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Peirano D, Vargas S, Hidalgo L, Donoso F, Abusleme E, Sanhueza F, Cárdenas C, Droppelmann K, Castro JC, Uribe P, Zoroquiain P, Navarrete-Dechent C. Management of periocular keratinocyte carcinomas with Mohs micrographic surgery and predictors of complex reconstruction: a retrospective study. An Bras Dermatol 2024; 99:202-209. [PMID: 37989688 PMCID: PMC10943309 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin cancer is the most frequent cancer worldwide and the most frequent periocular tumor. Keratinocyte Carcinomas (KC) located in periorificial areas, such as periocular tumors, are considered high-risk tumors. Mohs Micrographic Surgery (MMS) is considered the first line for the treatment of high-risk KC, providing a lower recurrence rate than conventional wide excision. OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical-pathological features of periocular KC treated with MMS in a tertiary university center in Chile. METHODS A single-center, retrospective study of patients with KC located on the periocular area, that underwent MMS between 2017‒2022. MMS details were recorded. RESULTS One hundred thirteen patients with periocular carcinomas were included. The mean age was 59 ± 13 years; 52% were women. The most frequent location was the medial canthus (53%), followed by the lower eyelid (30.1%). The most frequent BCC histology was the nodular variant (59.3%). Regarding MMS, the average number of stages was 1.5 ± 0.7, and 54% of the cases required only 1 stage to achieve clear margins. To date, no recurrence has been reported. Tumors larger than 8.5 mm in largest diameter or 43.5 mm2 were more likely to require complex reconstruction. STUDY LIMITATIONS Retrospective design and a relatively low number of patients in the SCC group. Possible selection bias, as larger or more complex cases, may have been referred to oculoplastic surgeons directly. CONCLUSION The present study confirms the role of MMS for the treatment of periocular KCs. Periocular KCs larger than 8.5 mm might require complex reconstruction. These results can be used to counsel patients during pre-surgical visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominga Peirano
- Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Vargas
- Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonel Hidalgo
- Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Donoso
- Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenia Abusleme
- Department of Ophtalmology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Sanhueza
- Department of Ophtalmology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Consuelo Cárdenas
- Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Melanoma and Skin Cancer Unit, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherine Droppelmann
- Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Melanoma and Skin Cancer Unit, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Camilo Castro
- Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Melanoma and Skin Cancer Unit, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Uribe
- Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Melanoma and Skin Cancer Unit, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Zoroquiain
- Department of Pathology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Navarrete-Dechent
- Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Melanoma and Skin Cancer Unit, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Cuello M, García-Rivello H, Huamán-Garaicoa F, Irigoyen-Piñeiros P, Lara-Torres CO, Rizzo MM, Ticona-Castro M, Trejo R, Zoroquiain P. Detection of NTRK gene fusions in solid tumors: recommendations from a Latin American group of oncologists and pathologists. Future Oncol 2023; 19:2669-2682. [PMID: 38088163 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
NTRK gene fusions have been detected in more than 25 types of tumors and their prevalence is approximately 0.3% in solid tumors. This low prevalence makes identifying patients who could benefit from TRK inhibitors a considerable challenge. Furthermore, while numerous papers on the evaluation of NTRK fusion genes are available, not all countries have guidelines that are suitable for their setting, as is the case with Latin America. Therefore, a group of oncologists and pathologists from several countries in Latin America (Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay) met to discuss and reach consensus on how to identify patients with NTRK gene fusions in solid tumors. To do so, they developed a practical algorithm, considering their specific situation and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Cuello
- Academic Unit of Oncology, Hospital de Clínicas Dr. Manuel Quintela, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Hernán García-Rivello
- Departmento of Clinical Pathology, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica (IMTIB), Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fuad Huamán-Garaicoa
- Instituto de Salud Integral (ISAIN), Universidad Católica, Santiago de Guayaquil (Ecuador), Department of Pathology, Sociedad de Lucha Contra el Cáncer del Ecuador (SOLCA), Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | | | - César O Lara-Torres
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Manglio M Rizzo
- Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Austral, Derqui-Pilar, Argentina
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Austral, Derqui-Pilar, Argentina
| | - Miguel Ticona-Castro
- Service of Medical Oncology, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud - Jesús María, Lima (Perú), Clínica Montefiori, La Molina, Lima, Perú
| | - Rogelio Trejo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Pablo Zoroquiain
- Pathology Department, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Olmos R, Domínguez JM, Vargas-Salas S, Mosso L, Fardella CE, González G, Baudrand R, Guarda F, Valenzuela F, Arteaga E, Forenzano P, Nilo F, Lustig N, Martínez A, López JM, Cruz F, Loyola S, Leon A, Droppelmann N, Montero P, Domínguez F, Camus M, Solar A, Zoroquiain P, Roa JC, Muñoz E, Bruce E, Gajardo R, Miranda G, Riquelme F, Mena N, González HE. ThyroidPrint®: clinical utility for indeterminate thyroid cytology. Endocr Relat Cancer 2023; 30:e220409. [PMID: 37671897 PMCID: PMC10563504 DOI: 10.1530/erc-22-0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular testing contributes to improving the diagnosis of indeterminate thyroid nodules (ITNs). ThyroidPrint® is a ten-gene classifier aimed to rule out malignancy in ITN. Post-validation studies are necessary to determine the real-world clinical benefit of ThyroidPrint® in patients with ITN. A single-center, prospective, noninterventional clinical utility study was performed, analyzing the impact of ThyroidPrint® in the physicians' clinical decisions for ITN. Demographics, nodule characteristics, benign call rates (BCRs), and surgical outcomes were measured. Histopathological data were collected from surgical biopsies of resected nodules. Of 1272 fine-needle aspirations, 109 (8.6%) were Bethesda III and 135 (10.6%) were Bethesda IV. Molecular testing was performed in 155 of 244 ITN (63.5%), of which 104 were classified as benign (BCR of 67.1%). After a median follow-up of 15 months, 103 of 104 (99.0%) patients with a benign ThyroidPrint® remained under surveillance and one patient underwent surgery which was a follicular adenoma. Surgery was performed in all 51 patients with a suspicious for malignancy as per ThyroidPrint® result and in 56 patients who did not undergo testing, with a rate of malignancy of 70.6% and 32.1%, respectively. A higher BCR was observed in follicular lesion of undetermined significance (87%) compared to atypia of undetermined significance (58%) (P < 0.05). False-positive cases included four benign follicular nodules and six follicular and four oncocytic adenomas. Our results show that, physicians chose active surveillance instead of diagnostic surgery in all patients with a benign ThyroidPrint® result, reducing the need for diagnostic surgery in 67% of patients with preoperative diagnosis of ITN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Olmos
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - José Miguel Domínguez
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Sergio Vargas-Salas
- Department of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Lorena Mosso
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Carlos E Fardella
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Gilberto González
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - René Baudrand
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Francisco Guarda
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Felipe Valenzuela
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Eugenio Arteaga
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Pablo Forenzano
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Flavia Nilo
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Nicole Lustig
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Alejandra Martínez
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - José M López
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Francisco Cruz
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Soledad Loyola
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Augusto Leon
- Department of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Nicolás Droppelmann
- Department of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Pablo Montero
- Department of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Francisco Domínguez
- Department of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Mauricio Camus
- Department of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Antonieta Solar
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Pablo Zoroquiain
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Estefanía Muñoz
- Department of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Elsa Bruce
- Department of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Rossio Gajardo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Giovanna Miranda
- Department of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Francisco Riquelme
- Department of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Natalia Mena
- Department of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Hernán E González
- Department of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
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Carvajal P, Zoroquiain P. PRAME/MELAN-A double immunostaining as a diagnostic tool for conjunctival melanocytic lesions: A South American experience. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 250:154776. [PMID: 37696245 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PRAME (PReferentially expressed Antigen in Melanoma) is an antigen that is predominantly expressed in human melanomas. In cutaneous melanocytic lesions, PRAME expression is associated with malignancy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the co-expression of PRAME and Melan A to evaluate their diagnostic value in different conjunctival melanocytic lesions (CML). METHODS 37 CML (23 nevi, 9 primary acquired melanosis (PAM), and 5 conjunctival melanomas) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for PRAME and Melan-A. The percentage of melanocytic cells co-expressing PRAME and Melan-A was qualitatively evaluated as follows: negative, 0%; 1 + , 1-25%; 2 + , 26-50%; 3 + , 51-75% and 4 + , ≥ 76%. RESULTS Of the invasive melanoma cases, 80% showed a 4 + pattern of marking, whereas 20% showed a 3 + pattern. 11% of the PAMs showed a 4 + pattern and 88.9% showed a 1 + pattern. All the nevi showed a 1 + pattern. The sensitivity and specificity of PRAME 4 + for differentiating high-grade CML from the benign and low-grade grouped CML are 93% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSION PRAME/MELAN-A double immunostain is particularly useful to differentiate benign from malignant conjunctival melanocytic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Carvajal
