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Relationships of Echium plantagineum L. bee pollen, dietary flavonoids and their colonic metabolites with cytochrome P450 enzymes and oxidative stress. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26736f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Echium plantagineumL. bee pollen is a dietary source of flavonoids, which can play a protective role in the gastrointestinal tract by modulating cytochrome P450 (CYP) biotransformation enzymes and by opposing oxidative stress.
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2
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Fatty acids from edible sea hares: anti-inflammatory capacity in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells involves iNOS modulation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14333g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The inclusion of marine organisms in the diet is gaining importance due to their richness in health beneficial nutrients.
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Pennyroyal and gastrointestinal cells: multi-target protection of phenolic compounds against t-BHP-induced toxicity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02710a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pennyroyal infusion maintains gastrointestinal cells antioxidant balance.
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The use of flavonoids in central nervous system disorders. Curr Med Chem 2014; 20:4694-719. [PMID: 23834189 DOI: 10.2174/09298673113209990155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative, neurological and psychiatric diseases are a group of pathologies with huge social and economic impacts. Since brain disorders continue to be pathological conditions for which corrective surgery cannot be widely used, treatments are based on drugs that only alleviate the symptoms. Despite all efforts in finding more efficient therapeutic agents, the requirement for neuroprotective drugs able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been a hard challenge to overcome. Flavonoids are known by their antioxidant activities thus preventing oxidative stress, which is believe to be one of the causes of disorders affecting the central nervous system. Moreover, they can also modulate both enzymes and receptors activities, being regarded as multi-target botanical therapeutics or drugs. This review will give emphasis to the benefits of flavonoids found in the diet in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, depression, and schizophrenia. The antioxidant effect of several flavonoids, as well as their effects not related with antioxidant activity, in the above mentioned diseases will be reviewed. Aspects concerning structure-activity relationships, but also the bioavailability of these compounds in the brain will be referred.
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Alzheimer's disease and antioxidant therapy: how long how far? Curr Med Chem 2014; 20:2939-52. [PMID: 23409717 DOI: 10.2174/1871523011320240001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become a health problem to societies worldwide affecting millions of people. AD normally ensues in middle and late life but its specific cause remains unknown. Besides amyloid-β deposition and hyperphosphorylated tau protein, increased production of reactive species (RS) has also been described to be a hallmark in early steps of this disorder. Antioxidant therapy has received considerable attention over the last years as a promising approach to delay or slow the neurodegeneration progression in AD either by boosting the pool of endogenous antioxidants (e.g.vitamins, coenzyme Q10 or melatonin) or by the intake of dietary antioxidants, such as phenolic compounds of flavonoid or non-flavonoid type. However, the majority of antioxidants studied so far have limited success in clinical trials, a fact that could be related to their poor distribution and with the inherent difficulties to cross the blood brain barrier and attain the target sites. Despite the evidence that different classes of antioxidants are neuroprotectants in vitro, the clinical data is not consistent. Alzheimer's disease and antioxidant therapy is still an open question: the research is far from the end but the success may not be so time-consuming if the data obtained so far are gathered and rationally analyzed either by checking new targets or by the obtention of new and effective compounds, for instance by the rational modification of the previous ones.
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Diretrizes Brasileiras de Antiagregantes Plaquetários e Anticoagulantes em Cardiologia. Arq Bras Cardiol 2013; 101:1-95. [DOI: 10.5935/abc.2013s009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Novel OTOA mutations cause autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing impairment in Pakistani families. Clin Genet 2012; 84:294-6. [PMID: 23173898 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Novel TMPRSS3 variants in Pakistani families with autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing impairment. Clin Genet 2011; 82:56-63. [PMID: 21534946 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01695.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the TMPRSS3 gene are known to cause autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing impairment (ARNSHI). After undergoing a genome scan, 10 consanguineous Pakistani families with ARNSHI were found to have significant or suggestive evidence of linkage to the TMPRSS3 region. In order to elucidate if the TMPRSS3 gene is responsible for ARNSHI in these families, the gene was sequenced using DNA samples from these families. Six TMPRSS3 variants were found to cosegregate in 10 families. None of these variants were detected in 500 control chromosomes. Four novel variants, three of which are missense [c.310G>A (p.Glu104Lys), c.767C>T (p.Ala256Val) and c.1273T>C (p.Cys425Arg)] and one nonsense [c.310G>T (p.Glu104Stop)], were identified. The pathogenicity of novel missense variants was investigated through bioinformatics analyses. Additionally, the previously reported deletion c.208delC (p.His70ThrfsX19) was identified in one family and the known mutation c.1219T>C (p.Cys407Arg) was found in five families, which makes c.1219T>C (p.Cys407Arg) as the most common TMPRSS3 mutation within the Pakistani population. Identification of these novel variants lends support to the importance of elements within the low-density lipoprotein receptor A (LDLRA) and serine protease domains in structural stability, ligand binding and proteolytic activity for proper TMPRSS3 function within the inner ear.
