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Das M, Jaya Balan D, Kasi PD. Mitigation of oxidative stress with dihydroactinidiolide, a natural product against scopolamine-induced amnesia in Swiss albino mice. Neurotoxicology 2021; 86:149-161. [PMID: 34371027 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present work describes the neuroprotective efficacy of DHAc under escalated oxidative stress condition in scopolamine-induced amnesic mice. During the toxicity test of DHAc in mice, the acute dose (LD50) is found to be 3.468 mg/kg bw and the sub-acute dose is 0.68 mg/kg bw. Improved cognitive and learning abilities are observed in Morris water maze and Y-maze test in 10 days DHAc (0.68 mg/kg bw) treated scopolamine-induced male Swiss albino mice. In the molecular level these changes are monitored as reduced oxidative load followed by significantly lower lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation, increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, acetylcholinesterase, caspase-3 activity and glutathione content followed by higher expression of anti apoptotic protein bcl-2 in mice brain as compared to scopolamine (1 mg/kg bw) treated mice. Meanwhile real time PCR shows higher expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and synaptophysin in DHAc pretreated scopolamine treated mice brain. HPLC analysis suggested its possible blood brain barrier crossing ability. Overall DHAc reversed behavioral anomalies in the scopolamine treated mice via oxidative stress quenching, enhancing antioxidative enzyme activity, enhancing BDNF and synaptophysin mRNA levels and reducing expression of apoptotic protein Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamali Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science Campus), Karaikudi, 630003, TN, India
| | - Devasahayam Jaya Balan
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science Campus), Karaikudi, 630003, TN, India
| | - Pandima Devi Kasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science Campus), Karaikudi, 630003, TN, India.
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Filosa R, Kasi PD, Nabavi SM. New trends in anti-inflammatory drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 153:1. [PMID: 29859565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Filosa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pazoki-Toroudi H, Amani H, Ajami M, Nabavi SF, Braidy N, Kasi PD, Nabavi SM. Targeting mTOR signaling by polyphenols: A new therapeutic target for ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 31:55-66. [PMID: 27453478 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Current ageing research is aimed not only at the promotion of longevity, but also at improving health span through the discovery and development of new therapeutic strategies by investigating molecular and cellular pathways involved in cellular senescence. Understanding the mechanism of action of polyphenolic compounds targeting mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) and related pathways opens up new directions to revolutionize ways to slow down the onset and development of age-dependent degeneration. Herein, we will discuss the mechanisms by which polyphenols can delay the molecular pathogenesis of ageing via manipulation or more specifically inhibition of mTOR-signaling pathways. We will also discuss the implications of polyphenols in targeting mTOR and its related pathways on health life span extension and longevity..
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Syad AN, Rajamohamed BS, Shunmugaiah KP, Kasi PD. Neuroprotective effect of the marine macroalga Gelidiella acerosa: identification of active compounds through bioactivity-guided fractionation. Pharm Biol 2016; 54:2073-81. [PMID: 26933930 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2016.1145700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Gelidiella acerosa (Forsskål) Feldmann & G. Hamel (Rhodophyta-Gelidiales) is a marine red macroalga. Our previous work found that a benzene extract of G. acerosa possesses noticeable neuroprotective activity, when evaluated through in vitro and in vivo systems. Objective Bioactive-guided fractionation and identification of active compounds by column chromatography using solvents of varying polarity. Materials and methods Fractionation was done by column chromatography, antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity was assessed by DPPH and cholinesterase inhibition assays (50-200 μg/ml), compound identification was done by LC-MS analysis, the mode of interaction of active compound was analyzed through docking studies and quantification was done by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis. Results The results suggest that fractions F9-F13 exhibited significant (p < 0.05) antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities. Hence, these fractions were pooled together and verified for neuroprotective activity. The pooled fraction was subjected to LC-MS analysis and among all the compounds, phytol was previously reported to possess excellent neuroprotective potential. Hence, the neuroprotective potential of phytol was assessed. The results suggest that phytol showed significant (p < 0.05) antioxidant activities (25-125 μg/ml) with an IC50 value of 95.27 ± 1.65 μg/ml and cholinesterase inhibitory potential (5-25 μg/ml) with IC50 values of 2.704 ± 0.07 and 5.798 ± 0.72 μg/ml for AChE and BuChE, respectively. Molecular docking studies suggest that phytol interacts with cholinesterase through the arginine residue of the enzyme. HPTLC quantification showed that about 6.266 μg of phytol was present per mg of pooled fraction. Conclusion The study suggests that phytol might act as the key compound in contributing to the neuroprotective potential of G. acerosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Nisha Syad
- a Department of Biotechnology , Alagappa University (Science Campus) , Karaikudi , Tamil Nadu , India
| | | | | | - Pandima Devi Kasi
- a Department of Biotechnology , Alagappa University (Science Campus) , Karaikudi , Tamil Nadu , India
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Kasi PD, Tamilselvam R, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Nabavi SF, Daglia M, Bishayee A, Pazoki-toroudi H, Nabavi SM. Molecular targets of curcumin for cancer therapy: an updated review. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13017-13028. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Russo M, Russo GL, Daglia M, Kasi PD, Ravi S, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM. Understanding genistein in cancer: The "good" and the "bad" effects: A review. Food Chem 2016; 196:589-600. [PMID: 26593532 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, diet and specific dietary supplements are seen as potential adjuvants to prevent different chronic diseases, including cancer, or to ameliorate pharmacological therapies. Soybean is one of the most important food components in Asian diet. A plethora of evidence supports the in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects of genistein, a soybean isoflavone. Major tumors affected by genistein here reviewed are breast, prostate, colon, liver, ovarian, bladder, gastric, brain cancers, neuroblastoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However, it is not always clear if and when genistein is beneficial against tumors (the "good" effects), or the opposite, when the same molecule exerts adverse effects (the "bad" effects), favouring cancer cell proliferation. This review will critically evaluate this concept in the light of the different molecular mechanisms of genistein which occur when the molecule is administered at low doses (chemopreventive effects), or at high doses (pharmacological effects).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy.