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Pablo Zoroquiain
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
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5
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Funes SC, Ríos M, Fernández-Fierro A, Rivera-Pérez D, Soto JA, Valbuena JR, Altamirano-Lagos MJ, Gómez-Santander F, Jara EL, Zoroquiain P, Roa JC, Kalergis AM, Riedel CA. Female offspring gestated in hypothyroxinemia and infected with human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) suffer a more severe infection and have a higher number of activated CD8+ T lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:966917. [PMID: 36159799 PMCID: PMC9494552 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.966917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for the appropriate development of the fetus and especially for the brain. Recently, some studies have shown that THs deficiency can also alter the immune system development of the progeny and their ability to mount an appropriate response against infectious agents. In this study, we evaluated whether adult mice gestated under hypothyroxinemia (Hpx) showed an altered immune response against infection with human metapneumovirus (hMPV). We observed that female mice gestated under Hpx showed higher clinical scores after seven days of hMPV infection. Besides, males gestated under Hpx have higher lung viral loads at day seven post-infection. Furthermore, the female offspring gestated in Hpx have already reduced the viral load at day seven and accordingly showed an increased proportion of activated (CD71+ and FasL+) CD8+ T cells in the lungs, which correlated with a trend for a higher histopathological clinical score. These results support that T4 deficiency during gestation might condition the offspring differently in males and females, enhancing their ability to respond to hMPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta C. Funes
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Catóica, de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), San Luis, Argentina
| | - Mariana Ríos
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Catóica, de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ayleen Fernández-Fierro
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Catóica, de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Rivera-Pérez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Catóica, de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge A. Soto
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Catóica, de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - José R. Valbuena
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María J. Altamirano-Lagos
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Catóica, de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Gómez-Santander
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Catóica, de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Evelyn L. Jara
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Catóica, de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departmento de Farmacología, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pablo Zoroquiain
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan C. Roa
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Catóica, de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Claudia A. Riedel,
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Terán S, Ahumada F, Vergara F, Meza J, Zoroquiain P. OVOL1 immunohistochemical expression is a useful tool to diagnose invasion in ocular surface squamous neoplasms. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) 2022; 97:504-509. [PMID: 35787378 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES OVOL1 is a gene that negatively regulates mesenchymal transformation, which allows epithelial cells to invade the stroma. On the other hand, it negatively regulates c-Myc, which has a positive effect on cell proliferation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of OVOL1 and c-Myc in ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). PATIENTS AND METHODS Cross-sectional cohort study of 36 samples including 6 squamous papillomas, 19 conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasms, 6 squamous carcinomas and 7 normal conjunctivae were evaluated using immunohistochemistry against OVOL1 and c-Myc. The expression of both markers was analysed using the H-score (intensity 1-3 multiplied by the percentage of positive cells). RESULTS Percentages of 98 and 100 of the OSSN, and 57 and 71% of the normal conjunctivae expressed OVOL1 and c-Myc respectively, however, the mean H-score of OVOL1 and c-Myc was higher in the OSSN than in normal conjunctivae group (P=0.0001 in both). Within the OSSN, OVOL1 demonstrated a higher H-score in the conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasms and papilloma, compared to the squamous carcinoma (P<0.01) group. c-Myc did not show differences between the OSSN groups. An H-score lower than 35 differentiates a squamous cell carcinoma from other OSSN lesions with a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 100%. CONCLUSIONS The expression of OVOL1 is a useful tool to differentiate between a squamous carcinoma of conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasms and papilloma. OVOL1 could play a role in the invasiveness of squamous neoplasms and places it as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Terán
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Ahumada
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Vergara
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Meza
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Zoroquiain
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Mastromonaco C, Balazsi M, Coblentz J, Dias ABT, Zoroquiain P, Burnier MN. Histopathological analysis of residual lens cells in capsular opacities after cataract surgery using objective software. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:1617-1625. [PMID: 35502038 PMCID: PMC9332936 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_291_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Remnant lens epithelial cells (LECs) within the capsular bag (CB) undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and acquire a myofibroblast phenotype, depositing extracellular matrix (ECM) components, leading to posterior capsular opacification (PCO). This study histopathologically analyzes the LEC-to-myofibroblast transition and de novo ECM component deposition (i.e., smooth muscle actin (SMA) and fibronectin (FN) expression) and determines the intraocular lens (IOL) and patient factors associated with these changes. Methods: In total, 190 CBs with IOLs were removed from donor eyes. Digital images were obtained, and PCO was graded using published software (ADOS, Medical Parachute). Automated immunohistochemistry was performed using anti-SMA to detect EMT and anti-FN to document ECM remodeling. Slides were digitized and analyzed using the Positive Pixel Count v9 algorithm. Linear regression and Poisson regression were performed (P < 0.05). Results: SMA positive expression decreased as the time of IOL implantation increased (P < 0.0001). Positivity of SMA and FN demonstrated a positive correlation (P = 0.0002). Controlling for confounding factors in Poisson regression, hydrophobic and hydrophilic materials showed higher FN and SMA expression when compared to silicone material lenses (FN; P = 0.018; P < 0.0001, SMA; P = 0.001; P = 0.003, respectively). The square optic design had 29% higher SMA positivity compared to the opti-edge design (P = 0.042). One-piece haptic lenses had higher SMA expression compared to three-piece haptic (P = 0.042). A higher risk of expression of SMA and FN was seen in patients with a history of smoking, hypertension, and glaucoma (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that SMA and FN expression is different according to IOL design and patient factors, thus indicating that LEC changes depend on lens biocompatibility. Therefore, by analyzing the histopathological composition of PCO by using LECs, further insight into the characteristics of IOLs that are important for biocompatibility can be ascertained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mastromonaco
- Department of Pathology and Ophthalmology, The MUHC-McGill University Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Jacqueline Coblentz
- Department of Pathology and Ophthalmology, The MUHC-McGill University Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ana Beatriz Toledo Dias
- Department of Pathology and Ophthalmology, The MUHC-McGill University Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pablo Zoroquiain
- Department of Pathology and Ophthalmology, The MUHC-McGill University Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Miguel N Burnier
- Department of Pathology and Ophthalmology, The MUHC-McGill University Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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8
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Espino A, Vargas JI, Mancilla C, Muñoz P, Martínez W, Menéndez A, Jara D, Mansilla R, Schiappacasse G, Santamarina M, Huete Á, Candia R, Silva F, Castillo C, Richter H, Mejía R, Vial P, Robles I, Martínez J, Jarufe N, Briceño E, Lembach H, Zoroquiain P, Roa JC, Walker K, Torres J, Carreño L, Castiblanco A, Fernández W, Ríos Á, Chandia J, Ayala MJ, Rojas T, Verdugo J, Berger Z. [Chilean consensus on diagnosis and management of pancreatic cystic neoplasms]. Rev Med Chil 2021; 149:1773-1786. [PMID: 35735345 DOI: 10.4067/s0034-98872021001201773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCN) are frequently detected on abdominal images performed for non-pancreatic indications. Their prevalence in asymptomatic population ranges from 2.7 to 24.8%, and increases with age. There are several types of pancreatic cysts. Some may contain cancer or have malignant potential, such as mucinous cystic neoplasms, including mucinous cystadenoma (MCN) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN). In contrast, others are benign, such as serous cystadenoma (SCA). However, even those cysts with malignant potential rarely progress to cancer. Currently, the only treatment for pancreatic cysts is surgery, which is associated with high morbidity and occasional mortality. The Board of the Chilean Pancreas Club of the Chilean Gastroenterology Society developed the first Chilean multidisciplinary consensus for diagnosis, management, and surveillance of PCN. Thirty experts were invited and answered 21 statements with five possible alternatives: 1) fully agree; 2) partially agree; 3) undecided; 4) disagree and 5) strongly disagree. A consensus was adopted when at least 80% of the sum of the answers "fully agree" and "partially agree" was reached. The consensus was approved by the Board of Directors of the Chilean Pancreas Club for publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Espino
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital Clínico UC-Christus, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Ignacio Vargas
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital Clínico UC-Christus, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Mancilla
- Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Muñoz
- Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Waldo Martínez
- Cirugía Digestiva, Clínica Colonial, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Mansilla
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Giancarlo Schiappacasse
- Departamento de Radiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Santamarina
- Departamento de Radiología, Hospital Naval Almirante Nef, Viña del Mar, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Álvaro Huete
- Departamento de Radiología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Candia
