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Sánchez-Sixto A, McMahon JJ, Floría P. Verbal instructions affect reactive strength index modified and time-series waveforms in basketball players. Sports Biomech 2024; 23:211-221. [PMID: 33404374 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2020.1836252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of different verbal instructions, intended to affect the countermovement jump (CMJ) execution time, on the reactive strength index modified (RSIMod) and the time-series waveforms. Thirteen male basketball players performed six CMJs on a force plate with two different verbal instructions: 'jump as high as possible' (CMJhigh) and 'jump as high and as fast as possible' (CMJfast). Force-, power-, velocity-, and displacement-series waveforms, RSIMod and jump height were compared between conditions using statistical parametric mapping procedures. CMJfast showed greater values in RSIMod (p = 0.002) despite no differences in jump height (p = 0.345). Unweighting force (between 18% and 33% of total time) was lower in the CMJfast compared to CMJhigh. Larger force (between 53% and 63% of total time), velocity (between 31% and 48% of total time) and power (between 43% and 56% of total time) were found in the CMJfast compared to CMJhigh. These findings suggest that commanding athletes to jump as high and fast as possible increases rapid force production. Additionally, the results highlight the relevance of the countermovement phase in jumping and show that RSIMod could increase without power output modifications during propulsion, despite previous studies having reported positive associations between RSIMod propulsion power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sánchez-Sixto
- Department of Sport, CEU Cardenal Spínola University, Bormujos, Spain
- Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | - John J McMahon
- Directorate of Sport, Exercise and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Pablo Floría
- Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
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Floría P, Harrison AJ, Rojo-Álvarez JL, Melgarejo-Meseguer FM, Sanchez-Sixto A. Joint movement patterns differ among male recreational runners with different running style. Sports Biomech 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38190260 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2023.2298947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyse the differences in joint kinematic patterns among runners with different spatiotemporal characteristics in the running cycle. Lower extremity kinematic data and spatiotemporal stride parameters were collected for ninety-two recreational runners during a treadmill run at a self-selected comfortable speed. A K-means clustering analysis was conducted on normalised stride cadence and Duty Factor to identify running style. Cluster 1 characterised by reduced stance times and low Duty Factor; Cluster 2, long stance times and low stride cadence; Cluster 3, high Duty Factor and stride cadence. Functional principal component analysis was used to identify patterns of variability between runners. Runners who used a combination of high cadence and Duty Factor showed differences in hip, knee and ankle sagittal kinematics compared to other runners. On the contrary, the joint kinematics was not altered when the Duty Factor was increased along with a decrease in the stride cadence. This study has demonstrated that the combination of several spatial-temporal parameters of the running cycle should be considered when analysing the movement pattern of the lower limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Floría
- Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Andrew J Harrison
- Sport and Human Performance Research Center, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jose Luis Rojo-Álvarez
- Departamento de Teoría de la Señal y Comunicaciones y Sistemas Telemáticos y de Computación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Fuenlabrada, Spain
| | - Francisco M Melgarejo-Meseguer
- Departamento de Teoría de la Señal y Comunicaciones y Sistemas Telemáticos y de Computación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Fuenlabrada, Spain
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Herrero-Molleda A, Álvarez-Álvarez MJ, Floría P, García-López J. Training Characteristics and Competitive Demands in Women Road Cyclists: A Systematic Review. