datasets that meet the main—or more permissive legacy—standards are incorporated into a central, focused, functional data resource portal for the entire farmed and companion animal community. Through clear and effective metadata standards, validation and conversion software, combined with promotion of best practices in metadata implementation, FAANG aims to maximise effectiveness and inter‐comparability of assay data. This supports the community to create a rich genome‐to‐phenotype resource and promotes continuing improvements in animal data standards as a whole.

Imidazo[1,2-b]Pyridazines. XXI. Syntheses of Some 3-Acylaminomethyl-6-(chloro, fluoro, methoxy, methylthio, phenoxy and phenylthio)-2-(phenyl, 4-t-butylphenyl, 4-cyclohexylphenyl, β-naphthyl and styryl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines and Their Interaction With Central and Peripheral-Type Benzodiazepine Receptors

Some 3-(aliphatic and aromatic) acylaminomethyl derivatives of 6-( chloro, fluoro, methoxy, methylthio, phenoxy and phenylthio )-2-(phenyl, 4-t-butylphenyl, 4-cyclohexylphenyl, β- naphthyl and styryl ) imidazo [1,2-b] pyridazines have been prepared and tested for binding to central benzodiazepine receptors present in rat brain membrane, and to peripheral-type (mitochondrial) benzodiazepine receptors present in rat kidney membrane. Some of these compounds which contained 2-(4-t-butylphenyl, 4-cyclohexylphenyl and styryl ) substituents bound strongly and selectively to peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors. For example, 2-(4′-t-butylphenyl)-6-chloro-2-(4″-fluorobenzamidomethyl) imidazo [1,2-b] pyridazine in tests for the displacement of [3H]diazepam from both peripheral-type and central benzodiazepine receptors gave IC50 <1.0 nM and 9% displacement at 1000 nM , respectively. Steric effects appeared to be more restrictive in the interaction of these ligands with central benzodiazepine receptors rather than with peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors; X-ray structure analyses of two typical compounds are reported.

Ligands for the Central Benzodiazepine Receptor: Structure - Affinity Relationship Studies on Imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines

Seventy-six imidazo [1,2-b] pyridazines and some bicyclic isomers have been analysed and compared in terms of geometric and electronic requirements for binding to central benzodiazepine receptors. The binding sites identified for these compounds by molecular modelling are consistent with known benzodiazepine receptor- ligand interaction models. However, for the most active compounds, additional binding sites are proposed.

Imidazo[1,2-b]Pyridazines. XVIII. Syntheses and Central Nervous System Activities of Some 6-, 7- and 8-(Chloro and methoxy)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine Analogs

Syntheses are reported for some 2-aryl-3-(benzamidomethyl and methoxy)-6(7 and 8)-chloro- and 6(and 8)-methoxy-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines. In tests of the ability of these compounds to displace [3H]diazepam from rat brain membrane, those with 6-chloro and 6-methoxy groups bound most strongly, and relatively small differences only were observed between corresponding imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines.

Imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines. XVII. Synthesis and Central Nervous System Activity of Some 6-(Alkylthio and chloro)-3-(methoxy, unsubstituted and benzamidomethyl)-2-arylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines Containing Methoxy, Methylenedioxy and Methyl Substituents

Syntheses are reported for 6-( methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, substituted benzylthio and chloro )-3-( methoxy, unsubstituted and benzamidomethyl )-2-arylimidazo[1,2-b] pyridazines containing methoxy, methylenedioxy and methyl groups attached to phenyl substituents . In tests of the ability of these compounds to displace [3H]diazepam from rat brain membranes, 3-methoxy-6-(3′,4′-methylenedioxybenzylthio)-2- (3′,4′-methylenedioxyphenyl) imidazo [1,2-b] pyridazine (IC50 1 nM) bound most strongly; methylenedioxy groups were beneficial to activity whereas polymethoxy or dimethyl substituents were generally detrimental.

Imidazo[1,2-b]Pyridazines. XVI. Synthesis and Central Nervous System Activities of Some 6-(Chloro, Alkylthio, Phenylthio, Benzylthio or Pyridinylmethylthio)-3-(unsubstituted, benzamidomethyl or methoxy)-2-(styryl or benzoyl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines

Some 6-( chloro, alkylthio, phenylthio, benzylthio or pyridinylmethylthio )-3-( unsubstituted , benzamidomethyl or methoxy )-2-styrylimidazo[1,2-b] pyridazines and 6-chloro-3-( unsubstituted and benzamidomethyl )-2-benzoylimidazo[1,2-b] pyridazines have been prepared and tested for their ability to displace [3H]diazepam from rat brain plasma membranes. The structures of 6-chloro-2-benzoyl[and 6-fluoro-2-(4′-tolyl)] imidazo [1,2-b] pyridazine have been confirmed by X-ray analyses. The reactions of 6-methylthio(and 6-phenylthio)pyridazin-3-amines with 3-bromo-1-phenylpropane-1,2-dione also have been investigated. The 6-substituted 3-unsubstituted 2-styryl(and benzoyl ) imidazo [1,2-b] pyridazines did not bind strongly to rat brain benzodiazepine receptors; nor did the 3-benzamidomethyl or 3-methoxy derivatives (cf. the 2-phenyl analogues). However, 3-benzamidomethyl-6-(pyridin-3-ylmethylthio)-2-styrylimidazo[1,2-b] pyridazine was an exception with IC50 68 nM.

Imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines. XV. Synthesis and Anxiolytic Activity of Some 3-(Benzamidomethyl and fluorobenzamidomethyl)-6-(fluoro, chloro and methylthio)-2-(4-tolyl and 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines

Syntheses are reported for some 3-( benzamido-and fluorobenzamido -methyl)-6-( fluoro , chloro and methylthio )-2(4-methyl-, 4-t-butyl-, 4-cyclohexyl- and 3,4-methylenedioxy-phenyl) imidazo-[1,2-b] pyridazines from the relevant 3-unsubstituted imidazo [1,2-b] pyridazines and the N-( hydroxymethyl ) benzamides. In tests of the ability of these compounds to displace [3H]diazepam from rat brain membrane, 3-(3- or 4-fluorobenzamidomethyl)-2-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-6-methylthioimidazo[1,2-b]- pyridazine bound most strongly, with IC50 2nM; but in behavioural tests in rats the most active compounds were 6-chloro(and methylthio )-3-(2-fluorobenzamidomethyl)-2-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl) imidazo [1,2-b] pyridazines which showed a significant anxiolytic activity at 2.5 mg/kg.