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital Clínico UC-Christus, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Silva
- Hospital Regional de Coyhaique, Coyhaique, Chile
| | - Cecilia Castillo
- Cirugía Endoscópica, Hospital Clínico San Borja Arriarán; Endoscopía, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo Richter
- Departamento de Cirugía Digestiva, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Mejía
- Departamento de Cirugía Digestiva, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Vial
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Jorge Martínez
- Departamento de Cirugía Digestiva, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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9
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Misad S C, Walker B K, Valbuena JR, Guerra S C, Camus A M, Ocqueteau M, Loyola S, Zoroquiain P. [Anaplastic large cell lymphoma associated with breast implants, diagnosed by fine needle aspiration. Report of one case]. Rev Med Chil 2021; 148:1207-1212. [PMID: 33399788 DOI: 10.4067/s0034-98872020000801207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin T-cell lymphoma, recently defined in the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lymphoid neoplasms. It occurs more commonly when textured implants are used and appears clinically as a late seroma. Cytologically, these lesions are composed of large atypical cells with pleomorphic nucleus and an immunophenotype positive for T cell markers and CD30, and negative for ALK1. We report a 56-years-old woman with breast implants who developed a periprosthetic seroma three years after surgery. A fine needle aspiration of the lesion was carried out. Cytology and the immunocytochemical study revealed cells compatible with BIA-ALCL. The flow cytometric study was negative. Excisional biopsy of the capsule was performed, observing that the neoplastic cells were confined to the inner surface of the capsule. Imaging studies did not find evidence of disseminated disease. The present case demonstrates the importance of the study of any late periprosthetic effusion, which can be performed using fine needle aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Misad S
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kenneth Walker B
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José R Valbuena
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Guerra S
- Cirugía Plástica y Reparativa, Red de Salud UC Christus, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Sandra Loyola
- Departamento de radiología, Red de Salud UC Christus, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Zoroquiain
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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10
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Uslar T, Chahuán J, Olmos R, Rodríguez C, Astudillo R, Zoroquiain P, Solar A, Espino A, León A, Fardella C, Domínguez JM. [Papillary thyroid carcinoma presenting with pancreatic metastases. Report of one case]. Rev Med Chil 2021; 148:1025-1030. [PMID: 33399688 DOI: 10.4067/s0034-98872020000701025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Uslar
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Chahuán
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Olmos
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Rodríguez
- Departamento de Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Pablo Zoroquiain
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonieta Solar
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alberto Espino
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Augusto León
- Departamento de Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Fardella
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Miguel Domínguez
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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11
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Grau AE, González S, Zoroquiain P, González PA, Khaliliyeh D, Morselli E, Cortés D. Evidence of autophagic vesicles in a patient with Lisch corneal dystrophy. Arq Bras Oftalmol 2020; 83:146-148. [PMID: 32159595 DOI: 10.5935/0004-2749.20200027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lisch corneal dystrophy is a rare corneal disease characterized by the distinctive feature of highly vacuolated cells. Although this feature is important, the nature of these vacuoles within corneal cells remains unknown. Here, we sought to analyze corneal cells from a patient diagnosed with Lisch dystrophy to characterize the vacuoles within these cells. Analyses using histopathology examination, confocal microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were all consistent with previous descriptions of Lisch cells. Importantly, the vacuoles within these cells appeared to be autophagosomes and autolysosomes, and could be stained with an anti-microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) antibody. Taken together, these findings indicate that the vacuoles we observed within superficial corneal cells of a patient with Lisch corneal dystrophy constituted autophagosomes and autolysosomes; this finding has not been previously reported and suggests a need for further analyses to define the role of autophagy in this ocular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo E Grau
- Ophthalmology Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio González
- Pathology Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Zoroquiain
- Pathology Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A González
- Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Khaliliyeh
- Ophthalmology Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dennis Cortés
- Ophthalmology Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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12
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Bergeron S, Sanft DM, Zoroquiain P, Esposito E, Arthurs B, Burnier MN. An unusual orbital tumor in an adult: Granuloma annulare. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2018; 13:9-12. [PMID: 30505978 PMCID: PMC6247445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Granuloma annulare (GA) is a rare clinical entity that does not classically arise from the peri-orbital area in adults. The purpose of this case report is to present a 69-year-old female with GA of the orbit. As well, the pathological and immunohistochemical features of these tumors will be discussed. Observations One case of GA of the orbit was identified from a tertiary ophthalmology referral centre. Clinical and histopathological features of the case were reviewed. Other cases of GA were also retrieved from the literature and addressed in this report. Conclusion and importance Granuloma annulare is a rare orbital lesion in adults. It is known to typically arise on the hands and feet of children. This lesion must be distinguished from necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (NXG), which is a progressive peri-orbital dermatosis seen in middle age men and women. GA is thought to be a benign, often self-resolving condition, whereas NXG tends to be linked to other systemic conditions and may have a poorer prognosis.Differentiating this rare orbital tumor from necrobitotic xanthogranuloma (NXG) is essential, as both a systemic work-up and follow-up must be appropriately arranged. A comprehensive description of pathognomonic microscopic features of GA and NXG is reviewed to achieve the correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Bergeron
- MUHC - McGill University Ocular Pathology Laboratory, 1001 Boul Decarie, Block E, E02.6217, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Corresponding author. MUHC – McGill University Ocular Pathology Laboratory 1001 Boul. Décarie, Block E, Drop Point E02.6217, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Debra-Meghan Sanft
- MUHC - McGill University Ocular Pathology Laboratory, 1001 Boul Decarie, Block E, E02.6217, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- McGill Ophthalmology Department, 5252 de Maisonneuve Ouest, 4th Floor, Montreal, QC, H4A 3S5, Canada
| | - Pablo Zoroquiain
- MUHC - McGill University Ocular Pathology Laboratory, 1001 Boul Decarie, Block E, E02.6217, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Marcoleta 377, Santiago, 8330024, Chile
| | - Evangelina Esposito
- MUHC - McGill University Ocular Pathology Laboratory, 1001 Boul Decarie, Block E, E02.6217, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Ophthalmology Department, Reina Fabiola University Clinic, Catholic University of Cordoba, Oncativo, 1248, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Bryan Arthurs
- McGill Ophthalmology Department, 5252 de Maisonneuve Ouest, 4th Floor, Montreal, QC, H4A 3S5, Canada
| | - Miguel N. Burnier
- MUHC - McGill University Ocular Pathology Laboratory, 1001 Boul Decarie, Block E, E02.6217, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- McGill Ophthalmology Department, 5252 de Maisonneuve Ouest, 4th Floor, Montreal, QC, H4A 3S5, Canada
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13
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Alamri H, Patterson NH, Yang E, Zoroquiain P, Lazaris A, Chaurand P, Metrakos P. Mapping the triglyceride distribution in NAFLD human liver by MALDI imaging mass spectrometry reveals molecular differences in micro and macro steatosis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:885-894. [PMID: 30515538 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic lipid accumulation, mainly in the form of triglycerides (TGs), is the hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To date, the spatial distribution of individual lipids in NAFLD-affected livers is not well characterized. This study aims to map the triglyceride distribution in normal human liver samples and livers with NAFLD and cirrhosis with imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI IMS). Specifically, whether individual triglyceride species differing by fatty acid chain length and degree of saturation correlate with the histopathological features of NAFLD as identified with classical H&E. Using a recently reported sodium-doped gold-assisted laser desorption/ionization IMS sample preparation, 20 human liver samples (five normal livers, five samples with simple steatosis, five samples with steatohepatitis, and five samples with cirrhosis) were analyzed at 10-μm lateral resolution. A total of 24 individual lipid species, primarily neutral lipids, were identified (22 TGs and two phospholipids). In samples with a low level of steatosis, TGs accumulated around the pericentral zone. In all samples, TGs with different degrees of side-chain saturation and side-chain length demonstrated differential distribution. Furthermore, hepatocytes containing macro lipid droplets were highly enriched in fully saturated triglycerides. This enrichment was also observed in areas of hepatocyte ballooning in samples with steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. In conclusion, macro lipid droplets in NAFLD are enriched in fully saturated triglycerides, indicating a possible increase in de novo lipogenesis that leads to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Alamri
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Center, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Nathan Heath Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada.,Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Ethan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Pablo Zoroquiain
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anthoula Lazaris
- Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Center-Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Pierre Chaurand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Peter Metrakos
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Center, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1A4, Canada. .,Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Center-Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada.