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Water extracts of Brassica oleracea var. costata potentiate paraquat toxicity to rat hepatocytes in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 23:1131-8. [PMID: 19486935 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 05/02/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Tronchuda cabbage extracts have been proven to have antioxidant potential against various oxidative species in cell free systems, though its antioxidant potential in cellular models remained to be demonstrated. In the present study, we used primary cultures of rat hepatocytes for the cellular assay system and paraquat PQ exposure as a pro-oxidant model agent, to test whether tronchuda cabbage hydrolysed water extracts provide protective or aggravating effects towards PQ-induced oxidative stress and cell death. For this purpose cellular parameters related to oxidative stress were measured, namely the generation of superoxide anion, glutathione oxidation, lipid peroxidation, intracellular ATP levels, activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), activity of antioxidant enzymes, and cell death. The obtained results demonstrated that the studied hydrolysed water extracts of tronchuda cabbage, especially rich in kaempferol (84%) and other polyphenols, namely hydroxycinnamic acids and traces of quercetin, can potentiate the toxicity of PQ in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. These results highlight that prospective antioxidant effects of plant extracts, observed in vitro, using non-cellular systems, are not always confirmed in cellular models, in which the concentrations required to scavenge pro-oxidant species may be highly detrimental to the cells.
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Assessing the antioxidative properties and chemical composition ofLinaria vulgarisinfusion. Nat Prod Res 2008; 22:735-46. [DOI: 10.1080/14786410601132360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Further knowledge on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaves O-glycosyl-C-glycosyl flavones by liquid chromatography-UV diode-array detection-electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1182:56-64. [PMID: 18215689 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Revised: 12/10/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-seven flavonoids and a hydroxycynnamic acid have been characterized in barley leaves (Hordeum vulgare L.) by liquid chromatography-UV diode-array coupled to ion trap mass spectrometry with electrospray ionisation interface (negative mode). Their structures have been determined by the study of the ion mass fragmentation which characterizes C-glycosyl flavones and O-glycosyl-C-glycosyl flavones, and differentiates di-O-glycosyl flavones from O-diglycosyl-flavones. The majority of them are described for the first time in barley. Saponarin (isovitexin-7-O-glucoside), lutonarin (isoorientin-7-O-glucoside) and isoscoparin-7-O-glucoside derivatives constitute the major part of the detected compounds. Some acylated derivatives are also described, namely, 7-O-[6-acyl]-glucoside and -7-O-[6-acyl]-glc-4'-glucoside of isovitexin, isoorientin and isoscoparin.
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Expression of fibroblast growth factor receptors during development and regression of the bovine corpus luteum. Reprod Fertil Dev 2008; 20:659-64. [DOI: 10.1071/rd07114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are involved in the regulation of growth and regression of the corpus luteum (CL). However, the expression pattern of most FGF receptors (FGFRs) during CL lifespan is still unknown. The objective of the present study was to determine the pattern of expression of ‘B’ and ‘C’ splice variants of FGFRs in the bovine CL. Bovine CL were collected from an abattoir and classed as corpora hemorrhagica (Stage I), developing (Stage II), developed (Stage III) or regressed (Stage IV) CL. Expression of FGFR mRNA was measured by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and FGFR protein was localised by immunohistochemistry. Expression of mRNA encoding the ‘B’ and ‘C’ spliced forms of FGFR1 and FGFR2 was readily detectable in the bovine CL and was accompanied by protein localisation. FGFR1C and FGFR2C mRNA expression did not vary throughout CL lifespan, whereas FGFR1B was upregulated in the developed (Stage III) CL. FGFR3B, FGFR3C and FGFR4 expression was inconsistent in the bovine CL. The present data indicate that FGFR1 and FGFR2 splice variants are the main receptors for FGF action in the bovine CL.