| | - Gian Luigi Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Pandima Devi Kasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sakthivel Ravi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kalaiselvan I, Senthamarai M, Kasi PD. 2,3,7,8-TCDD-mediated toxicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is alleviated by the antioxidants present in Gelidiella acerosa: an in vitro study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:5111-5121. [PMID: 25388558 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3799-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds have been used as a source of traditional medicine worldwide for the treatment of various ailments, mainly due to their ability to quench the free radicals. The present study aims at evaluating the protective effect of methanolic extract of Gelidiella acerosa, an edible red seaweed against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced toxicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). For evaluating the protective effect of G. acerosa, PBMC were divided into four groups: vehicle control, TCDD (10 nM), TCDD + G. acerosa (300 μg/ml), and G. acerosa alone treated. Scavenging of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by TCDD was assessed by the dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) method. Alterations at macromolecular level were quantified through lipid peroxidation (LPO) level, protein carbonyl content (PCC) level, and comet assay. The cellular morphology upon TCDD toxicity and G. acerosa treatment was obtained by light microscopy and histopathological studies. The chemical composition present in the methanolic extract of G. acerosa was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The results reveal that 10 nM TCDD caused significant (P < 0.05) reduction in cell viability (94.10 ± 0.99), and treatment with 300 μg/ml extract increased the cell viability (99.24 ± 0.69). TCDD treatment resulted in a significant increase in the production of ROS, LPO (114 ± 0.09), and PCC (15.13 ± 1.53) compared to the control, whereas co-treatment with G. acerosa significantly (P < 0.05) mitigated the effects. Further, G. acerosa significantly (P < 0.05) prevented TCDD-induced genotoxicity and cell damage. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of n-hexadecanoic acid (retention time (RT) 13.15), cholesterol (RT 28.80), α-D-glucopyranose, 4-O-α-D-galactopyranosyl (RT 20.01), and azulene (RT 4.20). The findings suggest that G. acerosa has a strong protective ability against TCDD-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilavarasi Kalaiselvan
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
| | | | - Pandima Devi Kasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India.
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Kalaiselvan I, Samuthirapandi M, Govindaraju A, Sheeja Malar D, Kasi PD. Olive oil and its phenolic compounds (hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol) ameliorated TCDD-induced heptotoxicity in rats via inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Pharm Biol 2015; 54:338-346. [PMID: 25955957 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1042980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Naturally occurring polyphenols including olive oil (OO) and its constituents hydroxytyrosol (HT) and tyrosol (TY), consumed in the Mediterranean diet, have shown to treat various ailments due to their remarkable antioxidant properties. OBJECTIVE The present study investigates the hepatoprotective effects of OO and its phenolic compounds HT and TY against TCDD-induced hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS TCDD was administered at a dose of 100 ng/kg p.o. for 20 d. Administration of OO (10 ml/kg; oral), HT (0.5 mg/kg; oral), and TY (30 mg/kg; i.p) was started 5 d prior to TCDD administration, and continued for 25 d with or without TCDD administration. At the end of the experiment (25 d), blood was taken for biochemical analyses and liver for the measurement of macromolecular damages, antioxidant status, expressions of CYP1A1, and apoptotic factors. RESULTS TCDD administration resulted in significant (p < 0.05) increase in the level of hepatic stress markers ALT (101.6 ± 3.07 IU/l), AST (295.0 ± 3.0 IU/l), and ALP (266.66 ± 3.7 IU/l). Also, biochemical analyses of liver reported elevation in nitrite and protein carbonyl content and depletion of NQO1 and HO. However, OO, HT, and TY restored the antioxidant status. Protein expressions by Western Blot technique showed an increase in the level of CYP1A1 and Bax and a decreased level of Bcl-2 on TCDD treatment, and vice versa on OO, HT, and TY treatment. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our work concludes that dietary supplementation of OO, HT, and TY could serve as a potential preventive drug for TCDD-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilavarasi Kalaiselvan
- a Department of Biotechnology , Alagappa University , Karaikudi , Tamil Nadu , India and
| | - Muniasamy Samuthirapandi
- b Department of Animal Science , Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Archunan Govindaraju
- b Department of Animal Science , Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Dicson Sheeja Malar
- a Department of Biotechnology , Alagappa University , Karaikudi , Tamil Nadu , India and
| | - Pandima Devi Kasi
- a Department of Biotechnology , Alagappa University , Karaikudi , Tamil Nadu , India and
