Combination cyclopentolate and phenylephrine for mydriasis in premature infants with heavily pigmented irides

PURPOSE

This study examined whether safe and effective mydriasis can be achieved in premature infants with heavily pigmented irides using combination cyclopentolate 0.2% and phenylephrine 1% eyedrops.

METHODS

A prospective, randomized double-blind study was performed to compare combination cyclopentolate 0.2% and phenylephrine 1% eye-drops with triple instillation of tropicamide 0.5% and phenylephrine 2.5%. Twenty-eight consecutive babies with dark irides and birthweight <1600 g referred for screening for retinopathy of prematurity comprised the study population. Infants' eyes were randomly dilated twice with both regimens within a 2-week period. Blood pressure, heart rate, and pupil size were measured.

RESULTS

Good mydriasis was achieved in both groups with no significant differences in pupil size or blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, or mean arterial pressures) over starting baseline values. Pulse rates decelerated below the baseline values in both groups, but these differences were not large.

CONCLUSION

The single combination eyedrop of cyclopentolate 0.2% and phenylephrine 1% is as effective and safe a mydriatic for infants with dark irides as both tropicamide 0.5% and phenylephrine 2.5%.

Two tumor suppressive loci on chromosome 10 involved in human glioblastomas

A number of cytogenetic and molecular analyses have revealed very frequent and extensive losses of regions of chromosome 10 in human glioblastomas. Our recent studies have demonstrated that the transfer of a chromosome 10 into human glioblastoma cells resulted in suppression of their transformed and tumorigenic phenotype. To localize the suppressive region further, we isolated and characterized certain hybrid cells that had undergone chromosomal rearrangements to yield hybrid cells retaining only various regions of the inserted chromosome 10. One series of subclones showed the loss of the majority of the long arm of chromosome 10 (10q21-10qter) and regained the ability to grow under anchorage-independent conditions, but the cells still failed to exhibit significant tumorigenicity in nude mice. Another set of subclones exhibited major deletions of large segments of the long arm of chromosome 10 (10q21-q23; 10q26-qter), yet retained certain distal alleles associated with 10q24 to 10q26. These subclones were identical in their biological characteristics to the hybrids containing an intact chromosome 10, exhibiting no growth in soft agarose or in nude mice. These results implicate the presence of two independent phenotypically suppressive regions on chromosome 10 (10pter-q11 and 10q24-q26) that are involved in glioma progression.