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Characterization of C-glycosyl flavones O-glycosylated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1161:214-23. [PMID: 17602695 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Revised: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fifty three O-glycosyl-C-glycosyl flavones with O-glycosylation on phenolic hydroxyl or on the C-glycosyl residue or combination of both forms have been studied by liquid chromatography-UV diode array detection-electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry ion trap in the negative mode. The study of the relative abundance of the main ions from the MS preferential fragmentation on -MS2 and/or -MS3 events allows the differentiation of the position of the O-glycosylation, either on phenolic hydroxyl or on the sugar moiety of C-glycosylation. In addition, it is possible to discriminate between O-glycosylation at 2'' and at 6'' positions. The occurrence of an abundant ion Y(0)(-) ([(M-H)-132/-146/-162](-), mono-O-pentosyl/rhamnosyl/hexosyl-C-glycosyl derivatives) after -MS2 fragmentation characterizes the O-glycosylation on phenolic hydroxyls. The preferential fragmentation leading to a relevant Z(1)(-) ([Y(1)-18](-)) fragment is characteristic of 2''-O-glycosyl-C-glycosyl derivatives. The 6''-O-glycosyl-C-glycosyl derivatives are characterized by (0,2)X(0)(-), which is generated by a global loss of the sugar moiety from the O-glycosylation at 6'' and the glycosidic fraction that involves the carbons 6''-3'' of the C-glycosyl residue ([(M-H)-162-120](-), in the case of 6''-O-hexosyl-C-hexosyl derivatives). Regarding the combined O-glycosylated compounds (both on phenolic hydroxyl and on sugar moiety at C-glycosylation), the main fragmentation on -MS2 events produces a Y(0)(-) characterizing the O-glycosylation on the phenolic hydroxyl, and the -MS3[(M-H)-->Y(0)](-) fragmentation of the O-glycosylation on the C-glycosyl residue.
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HPLC Determination of Free Amino Acids Profile of Dão Red Wine: Effect of Dekkera bruxellensis Contamination. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070701276630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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DETERMINATION OF SELECTED PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN QUINCE JAMS BY SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION AND HPLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100106954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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17
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ANALYSIS OF HYDROXYCINNAMIC ACIDS OF COFFEE: A COMPARISON OF HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100101676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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DEVELOPMENT OF AN HPLC/DIODE-ARRAY DETECTOR METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF SODIUM BENZOATE AND PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN QUINCE JAM. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100101718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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THE DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF AN HPLC-DAD METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THE PHENOLIC FRACTIONS FROM IN VIVO AND IN VITRO BIOMASS OF HYPERICUM SPECIES. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100101655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Experimental design for extraction and quantification of phenolic compounds and organic acids in white “Vinho Verde” grapes. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 583:15-22. [PMID: 17386521 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Revised: 09/25/2006] [Accepted: 09/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An experimental design was applied for the optimization of extraction and clean-up processes of phenolic compounds and organic acids from white "Vinho Verde" grapes. The developed analytical method consisted in two steps: first a solid-liquid extraction of both phenolic compounds and organic acids and then a clean-up step using solid-phase extraction (SPE). Afterwards, phenolic compounds and organic acids were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to a diode array detector (DAD) and HPLC-UV, respectively. Plackett-Burman design was carried out to select the significant experimental parameters affecting both the extraction and the clean-up steps. The identified and quantified phenolic compounds were: quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin, kaempferol and epicatechin. The determined organic acids were oxalic, citric, tartaric, malic, shikimic and fumaric acids. The obtained results showed that the most important variables were the temperature (40 degrees C) and the solvent (acid water at pH 2 with 5% methanol) for the extraction step and the type of sorbent (C18 non end-capped) for the clean-up step.