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37369364 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the main training characteristics and competitive demands in women's road cycling. METHODS A systematic search was conducted on 5 databases according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. The articles had to be primary studies, written after 1990 with a sample of competitive women between the ages of 15 and 50. The Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies and the Oxford Levels of Evidence scales were used. RESULTS The search yielded 1713 articles, of which 20 were included. Studies on training and competitive demands (n = 5) found that both external and internal loads are higher in women than in men. Studies on strength and endurance training (n = 5) showed that both velocity-based and heavy-load strength training programs performed at least 2 days per week and including 3 to 4 lower-body exercises improved performance. Altitude-training studies (n = 3) found that "Live High-Train Low" was effective to increase performance during the first 9 days after the training camp. The 7 remaining studies focused on a range of topics. The methodological quality was strong for 12 studies and moderate for 8. In contrast, the level of evidence was high in 7 and low in the other 13. CONCLUSIONS Endurance training and competitive demands in women's road cycling are higher than those of men. Strength training is effective in women when the frequency, intensity, and number of exercises are appropriate, while altitude training should be completed a few days before competing. Further studies are warranted to better define the participants' competitive level, using a methodological design with a higher level of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Herrero-Molleda
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad de León, León,Spain
| | | | - Pablo Floría
- Physical Performance and Sports Research, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla,Spain
| | - Juan García-López
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad de León, León,Spain
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Leal Del Ojo P, Floría P, Walker C, Gómez-Landero LA. Is acrobatic pyramid performance determined by the individual balance of the gymnasts? Sports Biomech 2023; 22:235-245. [PMID: 35765753 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2092546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The influence of individual gymnasts' balance on final pyramid performance is unknown. The principal objective of this study was to evaluate associations between the balance capacity of base and top gymnasts (BG, BT) on the pyramid performance using different balance tasks. Forty acrobatic gymnasts were divided in two groups (20 BG, 20 TG) and performed three different static tests on a force platform: unipedal (open and closed eyes), and headstand. Centre of pressure (COP) measurements were obtained including length travelled in the anteroposterior and mediolateral axis, surface area and the mean speed. Pairs of gymnasts performed a pyramid which involved the BG standing upright while holding a TP in handstand with arms flexed at the elbow. Pyramid scores were obtained from judges to assess the performance. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to reduce the number of balance COP variables. Linear regression analysis was applied with pyramid performance and scores of PCA separated by role. TG's PCA 2 was a significant predictor of pyramid performance. Higher pyramid performance was associated with better headstand balance capacity in TG. The results suggest that measuring COP displacement during headstands could help coaches and gymnasts to assess the handstand pyramid performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Floría
- Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Cherie Walker
- The New South Wales Institute of Sport, Sydney Olympic Park, Australia
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García-López J, Ferrer-Roca V, Floría P. The effect of changes in saddle height on coordination and its variability during pedalling cycle. Sports Biomech 2022:1-14. [PMID: 35943332 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2109510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Modifications in saddle height affect the range of movement of the lower limb's joints during pedalling. Although its effect on movement patterns is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to analyse the acute effects of small changes in bicycle saddle height on pedalling coordination and its variability. Lower extremity kinematic data were collected in random order for ten well-trained cyclists while pedalling at three different saddle heights: preferred, 2% higher and 2% lower than preferred position. A dynamical systems approach was used to quantify the coordination and its variability for selected joint couplings. Modifications in saddle height produced large changes in the frequency of movement patterns, although they were not enough to alter the coordination classification. Lowering the saddle height increased the frequency of the proximal coordinative hip-ankle pattern (F = 11.77, p < .01) and knee-ankle couplings (F = 14.39, p < .01), while decreasing inphase coordination (F > 11.03, p < .01) during the propulsive phase. Pedalling coordination variability was not affected, being greatest during the movement transitions and when the ankle joint was included in the coupling. This study demonstrated that pedalling pattern coordination and coordination variability were generally stable to acute small changes in saddle height in well-trained cyclists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan García-López