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14
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Abusleme EI, Nazar CA, Zoroquiain P. Schwannoma of the eyelid. A case report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 94:257-259. [PMID: 30449637 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The case is presented of a 57 year-old man with a one-year history of enlargement of the left upper eyelid. An excisional biopsy was performed, and the histological and immunohistochemical study confirmed the diagnosis of schwannoma. Schwannomas are benign peripheral nerve sheath tumours, derived from a Schwann cells proliferation. Eyelid involvement is extremely uncommon. To make the diagnosis, a detailed histopathological and immunohistochemical study is essential. This case suggests that schwannomas should be included within the differential diagnosis of any solid eyelid lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Abusleme
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C A Nazar
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - P Zoroquiain
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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15
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Bravo-Filho V, Logan P, Zoroquiain P, Aldrees S, Vilà N, Oweida A, Belfort Neto R, Burnier MN. Effects of ranibizumab and amfenac on the functional abilities and radiosensitivity of uveal melanoma cells. Arq Bras Oftalmol 2018; 82:38-44. [PMID: 30403264 DOI: 10.5935/0004-2749.20190004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of ranibizumab and amfenac in human uveal melanoma cell lines and to explore the ability of these compounds to sensitize uveal melanoma cells to radiation therapy. METHODS The 92.1 human uveal melanoma cell line was cultured and subjected to the proposed treatment (ranibizumab, amfenac, and a combination of both). Proliferation, migration, and invasion assays of the 92.1 uveal melanoma cell line were assessed after pretreatment with ranibizumab (125 mg/mL), amfenac (150 nM), or a combination of both. In addition, proliferation rates were assessed after treatment with ranibizumab and amfenac, and the cells were subsequently exposed to various radiation doses (0, 4, and 8 Gy). RESULTS Proliferation assay: cells treated with a combination of ranibizumab and amfenac had lower proliferation rates than controls (p=0.016) and than those treated with only ranibizumab (p=0.033). Migration assay: a significantly lower migration rate was observed in cells treated with amfenac than the control (p=0.014) and than those treated with ranibizumab (p=0.044). Invasion assay: there were no significant differences among the studied groups. Irradiation exposure: in the 4 Gy dose group, there were no significant differences among any groups. In the 8 Gy dose group, treatment with ranibizumab, amfenac, and their combination prior to application of the 8 Gy radiation led to a marked reduction in proliferation rates (p=0.009, p=0.01, and p=0.034, respectively) compared with controls. CONCLUSION Combination of ranibizumab and amfenac reduced the proliferation rate of uveal melanoma cells; however, only amfenac monotherapy significantly decreased cell migration. The radiosensitivity of the 92.1 uveal melanoma cell line increased following the administration of ranibizumab, amfenac, and their combination. Further investigation is warranted to determine if this is a viable pretreatment strategy to render large tumors amenable to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Bravo-Filho
- The Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Ophthalmology Department, Fundação Altino Ventura, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Patrick Logan
- The Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pablo Zoroquiain
- The Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sultan Aldrees
- The Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Natàlia Vilà
- The Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ayman Oweida
- Division of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rubens Belfort Neto
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Miguel N Burnier
- The Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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16
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Moreira-Neto CA, Bergeron S, Coblentz J, Zoroquiain P, Maloney S, Mastromonaco C, Esposito E, Romano A, Belfort Neto R, Moreira CA, Burnier JV, Burnier M. Optimizing optical coherence tomography and histopathology correlation in retinal imaging. Can J Ophthalmol 2018; 54:280-287. [PMID: 30975355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a methodology to correlate optical coherence tomography (OCT) images and histopathological sections from the same eye. Part 1: To determine the best fixative for optimal OCT and histopathological analysis in post-mortem eyes. Part 2: A protocol is proposed to correlate histopathological features and OCT scans from the same post-mortem eyes. DESIGN Experimental study. PARTICIPANTS Part 1: Twenty-three rabbit eyes and 14 post-mortem human eyes. Part 2: Nineteen post-mortem human eyes. METHODS Part 1: Six different fixatives were tested, and specimens were evaluated on 4 criteria: globe shape, structure opacification, retinal detachment, and nuclear details. Part 2: Based on the findings from Part 1, fixed human eyes were imaged using OCT. Orientation-controlled histopathological processing was performed to obtain serial tissue sections from paraffin embedded tissue, which were matched to corresponding OCT images. RESULTS Part 1: Of the 6 fixatives, 2% glutaraldehyde and Davidson's solution met the proposed criteria in rabbit eyes. Of these, glutaraldehyde showed similar results in human eyes and was selected for Part 2. Part 2: Using anatomical landmarks, cross-sectional histopathological sections in the same orientation as the OCT images were correlated to their corresponding OCT images. Retinal lesions such as a macular hole, an epiretinal membrane, and the presence of drusen were easily correlated, proving the reliability of our methodology. Moreover, the photoreceptor's inner/outer junction was correlated to a hyperreflective band on OCT. CONCLUSIONS A standardized protocol was developed to correlate OCT images and histopathological findings by generating serial cross-sections of the retina, which can be used to better understand otherwise ambiguous OCT findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Moreira-Neto
- Pathology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada; Ophthalmology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital de Olhos do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | | | - Jacqueline Coblentz
- Pathology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada; Ophthalmology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Shawn Maloney
- Pathology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada
| | | | | | - André Romano
- Pathology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada; Ophthalmology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rubens Belfort Neto
- Ophthalmology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Moreira
- Ophthalmology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital de Olhos do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Julia V Burnier
- Pathology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada; Ophthalmology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miguel Burnier
- Pathology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada; Ophthalmology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Mastromonaco C, Balazsi M, Zoroquiain P, Esposito E, Coblentz J, Logan P, Burnier MN. Removing Subjective Post-Mortem Grading from Posterior Capsular Opacification: A New Automated Detector Opacification Software, ADOS. Curr Eye Res 2018; 43:1362-1368. [DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2018.1501071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mastromonaco
- Ocular Pathology Laboratory- Department of Pathology, The MUHC-McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Pablo Zoroquiain
- Ocular Pathology Laboratory- Department of Pathology, The MUHC-McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Evangelina Esposito
- Ocular Pathology Laboratory- Department of Pathology, The MUHC-McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Coblentz
- Ocular Pathology Laboratory- Department of Pathology, The MUHC-McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick Logan
- Ocular Pathology Laboratory- Department of Pathology, The MUHC-McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Miguel N. Burnier
- Ocular Pathology Laboratory- Department of Pathology, The MUHC-McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, MUHC-McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Miyamoto D, Maruta C, Santi C, Zoroquiain P, Dias AB, Fukumori L, Perigo A, Aoki V, Burnier M. How can immunohistochemistry improve the diagnosis of pemphigus foliaceus? Human Pathology: Case Reports 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ehpc.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Bergeron S, Zoroquiain P, Esposito E, Arthurs B, Burnier MN. Cytokeratin 7 negative and cytokeratin 20 positive orbital metastatic breast carcinoma. Human Pathology: Case Reports 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ehpc.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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20
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Miyamoto D, Maruta CW, Santi CG, Zoroquiain P, Dias ABT, Mansure JJ, Burnier MN, Aoki V. Exploring the in situ expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and endoglin in pemphigus foliaceus variants and pemphigus vulgaris. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:1954-1958. [PMID: 29489039 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythroderma is a severe manifestation of pemphigus foliaceus (PF), a blistering disease mediated by IgG autoantibodies against desmoglein 1. Increasing evidence supports the contribution of angiogenic mediators in the pathogenesis of erythroderma. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in situ expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endoglin in patients with PF with erythroderma. METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded skin samples obtained from patients with erythrodermic PF (n = 19; 12 patients with endemic PF), non-erythrodermic PF (n = 17), pemphigus vulgaris (PV; n = 10), psoriasis (n = 10) and healthy individuals (HI; n = 10) were processed in an automated immunohistochemistry platform utilizing anti-VEGF and anti-endoglin as primary antibodies. Reactivity was evaluated both manually (0 = negative; 1+ = mild; 2+ = intense) and through an automated microvessel analysis algorithm. RESULTS Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in erythrodermic PF was higher than in non-erythrodermic PF (P = 0.034) and in HI (P = 0.004), and similar to psoriasis (P = 0.667) and PV (P = 0.667). In non-erythrodermic PF, VEGF positivity was similar to HI (P = 0.247), and lower than psoriasis (P = 0.049) and PV (P = 0.049). Both erythrodermic and non-erythrodermic PF presented similar endoglin expression (P = 0.700). In addition, endoglin positivity during erythrodermic PF was similar to psoriasis (P = 0.133) and lower than PV (P = 0.0009). Increased expression of in situVEGF suggests that healing processes are triggered in response to tissue damage led by autoantibodies in PF, especially during erythroderma. Reduced endoglin positivity suggests that an unbalanced angiogenesis may occur during erythrodermic PF. Further studies may help to confirm if the regulation of VEGF and endoglin expression in patients with PF can contribute to control the healing process and enable disease remission. CONCLUSION Overexpression of VEGF in erythrodermic PF as well as in PV and psoriasis points out a dysregulated repair process in severe forms of these diseases and suggests VEGF and endoglin could act as prognostic markers and future therapeutic targets to enable proper healing in PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Miyamoto
- Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,MUHC - McGill University Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - C W Maruta
- Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C G Santi
- Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P Zoroquiain
- MUHC - McGill University Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - A B T Dias
- MUHC - McGill University Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - J J Mansure
- Department of Urology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M N Burnier
- MUHC - McGill University Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - V Aoki
- Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zoroquiain P, Mastromonaco C, Balaszi M, Lasiste J, Aldrees S, Saheb N, Burnier MN. Histopathological trabecular meshwork remodeling after cataract surgery detected with an advanced image analyzer. J Cataract Refract Surg 2018; 44:98-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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22
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Sousa DC, Zoroquiain P, Orellana ME, Dias AB, Esposito E, Burnier MN. HER2 Overexpression in Retinoblastoma: A Potential Therapeutic Target? Ocul Oncol Pathol 2017; 3:210-215. [PMID: 29230390 DOI: 10.1159/000455871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy. Current therapies are associated with high morbidity in the short- and long-term. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a transmembrane protein detected in 15-30% of breast cancers, but it has also been described in other malignancies. Recently, it has been claimed that a truncated version of this protein is expressed in RB, responsive to directed therapies in vitro. We scored HER2 overexpression in RB tissue samples and discussed its potential clinical utility. Methods HER2 overexpression was investigated using immunohistochemistry; the overexpression was evaluated with a score ranging from 0 to 3+ according to the membranous staining pattern in archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded RBs. Results A total of 60 RB cases and a RB cell line (Y79) were considered. The mean age at enucleation was 31.6 ± 31.5 months. The mean time from diagnosis to enucleation was 11.8 ± 11.2 months (range 1-44). Five (8%) cases were multifocal. HER2 overexpression was negative in all RB cases (49 cases scored 0 and 11 scored 1+) and in the Y79 cell line. Conclusions Overall, we were not able to demonstrate the overexpression of HER2. Further studies should clarify and better elucidate the potential role of HER2-targeted therapies in RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cordeiro Sousa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Estudos Ciências da Visão, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pablo Zoroquiain