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Development of an HPLC/Diode-Array Detector Method for Simultaneous Determination of Seven Hydroxy-Cinnamic Acids in Green Coffee. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079708005561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Simultaneous Determination of Flavonoids, Phenolic Acids, and Coumarins in Seven Medicinal Species by HPLC/DIODE-Array Detector. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079808003444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Development of an HPLC/Diode-Array Detector Method for Simultaneous Determination of 5-HMF, Furfural, 5-O-Caffeoylquinic Acid and Caffeine in Coffee. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079708006571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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HPLC/DAD ANALYSIS OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM LAVENDER AND ITS APPLICATION TO QUALITY CONTROL. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100100510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hydroxyl radical and hypochlorous acid scavenging activity of small centaury (Centaurium erythraea) infusion. A comparative study with green tea (Camellia sinensis). PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2003; 10:517-522. [PMID: 13678237 DOI: 10.1078/094471103322331485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Small centaury (Centaurium erythraea Rafin.) is a herbal species with a long use in traditional medicine due to its digestive, stomachic, tonic, depurative, sedative and antipyretic properties. This species is reported to contain considerable amounts of polyphenolic compounds, namely xanthones and phenolic acids as the main constituents. Although the antiradicalar activity of some pure polyphenolic compounds is already known, it remains unclear how a complex mixture obtained from plant extracts functions against reactive oxygen species. Thus, the ability of small centaury infusion to act as a scavenger of the reactive oxygen species hydroxyl radical and hypochlorous acid was studied and compared with that of green tea (Camellia sinensis L.). Hydroxyl radical was generated in the presence of Fe3+-EDTA, ascorbate and H2O2 (Fenton system) and monitored by evaluating hydroxyl radical-induced deoxyribose degradation. The reactivity towards hypochlorous acid was determined by measuring the inhibition of hypochlorous acid-induced 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid oxidation to 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). The obtained results demonstrate that small centaury infusion exhibits interesting antioxidant properties, expressed both by its capacity to effectively scavenge hydroxyl radical and hypochlorous acid, although with a lower activity against the second than that observed for green tea. Green tea exhibited a dual effect at the hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, stimulating deoxyribose degradation at lower dosages.
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Antioxidant activity of Centaurium erythraea infusion evidenced by its superoxide radical scavenging and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2001; 49:3476-3479. [PMID: 11453794 DOI: 10.1021/jf001145s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Centaurium erythraea Rafin. (Gentianaceae) has long been used in traditional medicine. This plant contains considerable amounts of polyphenolic compounds, namely, xanthones and phenolic acids as the main constituents. Because phenolic groups exhibit activity as radical scavengers and/or metal chelators, this study evaluated the superoxide radical scavenging properties of a lyophilized infusion obtained from C. erythraea flowering tops. Superoxide radical scavenging activity was assayed using enzymatic (xanthine/xanthine oxidase) and nonenzymatic (NADH/phenazine methosulfate) superoxide generating systems. This study provided evidence that C. erythraea exhibits interesting antioxidant properties, expressed either by the capacity to scavenge superoxide radical or to noncompetitively inhibit xanthine oxidase. The main phenolic compounds present in this extract were several esters of hydroxycinnamic acids, namely, p-coumaric, ferulic, and sinapic acids.
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Analysis of phenolic compounds in Spanish Albrariño and Portuguese Alvarinho and Loureiro wines by capillary zone electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography. Electrophoresis 2001; 22:1568-72. [PMID: 11386671 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200105)22:8<1568::aid-elps1568>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The concentration of different phenolic compounds was measured in Spanish Albariño and Portuguese Alvarinho and Loureiro white wines by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), in order to characterize them. Although all samples presented the same qualitative pattern (characterized by tyrosol; (-)-epicatechin; syringic acid; ferulic acid; p-coumaric acid; caffeic acid, gallic acid; 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid; cis-coumaroyl tartaric acid (COUTA); trans-COUTA; trans-caffeoyl tartaric acid (CAFTA), and hydroxycinnamic esters), some quantitative differences were observed. When samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), in order to compare the results obtained by both techniques, no significant qualitative or quantitative differences were obtained. Nevertheless, CZE proved to be a more convenient technique for the routinary analyses of these wines, due to better separation of the different compounds, better peak shapes, and higher speed than HPLC.
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Flavonoids and phenolic acids of sage: influence of some agricultural factors. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2000; 48:6081-6084. [PMID: 11141272 DOI: 10.1021/jf000440+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/diode-array detector procedure is proposed for the determination of six phenolic compounds (caffeic acid, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, rosmarinic acid, apigenin, hispidulin, and cirsimaritin) in sage. The chromatographic separation was achieved using a reversed-phase Spherisorb ODS2 (5-microm particle size, 25.0 x 0.46 cm) column. Of the several extractive solvents assayed only ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and acetone were able to extract all the compounds mentioned. Best resolution was obtained using a gradient of water/phosphoric acid (999:1) and acetonitrile. Ten samples cultivated in two experimental fields (1997-1999) were analyzed and the individual compounds quantified. Four commercially available samples were also analyzed and the results are discussed.