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Floría
- Physical Performance & Sports Research, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
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Muñoz-López A, Floría P, Sañudo B, Pecci J, Carmona Pérez J, Pozzo M. The Maximum Flywheel Load: A Novel Index to Monitor Loading Intensity of Flywheel Devices. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:8124. [PMID: 34884128 PMCID: PMC8662394 DOI: 10.3390/s21238124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main aim of this study was (1) to find an index to monitor the loading intensity of flywheel resistance training, and (2) to study the differences in the relative intensity workload spectrum between the FW-load and ISO-load. METHODS twenty-one males participated in the study. Subjects executed an incremental loading test in the squat exercise using a Smith machine (ISO-load) or a flywheel device (FW-load). We studied different association models between speed, power, acceleration, and force, and each moment of inertia was used to find an index for FW-load. In addition, we tested the differences between relative workloads among load conditions using a two-way repeated-measures test. RESULTS the highest r2 was observed using a logarithmic fitting model between the mean angular acceleration and moment of inertia. The intersection with the x-axis resulted in an index (maximum flywheel load, MFL) that represents a theoretical individual maximal load that can be used. The ISO-load showed greater speed, acceleration, and power outcomes at any relative workload (%MFL vs. % maximum repetition). However, from 45% of the relative workload, FW-load showed higher vertical forces. CONCLUSIONS MFL can be easily computed using a logarithmic model between the mean angular acceleration and moment of inertia to characterize the maximum theoretical loading intensity in the flywheel squat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Muñoz-López
- Departamento de Motricidad Humana y Rendimiento Deportivo, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Pablo Floría
- Physical Performance and Sports Research Center, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Borja Sañudo
- Department of Physical Education, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (B.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Javier Pecci
- Department of Physical Education, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain; (B.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Jorge Carmona Pérez
- Departamento de Motricidad Humana y Rendimiento Deportivo, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Marco Pozzo
- SmartCoach Europe AB, 118 20 Stockholm, Sweden;
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Gómez-Landero LA, Leal Del Ojo P, Walker C, Floría P. Static balance performance differs depending on the test, age and specific role played in acrobatic gymnastics. Gait Posture 2021; 90:48-54. [PMID: 34390922 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Static balance performance appears to detect differences between roles played in team sports. Static balance can also be influenced by the subject's height and age, and the type of test used. RESEARCH QUESTION Could the static balance profile show differences among the role played depending on the specific test evaluated and the gymnasts' age? METHODS A cross-sectional design was applied. 46 acrobatic gymnasts (37 females and 9 males) were divided in four groups according to role (base or top gymnast) and stage of adolescence (early adolescent or mid-adolescent) during two different static tests: (1) unipedal with open and closed eyes (generic), and (2) headstand (specific). To test the effect of the role and the age group, a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) between groups was performed. Centre of pressure (COP) measurements were obtained and normalised relative to participants height, including length travelled on the anteroposterior and mediolateral axis (AP_CoP and ML_CoP) and the mean speed (SP_CoP). RESULTS Base gymnasts obtained lower values in the CoP excursion than Top gymnasts but only in unipedal tests for all the variables analysed (5.536 ≥ F1,42 ≤ 10.589, 0.002 ≥ p ≤ 0.023), except for the AP_CoP in unipedal-closed. Mid-adolescent gymnasts obtained lower values in the CoP excursion regardless of the task than early adolescent (5.324 ≥ F1,42 ≤ 14.805, 0.000 ≥ p ≤ 0.026). SIGNIFICANCE It has been observed a clear effect of age on the static balance manifested in acrobatic gymnastics, regardless of the subject's height, the role played, and the test performed. The effect of the role played in this team sport has been different depending on the type of test performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Arturo Gómez-Landero
- Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain.
| | | | - Cherie Walker
- The New South Wales Institute of Sport, Sydney Olympic Park, Australia.
| | - Pablo Floría
- Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain.