- MUHC - McGill University Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Montreal, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Maria Eugenia Orellana
- Instituto Anatomopatológico "Dr. José A. O'Daly", Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Ana Beatriz Dias
- MUHC - McGill University Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Montreal, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Evangelina Esposito
- MUHC - McGill University Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Montreal, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Miguel N Burnier
- MUHC - McGill University Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Montreal, Quebec City, Canada
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Vila N, Siblini A, Esposito E, Bravo-Filho V, Zoroquiain P, Aldrees S, Logan P, Arias L, Burnier MN. Blue-light filtering alters angiogenic signaling in human retinal pigmented epithelial cells culture model. BMC Ophthalmol 2017; 17:198. [PMID: 29096624 PMCID: PMC5667496 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-017-0592-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Light exposure and more specifically the spectrum of blue light contribute to the oxidative stress in Age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The purpose of the study was to establish whether blue light filtering could modify proangiogenic signaling produced by retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells under different conditions simulating risk factors for AMD. Methods Three experiments were carried out in order to expose ARPE-19 cells to white light for 48 h with and without blue light-blocking filters (BLF) in different conditions. In each experiment one group was exposed to light with no BLF protection, a second group was exposed to light with BLF protection, and a control group was not exposed to light. The ARPE-19 cells used in each experiment prior to light exposure were cultured for 24 h as follows: Experiment 1) Normoxia, Experiment 2) Hypoxia, and Experiment 3) Lutein supplemented media in normoxia. The media of all groups was harvested after light exposure for sandwich ELISA-based assays to quantify 10 pro-angiogenic cytokines. Results A significant decrease in angiogenin secretion levels and a significant increase in bFGF were observed following light exposure, compared to dark conditions, in both normoxia and hypoxia conditions. With the addition of a blue light-blocking filter in normoxia, a significant increase in angiogenin levels was observed. Although statistical significance was not achieved, blue light filters reduce light-induced secretion of bFGF and VEGF to near normal levels. This trend is also observed when ARPE-19 cells are grown under hypoxic conditions and when pre-treated with lutein prior to exposure to experimental conditions. Conclusions Following light exposure, there is a decrease in angiogenin secretion by ARPE-19 cells, which was abrogated with a blue light - blocking filter. Our findings support the position that blue light filtering affects the secretion of angiogenic factors by retinal pigmented epithelial cells under normoxic, hypoxic, and lutein-pretreated conditions in a similar manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vila
- Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Pathology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. .,Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Ophthalmology Department, Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Aya Siblini
- Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Pathology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Evangelina Esposito
- Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Pathology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vasco Bravo-Filho
- Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Pathology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pablo Zoroquiain
- Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Pathology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sultan Aldrees
- Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Pathology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Patrick Logan
- Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Pathology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lluis Arias
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Ophthalmology Department, Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel N Burnier
- Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Pathology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Palmieri V, Lazaris A, Alamri H, Amri A, Ibrahim N, Zoroquiain P, Vermeulen P, Metrakos P. Abstract 2834: Metastatic colorectal cancer: characterization of distinct histological growth patterns which demonstrate different response to current treatment regimes. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-2834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in North America, and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. About 50% of patients will be diagnosed with CRC liver metastasis (CRCLM) during the course of their disease. We have identified two major histological growth patterns (HGP) in CRCLM resected from patients. In the desmoplastic HGP (DHGP), the tumor cells are enclosed within a desmoplastic stromal ring, physically separating them from the normal liver tissue. In the replacement HGP (RHGP), the tumor cells replace normal hepatocytes without disrupting adjacent cells or structures within the liver parenchyma. We have recently shown that patients with RHGP lesions who received neoadjuvant bevacizumab plus chemotherapy had a worse pathological response and five-year overall survival. Our group has also shown that RHGP CRCLM is resistant to anti-angiogenic therapy due to it promoting vessel co-option as a means of tumor vascularization, rather than VEGF-dependent angiogenesis as seen in DHGP. However, the molecular mechanisms that drive the CRCLM HGPs remain unknown.
This project aims to shed light on the biological processes that underlie the diversity of HGPs, with an emphasis on the key genes and pathways that support the RHGP. To test this, we have: Aim 1) performed RNAseq on chemonaïve RHGP and DHGP CRCLM lesions to identify pathways that are significantly upregulated in the RHGP. We have validated these genes via real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and a subset by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Aim 2) To further refine the RHGP gene signature and to examine the effects of cell-cell interactions on hepatocyte and tumor cell gene expression, individual cells have been isolated from distinct regions within RHGP CRCLM tissues using laser capture microdissection (LCM), followed by single-cell transcriptomics analyses.
Our preliminary data have identified three major pathways with differentially expressed genes: i. cell motility, ii. cell junctions, and iii. ECM-receptor interactions, which are upregulated in RHGP relative to the DHGP and normal liver. A panel of RHGP-specific genes has been identified and validated via RT-PCR. We selected a subset of these genes and are performing IHC to further validate and locate their expression. We have also performed LCM and are in the process of performing transcriptomics analyses – the data will be presented.
We expect to gain some insight into the mechanisms responsible for driving and/or maintaining the RHGP lesions. In the longer term, this work will result in identification of targets in the HGPs that will help stratify patients in terms of treatment. It would appear that we have fewer treatment options for the RHGP patients and it would be important to utilize the data to develop new treatment strategies for those patients. These new therapies would lead to further clinical trials.
Citation Format: Vincent Palmieri, Anthoula Lazaris, Hussam Alamri, Abdellatif Amri, Nisreen Ibrahim, Pablo Zoroquiain, Peter Vermeulen, Peter Metrakos. Metastatic colorectal cancer: characterization of distinct histological growth patterns which demonstrate different response to current treatment regimes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2834. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2834
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthoula Lazaris
- 2McGill University Health Centre - Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hussam Alamri
- 2McGill University Health Centre - Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Abdellatif Amri
- 2McGill University Health Centre - Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Pablo Zoroquiain
- 2McGill University Health Centre - Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter Vermeulen
- 3Translational Cancer Research Unit (TCRU), GZA Hospitals, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Metrakos
- 2McGill University Health Centre - Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Esposito E, Aldrees S, Mastromonaco C, Zoroquiain P, Vila N, Logan PT, Hari S, Burnier MN. Evaluation of nicotinamide as an anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic agent in
uveal melanoma cell lines. Arq Bras Oftalmol 2017; 80:74-77. [DOI: 10.5935/0004-2749.20170019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Vilà N, Coblentz J, Moreira-Neto C, Bravo-Filho V, Zoroquiain P, Burnier Jr. MN. Pretreatment of RPE Cells with Lutein Can Mitigate Bevacizumab-Induced Increases in Angiogenin and bFGF. Ophthalmic Res 2016; 57:48-53. [DOI: 10.1159/000449252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Aldrees SS, Zoroquiain P, Alghamdi SA, Logan P, Kavalec C, Burnier M. Apocrine adenocarcinoma of the eyelid. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:1086-8. [PMID: 27500123 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.07.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sultan S Aldrees
- The Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, 1001 Boul Decarie, Montreal H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, King Saud University, PO Box 245, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pablo Zoroquiain
- The Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, 1001 Boul Decarie, Montreal H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Sarah A Alghamdi
- The Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, 1001 Boul Decarie, Montreal H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Patrick Logan
- The Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, 1001 Boul Decarie, Montreal H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Conrad Kavalec
- Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, 5252 Boul de Maisonneuve ouest, Montreal H4A 3S5, Canada
| | - Miguel Burnier
- The Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, 1001 Boul Decarie, Montreal H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, 5252 Boul de Maisonneuve ouest, Montreal H4A 3S5, Canada
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Lazaris A, Amri A, Zoroquiain P, Petrillo SK, Mattar R, Gao ZH, Vermeulen P, Metrakos P. Abstract 1695: Vascularization of colorectal cancer liver metastasis: correlation with growth patterns. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-1695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in North America. Approximately 50% of patients will be diagnosed with CRC liver metastasis (CRLM) during the course of their disease. Untreated, patients will survive for only a few months, but with chemotherapy, a median survival of 20 months can be achieved. At present, no reliable indicators exist to predict outcome or prognosis in treatable patients. Moreover, no biological parameters are currently being considered for patient stratification into different treatment groups.
We examined CRCLM resected from patients and have identified two major histologic growth patterns (HGP): a desmoplastic (DHGP) pattern and a replacement (RHGP) pattern where tumor cells replace parenchymal cells in the liver plates. These HGP involve distinct modes of angiogenesis and host cell responses. Namely, liver metastases with a RHGP grow by co-opting the stroma, without hypoxia-induced angiogenesis and with little perturbation of the liver architecture. In contrast, metastases with a DHGP show characteristics of ongoing, hypoxia-driven angiogenesis including increased fibrin deposition at the tumour-liver interface and increased endothelial cell proliferation. In addition RHGP is associated with poor clinical response to bevacizumab chemotherapy. These differences suggest that the two patterns trigger distinct microenvironment responses and as a consequence, may initiate and utilize different modes of vascularization and expansion. Our hypothesis is that there are distinct gene expression signatures in the tumor and/or host compartments of different HGPs, which will shed light on the biological mechanisms underlying this diversity of HGPs. To test this hypothesis we: i) have extracted high quality RNA from lesions of chemonaïve patients and through RNAseq analysis identified gene expression differences between DHGP, RHGP lesions ii.) to further understand the role of tumor associated vascularity, we have stained different lesions (chemonaïve, chemo only and chemo + bevacizumab) with vascular markers to look at tumor associated blood vessels (immature, intermediate and mature: aSMA1 & CD31) and the rate of endothelial cell proliferation (Ki67/CD34).
Our preliminary data demonstrates the expression of neo-vessels in the DHGP desmoplastic ring and in the peripheral tumor along the parenchyma tissue have lower vascularity with fewer branches that are supplying the tumor. The RHGP has similar vasculature to the adjacent normal tissue with a sinusoidal network of blood supply and a higher vascularity than DHGP. We are now correlating these findings with RNAseq expression data.
This work will result in the identification of targets in the HGPs that will help stratify patients in terms of treatment. We currently have less treatment options for the RHGP patients and it would be important to utilize the data from this study to develop new treatment strategies for those patients.
