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Vermeulen LC, Kolesar J, Crismon ML, Flynn AJ, Stevenson JG, Almeter PJ, Heath WM, Short GT, Enright SM, Ploetz P, Swarthout MD, Zellmer WA, Saenz R, Devereaux DS, Zilz DA, Hoffman JM, Evans WE, Knoer SJ, Ray MD. ASHP Foundation Pharmacy Forecast 2018: Strategic Planning Advice for Pharmacy Departments in Hospitals and Health Systems. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2017; 75:23-54. [PMID: 29158305 PMCID: PMC6407484 DOI: 10.2146/sp180001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lee C Vermeulen
- Chief, Academic Service Lines, UK HealthCare, Lexington, KY .,Professor of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Jill Kolesar
- Professor, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY .,Director, Early Phase Clinical Trials Center, Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY
| | - M Lynn Crismon
- Dean, James T. Doluisio Regents Chair and Behrens Centennial Professor, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Allen J Flynn
- Research Analyst, Medical School, School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - James G Stevenson
- Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI.,President, Hospital and Health-System Services, Visante, St. Paul, MN
| | - Philip J Almeter
- Director of Pharmacy, UK HealthCare, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY
| | - W Mike Heath
- COL (ret.) U.S. Army, Heath Healthcare Consulting, Lexington, KY
| | - G Tyler Short
- Pharmacy Resident, Department of Pharmacy, UK HealthCare, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Pam Ploetz
- Clinical Associate Professor Emeritus, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, Madison, WI
| | - Meghan D Swarthout
- Division Director, Ambulatory and Transitions of Care Services, Department of Pharmacy, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Rafael Saenz
- Administrator, Pharmacy Services, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Debra S Devereaux
- Senior Vice President, Pharmacy and Clinical Solutions, Gorman Health Group, Ft. Collins, CO
| | - David A Zilz
- Clinical Professor Emeritus, University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy, Madison, WI
| | - James M Hoffman
- Chief Patient Safety Officer, Associate Member, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - William E Evans
- Chair in Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Scott J Knoer
- Chief Pharmacy Officer, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Reynolds RC, Ploetz P, Thielke TS. Comparative analysis of drug distribution costs for controlled versus noncontrolled oral analgesics. Am J Hosp Pharm 1984; 41:1558-63. [PMID: 6475974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Total costs for controlled substance oral analgesics and non-controlled analgesics were compared for patients at a 548-bed university hospital. During 1983, all cost elements involved in drug delivery (excluding large-volume parenterals) were identified. Direct and indirect pharmacy labor costs were determined. Personnel costs were calculated from time studies of nurses (in 1979-80) and pharmacy technicians (in 1982). Other pharmacy costs, based on the hospital's 1982 data, included inventory holding costs, computer services, supplies, and drug acquisition costs. Costs were calculated for four oral analgesics--acetaminophen with codeine, aspirin with codeine, ibuprofen, and zomepirac sodium--used during a 30-day period in 1981. For all medications, total average cost per dose for 1,949,418 doses was $2.44, of which 41% was drug acquisition cost. Personnel costs for pharmacy and nursing accounted for 43% and 11%, respectively, of total costs. For 46% of 5111 oral analgesic doses, frequency of administration was at least four times daily. Average purchase cost per dose for the oral analgesics was $0.15, while total costs for the controlled and non-controlled drugs were $1.02 and $0.50, respectively. For the four oral analgesics in this study, cost was affected by dosage schedule and controlled or noncontrolled status. Calculation of the total average cost per dose is useful in projecting annual costs and in identifying areas for cost reduction.
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