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Leal del Ojo P, Floría P, Harrison AJ, Gómez-Landero LA. Effects of task difficulty on centre of pressure excursion and its inter-trial variability in acrobatic gymnastics pyramid performance. Sports Biomech 2020:1-16. [DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2020.1770322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Floría
- Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | - Andrew J Harrison
- Biomechanics Research Unit, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Ferro A, Floría P, Villacieros J, Muñoz-López A. Maximum velocity during loaded countermovement jumps obtained with an accelerometer, linear encoder and force platform: A comparison of technologies. J Biomech 2019; 95:109281. [PMID: 31471113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The maximum velocity (Vmax) reached during countermovement jumps (CMJ) has been considered a performance indicator to evaluate vertical jump ability. The aim of this study was to compare Vmax during loaded CMJ (CMJloaded) using three different technologies to show a criterion for selecting the more appropriate depending on its use. Nine recreationally active men performed a CMJloaded test. Five jumps were made in each of 6 series with a 20- kg barbell + 0, + 5, + 10, + 15, + 20 and + 25 kg, with 2 seconds rest between the jumps and 5 minutes rest between the series to explore a wide range of speeds. Vmax was obtained from force platform, inertial device and linear encoder technologies. Bland-Altman plots and mean differences were used to compare devices. Reproducibility was tested using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for single measures and typical error (TE). All technologies showed high levels of reproducibility, ICC higher than 0.75 and TE lower than 10 %. There were non-significant differences in Vmax between each pair of technologies (linear encoder 2.11 ± 0.24 m·s-1, accelerometer 2.11 ± 0.26 m·s-1, force platform 2.12 ± 0.24 m·s-1) reporting a very low bias. However the limits of agreement between the different technologies evaluated were high (± 0.33 m·s-1). In conclusion, the accelerometer, linear encoder and force platform were suitably reliable to be used to measure Vmax during loaded vertical jumps but their values were not interchangeable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Ferro
- Department of Sports, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pablo Floría
- Department of Sports and Computer, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jorge Villacieros
- Department of Sports, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Muñoz-López
- Department of Human Motricity and Sports Performance, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Floría P, Sánchez-Sixto A, Harrison AJ, Ferber R. The effect of running speed on joint coupling coordination and its variability in recreational runners. Hum Mov Sci 2019; 66:449-458. [PMID: 31176256 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of speed on coordination and its variability in running gait using vector coding analysis. Lower extremity kinematic data were collected for thirteen recreational runners while running at three different speeds in random order: preferred speed, 15% faster and 15% lower than preferred speed. A dynamical systems approach, using vector coding and circular statistics, were used to quantify coordination and its variability for selected hip-knee and knee-ankle joint couplings. The influence of running speed was calculated from the continuous data sets of the running cycle, allowing for the identification of time percentages where differences existed. Results indicate that increases in running speed produced moderate alterations in the frequency of movement patterns which were not enough to alter classification of coordination. No effects of speed on coordination variability were observed. This study has demonstrated that coordination and coordination variability is generally stable in the range of ±15% around of preferred speed in recreational runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Floría
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Physical Performance & Sports Research, Seville, Spain.
| | | | - Andrew J Harrison
- Biomechanics Research Unit, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Reed Ferber
- Running Injury Clinic, Calgary, Canada; University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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Sánchez-Sixto A, Harrison AJ, Floría P. Larger Countermovement Increases the Jump Height of Countermovement Jump. Sports (Basel) 2018; 6:sports6040131. [PMID: 30373113 PMCID: PMC6316300 DOI: 10.3390/sports6040131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simulation studies show that jump performance can be improved by increasing the depth of countermovement. The purpose of this study was to determine how modifications to the depth of countermovement lead to changes in jump height and the biomechanical parameters related to center of mass displacement and force application. Twenty-nine competitive males participated in this investigation, performing nine countermovement jumps using a self-selected, a deep, and a shallow crouch position. Jump height and relative net vertical impulse were greater when using a deeper crouch position, compared to the self-selected position. Force application variables did not report differences, when the deeper countermovement was compared to the self-selected countermovement; although, the shallower countermovement showed higher values in force application parameters. The deeper countermovement jumps achieved higher velocities of the center of mass than the self-selected jumps, while shallower jumps produced lower velocities than the self-selected jumps. The results of this investigation were consistent with simulation studies, showing that deep countermovements increase net vertical impulse, leading to a higher jump height. In addition, the maximum downward velocity was higher, when the crouch position was deeper. Conversely, force-applied variables did not change when jump performance was increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sánchez-Sixto
- Department of Sports, Centro de Estudios Universitarios Cardenal Spinola CEU, Bormujos 41930, Spain.
| | - Andrew J Harrison
- Biomechanics Research Unit, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | - Pablo Floría
- Physical Performance & Sports Research, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla 41013, Spain.