Citation Format: Anthoula Lazaris, Abdellatif Amri, Pablo Zoroquiain, Stephanie K. Petrillo, Rafif Mattar, Zu-Hua Gao, Peter Vermeulen, Peter Metrakos. Vascularization of colorectal cancer liver metastasis: correlation with growth patterns. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1695.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthoula Lazaris
- 1McGill University Health Centre- Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Abdellatif Amri
- 1McGill University Health Centre- Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pablo Zoroquiain
- 1McGill University Health Centre- Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Rafif Mattar
- 1McGill University Health Centre- Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zu-Hua Gao
- 1McGill University Health Centre- Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter Vermeulen
- 2Translational Cancer Research Unit (TCRU), GZA Hospitals, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Metrakos
- 1McGill University Health Centre- Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Zoroquiain P, Logan P, Bravo-Filho V, Vila N, Jabbour S, Orellana ME, Burnier MN. Diagnosing Pathological Prognostic Factors in Retinoblastoma: Correlation between Traditional Microscopy and Digital Slides. Ocul Oncol Pathol 2016; 1:259-65. [PMID: 27354984 DOI: 10.1159/000381155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It was the aim of this study to determine the diagnostic accuracy of high-risk prognostic factors and morphological characteristics of retinoblastomas using digital whole slide images (WSI) generated by a scanner. METHODS Forty-seven H&E sections of glass slides with high-risk morphological features of retinoblastoma were analyzed. Slides were scanned as WSI and reviewed. The results were compared with those obtained after reviewing the slides using a regular microscope as the gold standard. McNemar's test (MT), the percentage of agreement (POA), and sensitivity (S) and specificity (Sp) were evaluated between WSI and conventional microscopy. RESULTS There were no differences with respect to multicentricity, growth type, rosette formation, choroidal invasion, anterior chamber invasion, extraocular extension, scleral extension, optic nerve invasion, necrosis, or Azzopardi effect between WSI analysis and light microscopy (MT, p = 1.0; POA = 100%; S = 100%, and Sp = 100%). Discordance was found in 1 case where calcification could not be found using WSI (MT, p = 1.00; POA = 97.9%; S = 100%, and Sp = 97.8%). CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report using digital pathology (WSI) to evaluate prognostic factors in eyes containing retinoblastomas. Using WSI, the pathologist was able to detect high-risk morphological features in retinoblastoma. To date, WSI is an important tool, in particular for ophthalmic pathologists examining enucleation and exenteration specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Zoroquiain
- Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patrick Logan
- Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada
| | - Vasco Bravo-Filho
- Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada
| | - Natalia Vila
- Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada
| | - Samir Jabbour
- Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada
| | - Maria Eugenia Orellana
- Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada
| | - Miguel N Burnier
- Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada
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Goñi Espildora I, Jans J, Petric Guajardo M, Manzor Veliz M, Flores Pérez JC, Varas Marchant G, Muñoz-Schuffenegger P, Zoroquiain P. Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva with extraocular involvement: case report and literature review. Medwave 2016; 16:e6453. [PMID: 27281468 DOI: 10.5867/medwave.2016.04.6453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva is the most frequent malignant tumor of the ocular surface. It is a rare disease with an incidence of 0.13 to 1.9 per 100,000 inhabitants, mainly affecting individuals between 50 and 75 years of age. It tends to have a slow, non-aggressive course. Treatment depends on the extent of the tumor. If there is intraocular involvement, enucleation is indicated, and in the presence of extraocular involvement the orbital exenteration is the standard treatment. We report and discuss the case of an 82 year old male patient having a conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma with intra and extraocular involvement, together with a review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Goñi Espildora
- Departamento de Cirugía Oncológica y Maxilofacial, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Address: Marcoleta 352, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile.
| | - Jaime Jans
- Departamento de Cirugía Oncológica y Maxilofacial, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Militza Petric Guajardo
- Departamento de Cirugía Oncológica y Maxilofacial, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Manzor Veliz
- Departamento de Cirugía Oncológica y Maxilofacial, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan C Flores Pérez
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Pablo Muñoz-Schuffenegger
- Servicio de Radioterapia, Departamento de Hematología-Oncología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Zoroquiain
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Balazsi M, Blanco P, Zoroquiain P, Levine MD, Burnier MN. Invasive ductal breast carcinoma detector that is robust to image magnification in whole digital slides. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2016; 3:027501. [PMID: 27226977 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.3.2.027501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive ductal breast carcinomas (IDBCs) are the most frequent and aggressive subtypes of breast cancer, affecting a large number of Canadian women every year. Part of the diagnostic process includes grading the cancerous tissue at the microscopic level according to the Nottingham modification of the Scarff-Bloom-Richardson system. Although reliable, there exists a growing interest in automating the grading process, which will provide consistent care for all patients. This paper presents a solution for automatically detecting regions expressing IDBC in images of microscopic tissue, or whole digital slides. This represents the first stage in a larger solution designed to automatically grade IDBC. The detector first tessellated whole digital slides, and image features were extracted, such as color information, local binary patterns, and histograms of oriented gradients. These were presented to a random forest classifier, which was trained and tested using a database of 66 cases diagnosed with IDBC. When properly tuned, the detector balanced accuracy, F1 score, and Dice's similarity coefficient were 88.7%, 79.5%, and 0.69, respectively. Overall, the results seemed strong enough to integrate our detector into a larger solution equipped with components that analyze the cancerous tissue at higher magnification, automatically producing the histopathological grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Balazsi
- McGill University, Centre for Intelligent Machines, Electrical and Computer Engineering, 3480 University Street, City, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A7, Canada; McGill University, Department of Pathology, Henry C. Witelson Laboratory, 1001 Boulevard Decarie, Block E, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Paula Blanco
- McGill University , Department of Pathology, Henry C. Witelson Laboratory, 1001 Boulevard Decarie, Block E, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Pablo Zoroquiain
- McGill University , Department of Pathology, Henry C. Witelson Laboratory, 1001 Boulevard Decarie, Block E, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Martin D Levine
- McGill University , Centre for Intelligent Machines, Electrical and Computer Engineering, 3480 University Street, City, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A7, Canada
| | - Miguel N Burnier
- McGill University , Department of Pathology, Henry C. Witelson Laboratory, 1001 Boulevard Decarie, Block E, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
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Abstract
Conjunctival melanoma is the second most common conjunctival malignancy. Its differential diagnosis with other conjunctival melanocytic neoplasms is inherently difficult. The presence of epithelial cysts is a useful feature in conjunctival tumors and favors a benign lesion. Herein 2 cases of conjunctival melanoma with cysts are presented. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first series of conjunctival melanoma with epithelial inclusion cysts. This series emphasizes the importance of considering several malignant features when reviewing conjunctival melanocytic lesions, as malignancy can exist even in the presence of epithelial inclusion cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Zoroquiain
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Zoroquiain P, Vila N, Bravo-Filho V, Dias ABT, Sanft DM, Chen J, Galic J, Kapusta M, Mastromonaco C, Aldrees SS, Burnier J, Burnier MN. Pericyte Status in Routinely Discarded Vitrectomy Samples May Be an Early Marker of Diabetic Retinopathy. Ophthalmic Res 2016; 56:79-84. [PMID: 27160208 DOI: 10.1159/000445212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness among the working-age population. The earliest morphological manifestation of the disease is pericyte loss, as shown by animal models. AIMS The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of pericytes in vitreous samples (VS) from diabetic and nondiabetic patients. METHODS VS from 125 patients with and without diabetes were analyzed. Thirty-three of the VS contained blood vessels and were therefore included in further analysis. Pericyte status was evaluated using α-smooth muscle actin and quantified using the following scoring system: total loss (3), >50% loss (2), <50% loss (1), and no loss (0). RESULTS Of the 33 VS, 29 samples were from patients with diabetes and 4 from nondiabetic patients. Six diabetic cases had a score of 1, 8 diabetic cases had a score of 2, and 15 cases had a score of 3. A positive correlation between glycemia levels and pericyte loss was observed (p = 0.0016; Spearman's r = 0.61). Moreover, all nondiabetic cases had a score of 0 (sensitivity and specificity = 100%). CONCLUSION Pericyte loss in VS might be a sensitive and specific marker of DR that correlates with glycemia levels. Furthermore, VS, which are currently discarded, may contain valuable information for diabetic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Zoroquiain
- Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada
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Chaves CM, Chaves C, Zoroquiain P, Belfort R, Burnier MN. Ocular Gnathostomiasis in Brazil: A Case Report. Ocul Oncol Pathol 2016; 2:194-6. [PMID: 27239465 DOI: 10.1159/000444259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gnathostomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by nematode larvae ingestion of 15 known species of the genus Gnathostoma (one of the Gnathostomatidae family members). This parasite uses freshwater fish as a host and can infect - through the consumption of raw fish or their viscera - other animals such as dogs, cats, chickens, pigs, and humans. This parasitic disease, with humans acting as hosts, has been known since 1945 (India), and ocular complications have been known since 2004 (intravitreal; also described in India). Latin American countries, especially Mexico and Peru, have reported cases of the disease since 1970. The first dermatological case was reported in Brazil in 2009 (the individual had acquired the disease in Peru). This article describes the first reported ophthalmic case of the disease in Brazil and refers to a male patient, 30 years old, living in the municipality of Juruá, Amazonas State. The disease evolved within 30 days through a fistulized tumor in the inner corner of the lower eyelid. Following excision, the anatomical and histopathological examination revealed the presence of a different parasite species from other previously known genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia M Chaves
- Ophthalmology Department, Nilton Lins University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio Chaves
- Clinical and Surgical Department, Amazonas Federal University (UFAM), Manaus, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pablo Zoroquiain
- Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Montreal, Que., Canada
| | - Rubens Belfort
- Ophthalmology Department, Medical School, São Paulo Federal University (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miguel N Burnier
- Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Montreal, Que., Canada
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Zoroquiain P, Faingold D, Algahmdi S, Vila N, Logan P, Sanft DM, Toledo Dias AB, Aldrees S, Bravo-Filho V, Burnier J, Burnier MN. Analysis of HSP90 Expression Is Valuable in the Differential Diagnosis of Ocular Surface Squamous Lesions. Am J Clin Pathol 2016; 145:385-92. [PMID: 27124921 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqw007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) expression in squamous lesions (SLs) and to assess its diagnostic value for different lesions within the SL spectrum. METHODS A total of 70 conjunctival SLs, including 19 papillomas, 22 cases of conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (ConINs) I, 11 cases of ConIN II, six cases of ConIN III, and 12 squamous carcinomas (sqCAs), were evaluated using the German immunoreactive score against HSP90. RESULTS Cytoplasmic HSP90 expression differed between low- and high-grade lesions (P < .001). Among high-grade lesions, the nuclear HSP90 score was higher in the ConIN III-sqCA group than in the ConIN II group (P = .0162). A percentage of total thickness staining of less than 73% differentiated between ConIN III and sqCA. CONCLUSIONS The expression of HSP90 is particularly useful to differentiate low-grade from high-grade lesions of the conjunctiva. HSP90 may play an important role in the malignant transformation of SLs and could be a new target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Zoroquiain
- From the Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago.