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Analysis of phenolic compounds in the evaluation of commercial quince jam authenticity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2000; 48:2853-2857. [PMID: 10898635 DOI: 10.1021/jf9911040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The phenolic compounds present in 17 samples of Portuguese commercial and three homemade quince jams were analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC/DAD, to determine their authenticity. Two different extraction methods were needed for the complete definition of quince jams profiles, one of them including an Amberlite XAD-2 cleaning step. These analyses showed that all the samples presented a similar profile composed of at least eight identified phenolic compounds, several unidentified characteristic procyanidin polymers, and sodium benzoate as preservative of quince jams. Several samples also contained arbutin, suggesting that these quince jam samples were fraudulently adulterated with pear puree.
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ADULTERAÇÃO POR ADIÇÃO DE AÇÚCARES A SUMOS DE FRUTOS: UMA REVISÃO ADULTERATION OF FRUIT JUICE BY ADDITION OF SUGARS: A REVIEW ADULTERACIÓN POR ADICIÓN DE AZÚCARES A ZUMOS DE FRUTAS: UNA REVISIÓN. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/11358129909487600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Analysis of vervain flavonoids by HPLC/Diode array detector method. Its application to quality control. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 1999; 47:4579-4582. [PMID: 10552853 DOI: 10.1021/jf990444i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A reversed-phase HPLC procedure is proposed for the determination of seven flavonoids (luteolin, nepetin, hispidulin, jaceosidin, cirsimaritin, cirsilineol, and eupatorin) in vervain samples. A simple extractive technique was developed, involving only extraction with ethyl ether, which allowed the elimination of phenolic acids, yielding a sufficiently purified flavonoid fraction. All of the analyzed vervain samples showed a common flavonoid pattern, in which hispidulin and jaceosidin were the major compounds and nepetin was the minor compound.
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Inhibition of membrane lipid peroxidation by a radical scavenging mechanism: a novel function for hydroxyl-containing ionophores. Free Radic Res 1998; 28:301-18. [PMID: 9688216 DOI: 10.3109/10715769809069282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we show that K+/H+ hydroxyl-containing ionophores lasalocid-A (LAS) and nigericin (NIG) in the nanomolar concentration range, inhibit Fe2+-citrate and 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (ABAP)-induced lipid peroxidation in intact rat liver mitochondria and in egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes containing negatively charged lipids--dicetyl phosphate (DCP) or cardiolipin (CL)--and KCl as the osmotic support. In addition, monensin (MON), a hydroxyl-containing ionophore with higher affinity for Na+ than for K+, promotes a similar effect when NaCl is the osmotic support. The protective effect of the ionophores is not observed when the osmolyte is sucrose. Lipid peroxidation was evidenced by mitochondrial swelling, antimycin A-insensitive O2 consumption, formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated dienes, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of an incorporated lipid spin probe. A time-dependent decay of spin label EPR signal is observed as a consequence of lipid peroxidation induced by both inductor systems in liposomes. Nitroxide destruction is inhibited by butylated hydroxytoluene, a known antioxidant, and by the hydroxyl-containing ionophores. In contrast, valinomycin (VAL), which does not possess alcoholic groups, does not display this protective effect. Effective order parameters (Seff), determined from the spectra of an incorporated spin label are larger in the presence of salt and display a small increase upon addition of the ionophores, as a result of the increase of counter ion concentration at the negatively charged bilayer surface. This condition leads to increased formation of the ion-ionophore complex, the membrane binding (uncharged) species. The membrane-incorporated complex is the active species in the lipid peroxidation inhibiting process. Studies in aqueous solution (in the absence of membranes) showed that NIG and LAS, but not VAL, decrease the Fe2+-citrate-induced production of radicals derived from piperazine-based buffers, demonstrating their property as radical scavengers. Both Fe2+-citrate and ABAP promote a much more pronounced decrease of LAS fluorescence in PC/CL liposomes than in dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC, saturated phospholipid)-DCP liposomes, indicating that the ionophore also scavenges lipid peroxyl radicals. A slow decrease of fluorescence is observed in the latter system, for all lipid compositions in sucrose medium, and in the absence of membranes, indicating that the primary radicals stemming from both inductors also attack the ionophore. Altogether, the data lead to the conclusion that the membrane-incorporated cation complexes of NIG, LAS and MON inhibit lipid peroxidation by blocking initiation and propagation reactions in the lipid phase via a free radical scavenging mechanism, very likely due to the presence of alcoholic hydroxyl groups in all three molecules and to the attack of the aromatic moiety of LAS.
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