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Floría P, Sánchez-Sixto A, Harrison AJ. Application of the principal component waveform analysis to identify improvements in vertical jump performance. J Sports Sci 2018; 37:370-377. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1504602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Floría
- Physical Performance & Sports Research, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Andrew J. Harrison
- Biomechanics Research Unit, University of Limerick. Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Floría
- Physical Performance Sports Research, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Reed Ferber
- Running Injury Clinic, Calgary, Canada
- University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Cruz BDL, Sarabia E, Sánchez-Sixto A, Floría P, Naranjo J, Berral FJ. P-10 Effect of treadmill on gait variability in healthy young and old subjects: Abstract P-10 Table 1. Br J Sports Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097120.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Floría P, Gómez-Landero LA, Suárez-Arrones L, Harrison AJ. Kinetic and Kinematic Analysis for Assessing the Differences in Countermovement Jump Performance in Rugby Players. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:2533-9. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Noriega-Sánchez SA, Legaz-Arrese A, Suarez-Arrones L, Santalla A, Floría P, Munguía-Izquierdo D. Forced inspiratory volume in the first second as predictor of front-crawl performance in young sprint swimmers. J Strength Cond Res 2014; 29:188-94. [PMID: 25051007 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to determine the extent to which specific anthropometric, conditional, and pulmonary function variables predict 100-m front-crawl performance in national swimmers and compare anthropometric, conditional, and pulmonary function variables between both genders. Two groups (male, n = 8 and female, n = 9) of sprint swimmers (mean age ± SD = 19.4 ± 0.7 years and 16.9 ± 3.2 years, respectively) of national competitive level volunteered for this study. Swimmers performed an all-out 100-m front-crawl swimming test. Physiological parameters of lung function were measured using portable spirometer. Basic anthropometry included body height, body mass, and skinfold thickness. Lower limb strength was measured by countermovement and squat jump tests. Correlation and regression analyses were calculated to quantify the relationships between trial time and each variable potentially predictive. Differences between means of both gender groups were analyzed. Results showed that 100-m race performance correlated significantly with forced inspiratory volume in the first second (FIV1) in male swimmers and with FIV1 and forced vital capacity in female swimmers. Stepwise multiple regressions revealed that FIV1 was the only predictor of 100-m race performance, explaining 66% of 100-m time trial variance in male swimmers and 58% in female swimmers. Gender comparisons indicated significant differences in anthropometric, conditional, pulmonary function, and performance variables. The findings suggest that FIV1 could be a good predictor of performance and it should be evaluated routinely and used by coaches in front-crawl sprint swimmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl A Noriega-Sánchez
- 1Department of Sport and Informatics, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport, University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain; and 2Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Floría P, Harrison AJ. Ground reaction force differences in the countermovement jump in girls with different levels of performance. Res Q Exerc Sport 2013; 84:329-335. [PMID: 24261012 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2013.813896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to ascertain the biomechanical differences between better and poorer performers of the vertical jump in a homogeneous group of children. METHOD Twenty-four girls were divided into low-scoring (LOW; Mage = 6.3 +/- 0.8 years) and high-scoring (HIGH; Mage = 6.6 +/- 0.8 years) groups based on their performance on the vertical jump. The force-, velocity-, displacement-, and rate of force development (RFD)-time curves of vertical jumps were analyzed to determine the differences between groups. RESULTS The analysis of the data showed differences in the pattern of the ensemble mean curves of the HIGH and LOW groups, although the majority of the differences occurred during the eccentric contraction phase of the jump. The differences in the HIGH group with respect to the LOW group were: lower force at the beginning of the movement, higher speed and RFD during the eccentric phase, high force at the beginning of the concentric phase, higher velocity during the concentric phase, and a higher position at takeoff. CONCLUSION The results showed that the HIGH group achieved a higher jump height than did the LOW group by increasing the effectiveness of the countermovement and achieving a more advantageous position at takeoff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Floría
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Pablo de Olavide University, Sevilla, Spain.
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Ferro A, Floría P, Villacieros J, Aguado-Gómez R. Validez y fiabilidad del sensor láser del sistema BioLaserSport® para el análisis de la velocidad de la carrera. (Validity and reliability of the laser sensor of BioLaserSport® system for the analysis of the running velocity). rev int cienc deporte 2012. [DOI: 10.5232/ricyde2012.03005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Floría P, Harrison AJ. The influence of range of motion versus application of force on vertical jump performance in prepubescent girls and adult females. Eur J Sport Sci 2012; 14 Suppl 1:S197-204. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2012.679316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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