| | - Dana Faingold
- From the Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sarah Algahmdi
- From the Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Natalia Vila
- From the Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Patrick Logan
- From the Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Debra-Meghan Sanft
- From the Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Sultan Aldrees
- From the Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vasco Bravo-Filho
- From the Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Julia Burnier
- From the Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Miguel N Burnier
- From the Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Zoroquiain P, Ganimi MS, Alghamdi S, Burnier JV, Aldrees SS, Burnier MN. Traumatic iridial extrusion mimicking a conjunctival melanocytic neoplasm. Ecancermedicalscience 2016; 10:620. [PMID: 26913071 PMCID: PMC4754115 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2016.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjunctival melanoma is a rare malignant tumour of the eye. Its diagnosis represents a challenge for general pathologists due to low exposure to ocular biopsies and a broad differential diagnosis. In addition, conjunctival samples are often small and are associated with a high frequency of artefacts due to their processing. Here, we present the first case to date of a traumatic iridial extrusion masquerading as a conjunctival melanocytic neoplasm. An 83-year-old Asian man presented with a conjunctival-pigmented nodule surrounded by an area of diffuse pigmentation. Histopathology revealed in the nodule a well-demarcated lesion composed of spindle shaped melanocytes with thick-walled blood vessels. At higher magnification, the blood vessels were composed of thick walls with collagen fibres in an onion-skin-like arrangement. The histological findings were consistent with extruded iridial tissue. The map biopsies of the flat, pigmented lesion showed melanocytic cell proliferation with dendritic processes restricted to the lamina propria without any epithelial involvement, consistent with ocular melanocytosis. The diagnosis of conjunctival melanocytic lesions is challenging, and non-neoplastic conditions should always be included in the differential diagnosis. Pathologists should correlate clinicopathological findings and be familiar with the normal histology in order to achieve the correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Zoroquiain
- Department of Pathology, Henry C Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, 1001 Boul Decarie, Montreal H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Marcoleta 377, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Maria Sb Ganimi
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde de Juiz de Fora, Suprema, Alameda Salvaterra, 200 - Salvaterra, Juiz de Fora - MG 36033-003, Brazil
| | - Sarah Alghamdi
- Department of Pathology, Henry C Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, 1001 Boul Decarie, Montreal H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Julia V Burnier
- Department of Pathology, Henry C Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, 1001 Boul Decarie, Montreal H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Sultan S Aldrees
- Department of Pathology, Henry C Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, 1001 Boul Decarie, Montreal H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 245, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Miguel N Burnier
- Department of Pathology, Henry C Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, 1001 Boul Decarie, Montreal H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, 5252 Boul de Maisonneuve ouest, Montreal H4A 3S5, Canada
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Sanft DM, Worme MD, Rielo de Moura L, Zoroquiain P, Fernandes BF, Antecka E, Burnier Jr. MN. Immunohistochemical Analysis of PDGFR-a, PDGFR-� and c-Abl in Retinoblastoma: Potential Therapeutic Targets. Ophthalmic Res 2016; 55:159-62. [DOI: 10.1159/000442882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Halfed DG, Zoroquiain P, Wood HA, Blanco P, Al-Saati N, Aldrees S, Bravo-Filho V, Burnier MN. SIRT2 Expression Is Higher in Uveal Melanoma than In Ocular Melanocytes. Ocul Oncol Pathol 2015; 2:100-4. [PMID: 27171429 DOI: 10.1159/000439309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sirtuins (SIRTs) are the family of proteins associated with the cell cycle and that correlate with cancer development and progression. SIRTs have never been studied in uveal melanocytes. The aim of this study is to characterize the expression of SIRT2 in uveal melanoma (UM) cases and compare it with the expression of SIRT2 in melanocytes of the uveal tract of normal human eyes (NHE). METHODS Twenty-one formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human UM cases were immunostained for SIRT2, along with 15 NHE obtained from the Eye Bank of Canada. RESULTS SIRT2 expression was higher in melanomas than in normal melanocytes of both tumor and donor eyes (p < 0.0001). No significant difference in SIRT2 expression was found when comparing normal melanocytes in UM and NHE cases. CONCLUSIONS SIRT2 expression is significantly stronger in UM cells than in normal ocular melanocytes. This finding may indicate an important role of SIRT2 as a prognostic marker in UM progression. SIRT2 should also be investigated as a possible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle G Halfed
- Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada
| | - Pablo Zoroquiain
- Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada
| | - Henry A Wood
- Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada
| | - Paula Blanco
- Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada
| | - Nouf Al-Saati
- Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada
| | - Sultan Aldrees
- Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada
| | - Vasco Bravo-Filho
- Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada
| | - Miguel N Burnier
- Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada
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Alghamdi SA, Zoroquiain P, Dias ABT, Alhumaid SR, Aldrees S, Burnier MN. Diagnostic value of SOX-10 immunohistochemical staining for the detection of uveal melanoma. Ecancermedicalscience 2015; 9:566. [PMID: 26316887 PMCID: PMC4544573 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2015.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives SOX-10 has been shown to be a sensitive marker of cutaneous melanoma. This study aimed to evaluate Sox-10 expression in uveal melanoma. Methods A total of 40 tissue blocks of enucleated eyes with uveal melanoma were cut and stained using an anti-SOX-10 mouse monoclonal antibody and HMB-45 antibody. Results SOX-10 showed exclusive nuclear positivity in 100% of the uveal melanoma cases (38/38). HMB-45 showed cytoplasmic positivity in 97.3 (37/38). Positivity for SOX-10 was also noted in the inner and outer nuclear layers of the retina in 78% of the enucleated eyes. Conclusions SOX-10 expression proved to be the most sensitive marker for uveal melanoma, and therefore, we propose a modified panel for the diagnosis of uveal melanoma that includes both SOX-10 and HMB-45. The observation of distinct, diffuse nuclear SOX-10 expression in retinal inner and outer nuclear layers is a finding that warrants further investigation as a marker for retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Alghamdi
- Henry C Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Pablo Zoroquiain
- Henry C Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Ana Beatriz T Dias
- Henry C Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Sulaiman R Alhumaid
- Henry C Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Sultan Aldrees
- Henry C Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Miguel N Burnier
- Henry C Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, H4A 3J1, Canada
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Zoroquiain P, Moreno A, Oddó D. [Conjunctival rhinosporidiois diagnosed in a biopsy specimen]. Rev Chilena Infectol 2015; 31:213-5. [PMID: 24878912 DOI: 10.4067/s0716-10182014000200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
11 years old girl, from south region of Chile, without history of travels outside Chile nor the province, complaints of red eye with blepharitis and blood-tingued epiphora. Eye exam revealed a pseudomembrane. Clinical diagnosis was folicular conjunctivitis. A surgical removal was performed and the lesion sent to biopsy analysis. On microscopic examination numerous 50-150 microm cysts with keratinous wall and numerous endospores were found. Rinosporidiosis is an infection caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi that frecuently affects nasal cavity but could infect eye, urogenital tract and airways. This infections is considered endemic in Asia and Africa, but it is very important to have the suspicious among polyps in these areas because travel to endemic areas is become more frecuently.
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Jagan L, Zoroquiain P, Bravo-Filho V, Logan P, Qutub M, Burnier MN. Sebaceous adenomas of the eyelid and Muir-Torre Syndrome. Br J Ophthalmol 2015; 99:909-13. [PMID: 25595178 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Sebaceous adenomas (SAs) are rare, benign sebaceous gland tumours of the eyelid. SAs may be associated with primary internal malignancies. This association is known as Muir-Torre Syndrome (MTS). The purpose of this study was to approximate the prevalence of SAs, to determine the reliability of the clinical diagnosis of SAs and to demonstrate immunohistochemical staining of DNA mismatch repair proteins mutL homologue 1 (MLH1) and mutS homologue 2 (MSH2) for a case of MTS. METHODS We reviewed the histopathology reports from all eyelid specimens collected between 1993 and 2013 at the Henry C Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory to determine the proportion of SAs. For the SAs identified on histopathology, we looked at patient charts to see what diagnosis was originally suspected on clinical examination. Immunohistochemical staining for MLH1 and MSH2 was performed on all SAs to screen for MTS. RESULTS Of the 5884 eyelid specimens collected, 9 were SAs (6 women, 3 men; 42-72 years old). The diagnosis of SA was suspected clinically in only one of the nine cases based on the gross appearance of the eyelid lesion. Immunohistochemistry revealed one SA case with positive MLH1 expression and negative MSH2 expression. These findings prompted systemic work-up and this patient was diagnosed with MTS after discovery of a colon adenocarcinoma T2M0N0. CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis of eyelid SA is rare. The importance of this benign eyelid tumour stems from its association with internal malignancies in MTS. Immunohistochemical staining of mismatch repair proteins MLH1 and MSH2 is a valid and accessible strategy for investigating MTS in patients with SAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Jagan
- Henry C Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pablo Zoroquiain
- Henry C Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vasco Bravo-Filho
- Henry C Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick Logan
- Henry C Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohammed Qutub
- Henry C Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Miguel N Burnier
- Henry C Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Aldrees SS, Zoroquiain P, Logan PT, Qutub MF, Vila N, Bravo-Filho V, Kavalec CC, Burnier MN. Superficial epithelioma with sebaceous differentiation involving the eyelid: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2014; 8:466. [PMID: 25547332 PMCID: PMC4320459 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-8-466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Superficial epithelioma with sebaceous differentiation is a rare benign epithelial neoplasm. It usually involves the head, neck or the back of a middle-age person. To the best of our knowledge, two ocular cases have been reported in the literature. Case presentation A 46-year-old man of Italian descent, with a known history of testicular seminoma treated by orchiectomy with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, presented with a tan-colored lesion measuring 4mm in diameter in his right upper lid that had been growing over 10 months. It was clinically diagnosed as papilloma. An excisional biopsy was done. On histological examination, the lesion was a well-circumscribed and sharply demarcated epithelial tumor attached to the overlying epidermis and characterized by plate-like proliferation of basaloid to squamous cells with clusters of mature sebaceous cells and foci of ductal differentiation. After a follow-up period of 5 months, no recurrence of the lesion has been documented. Conclusions Superficial epithelioma with sebaceous differentiation is part of the differential diagnoses of eyelid lesions. Arguments in the literature about the correct nomenclature of superficial epithelioma with sebaceous differentiation have resulted in under-diagnosed cases. The benign histological features and the lack of recurrence support its benign nature. Although no clear association has linked superficial epithelioma with sebaceous differentiation with Muir–Torre syndrome, further clinical correlation and close follow up for patients are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan S Aldrees
- Henry C, Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, McGill University, 3775 Rue University, Room 216, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Briones J, Iruretagoyena M, Galindo H, Ortega C, Zoroquiain P, Valbuena J, Acevedo F, Ocqueteau M, Sánchez C. Thymoma associated with hypogammaglobulinaemia and pure red cell aplasia. Ecancermedicalscience 2013; 7:364. [PMID: 24171048 PMCID: PMC3797656 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2013.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymomas are neoplasias that begin in the thymus and develop in the anterior mediastinum. They are commonly associated with a variety of systemic and autoimmune disorders, such as pure red cell aplasia, hypogammaglobulinaemia, pancytopaenia, collagen diseases, and, most commonly, myasthenia gravis. The presence of inter-current infections, especially diarrhoea and pneumonia, in the presence of lymphocyte B depletion and hypogammaglobulinaemia is known as Good’s syndrome and may affect up to 5% of patients with thymoma. While anaemia is present in 50%–86% of patients with Good’s syndrome, only 41.9% of cases present pure red cell aplasia. Concomitance of these two conditions has only been rarely studied. We report on the case of a 55-year-old man diagnosed with advanced thymoma, who, during the progression of his disease, developed signs and symptoms suggesting Good’s syndrome and pure red cell aplasia. We also performed a brief review of the literature concerning this association, its clinical characteristics, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Briones
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Chile 8330024
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Zoroquiain P, Torres J, Goñi I, Fernández L, Solar A. True mixed medullary papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: a case report with low blood calcitonin levels. Endocr Pathol 2012; 23:168-71. [PMID: 22733476 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-012-9217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Zoroquiain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Zoroquiain P, Fernandes BF, González S, Novais GN, Schalper KA, Burnier MN. p16ink4a Expression in Benign and Malignant Melanocytic Conjunctival Lesions. Int J Surg Pathol 2012; 20:240-245. [DOI: 10.1177/1066896911435697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Acquired conjunctival melanocytic lesions include nevi, primary acquired melanoses (PAMs), and melanomas. Conjunctival melanoma is a malignant melanocytic neoplasm with a high metastasis and mortality rate. Usually, the diagnosis can be achieved only with routine microscopic analysis, but in some cases, the samples are small or have artifacts. In these cases, complementary studies will be helpful, but currently, there are no well-understood or studied complementary methods. Objective. To analyze the immunohistochemical expression of p16 in conjunctival melanocytic lesions and to assess its potential for differentiating between benign and malignant melanocytic lesions. Methods. Immunohistochemical study against p16ink4a (p16) was performed on paraffin-embedded sections on 45 melanocytic lesions (9 melanomas, 19 nevi, and 2 PAMs with atypia and 15 without atypia). Expression was scored according to the German immunoreactive score (IRS). Results. Expression of p16 IRS differed between nevi, PAMs, and melanomas. The mean IRS for melanomas was 3.3 ± 1.8 and was lower than those for nevi (7.63 ± 3.24; P < .05), PAM with atypia (12 ± 0; P < .05), and PAM without atypia (11 ± 1.69; P < .05). Lesions with infiltration depths lower than 2 mm showed higher levels of p16. There were no differences between favorable and unfavorable locations. Conclusion. p16 Expression in conjunctival melanocytic lesions showed an expression similar to that in skin and seems to be a good marker to differentiate nevi and PAMs from melanomas. However, additional studies of larger series and follow-up are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Zoroquiain
- The Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Montreal, Canada
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Ramalingam P, Zoroquiain P, Valbuena JR, Kemp BL, Medeiros LJ. Florid reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (lymphoma-like lesion) of the uterine cervix. Ann Diagn Pathol 2011; 16:21-8. [PMID: 22056039 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoma-like lesion (LLL) of the female genital tract is an older term in the literature that describes a florid reactive lymphoid proliferation that can be misinterpreted as lymphoma. Multiple causes of LLL have been suggested but most cases remain unexplained. We describe the clinicopathologic features of 6 patients with LLL involving the uterine cervix. Five patients presented with abnormal Papanicolaou test (Pap smear), and 3 patients had a biopsy procedure performed prior to detection of LLL in a loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). In each specimen, surface epithelial erosion was associated with a superficial, polymorphous lymphoid infiltrate with numerous scattered large cells, without cellular necrosis or sclerosis. Squamous dysplasia was present in 4 patients. Immunohistochemical studies revealed a mixed population of B- and T-lymphoid cells. T-cells were more numerous but B-cells and formed aggregates or sheets in areas. The large cells were predominantly B-cells positive for CD20 and negative for CD3 in all cases. CD30 was positive 3 cases, and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA was positive in 3 cases. Assessment for clonality in 1 patient using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods revealed monoclonal immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangements. At last clinical follow-up there was no evidence of progressive or systemic disease. We conclude that LLL of the cervix has a number of etiologies and that a prior surgical procedure, present in 3 patients in this study, is another possible etiology. As has been reported by others, monoclonal IgH gene rearrangements can be detected in this entity which has a benign clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetha Ramalingam
- Department of Pathology and Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, USA.
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Alves LFDA, Fernandes BF, Burnier JV, Zoroquiain P, Eskenazi DT, Burnier MN. Incidence of epithelial lesions of the conjunctiva in a review of 12,102 specimens in Canada (Quebec). Arq Bras Oftalmol 2011; 74:21-3. [PMID: 21670902 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27492011000100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the relative frequency of epithelial lesions of the conjunctiva in Canada. METHODS A retrospective study of 12,102 consecutive cases received during 16 years (1993-2009) at the Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory in Montreal, Canada, was performed. Demographic data was retrieved from histopathological request forms and specimens were categorized and analyzed by mean percentage. The relative frequency of epithelial lesions of the conjunctiva from a single center in Canada, representing the province of Quebec was reviewed. RESULTS Of the 12,102 specimens reviewed, 273 were conjunctival lesions (2.25%), including 86 epithelial tumors (0.71%) of the conjunctiva that comprised the studied sample. The average age of these patients was 59.9 ± 17.6 years, and gender distribution was 66 (69%) males and 30 (31%) females. Fifteen lesions (17.4%) were classified as squamous cell papillomas (mean age, 57.3 ± 16.7 years). Within the ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) spectrum, there were 10 (11.6%) actinic keratosis (63.8 ± 17.6 years), 27 (31.3%) cases of conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) with variable degrees of atypia (mild to moderate) (63.9 ± 15.3 years), 15 (17.4%) carcinomas in situ (66.7 ± 18.0 years), and 17 (19.7%) squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) (56.2 ± 19.4 years). Two other rare cases of malignant tumors included one basal cell carcinoma and one mucoepidermoid carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS The distribution of our sample is similar to the one reported by the American Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) in 1994. When we compare our sample to others coming from countries with high levels of sunlight exposure, we found a lower incidence of ocular surface squamous neoplasia, including squamous cell carcinomas in Canada.
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