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Kalaiselvan I, Dicson SM, Kasi PD. Olive oil and its phenolic constituent tyrosol attenuates dioxin-induced toxicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells via an antioxidant-dependent mechanism. Nat Prod Res 2014; 29:2129-32. [PMID: 25496362 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.989393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil (OO) and its phenolic compounds are reported to possess many potential biological effects, which are ascribed to its powerful antioxidant property. In this study, we have assessed whether OO and its phenolic compound tyrosol (TY) could mitigate 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induced oxidative damages in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The results showed that exposure of PBMC to 10 nM TCDD caused significant cell death and elevated cellular concentrations of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. Comet assay indicated that OO and TY protected DNA damage against dioxin toxicity. In addition, alterations in levels of antioxidant enzymes were substantially prevented by OO and TY. TCDD-induced CYP1A1 activity and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential were significantly reduced by the administration of OO and TY. The results suggested that dietary modifications incorporating diets rich in OO and associated phenolics could prove beneficial in protecting individuals against toxicity induced by dioxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilavarasi Kalaiselvan
- a Department of Biotechnology , Alagappa University , Karaikudi 630 004 , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Sheeja Malar Dicson
- a Department of Biotechnology , Alagappa University , Karaikudi 630 004 , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Pandima Devi Kasi
- a Department of Biotechnology , Alagappa University , Karaikudi 630 004 , Tamil Nadu , India
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Syad AN, Kasi PD. Assessment of mutagenic effect of G. acerosa and S. wightii in S. typhimurium (TA 98, TA 100, and TA 1538 strains) and evaluation of their cytotoxic and genotoxic effect in human mononuclear cells: a non-clinical study. Biomed Res Int 2014; 2014:313942. [PMID: 24967353 PMCID: PMC4054806 DOI: 10.1155/2014/313942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The marine red algae (Gelidiella acerosa and Sargassum wightii) possessing excellent antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity were subjected to toxicity evaluation for a deeper understanding of other bioprotective properties of seaweeds. Cytotoxic evaluation was done by trypan blue exclusion, and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays using human PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) and RBC (red blood cells) lysis assay using human erythrocytes. Mutagenicity of the seaweeds was analyzed by Ames salmonella mutagenicity test with the histidine dependent mutant strains TA 98, TA100 and TA 1538. Genotoxic activity was verified in PBMC by comet assay. The results suggest that benzene extract of G. acerosa (BEGA) and dichloromethane extract of S. wightii (DMESW) did not show cytotoxic effect both in PBMC and erythrocytes. Evaluation of mutagenic activity suggests that the seaweeds did not cause any mutagenic effects both in the absence and the presence of S9 microsomal fraction in all the three Salmonella mutant strains. Results of genotoxic study showed that PBMC treated with seaweed extracts (1 mg/mL) exhibit less or no damage to cells, thus proving the non-genotoxic effect of the extract. Since these in vitro non-clinical studies clearly demonstrate the non-toxic nature of the seaweeds, they could be exploited for further characterization, which would result in development of novel and safe therapeutic entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Nisha Syad
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science Campus), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630 004, India
| | - Pandima Devi Kasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science Campus), Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630 004, India
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Abstract
CONTEXT Sargassum has been used in traditional Chinese medicine since the eighth century AD to treat goiter. Sargassum wightii Greville (Sargassaceae) is a major source of alginic acid used widely in food and drug industries. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the anti-Alzheimer potential of S. wightii through evaluation of antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Successive extraction was done using solvents of varying polarity. Solvent extracts (100-500 µg/mL) were employed for all the antioxidant assays. Free radical scavenging activity was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, OH•, H2O2 radical scavenging assay. The reducing power of the seaweed was evaluated by ferric reducing antioxidant power and reducing power assay. Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitory activity was evaluated and the Km, Vmax and Ki were calculated. Further, compound characterization was done by GC-MS analysis. RESULTS The non-polar extracts were found to possess significant antioxidant activity. At 100 μg/mL, petroleum ether, hexane, benzene and dichloromethane extracts showed significant ChE inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 19.33 ± 0.56, 46.81 ± 1.62, 27.24 ± 0.90, 50.56 ± 0.90 µg/mL, respectively, for AChE, and 17.91 ± 0.65, 32.75 ± 1.00, 12.98 ± 0.31, 36.16 ± 0.64 µg/mL, respectively, for BuChE. GC-MS reveals that 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester is the major compound present in dichloromethane extract of S. wightii. The mode of inhibition exhibited by dichloromethane extract against the cholinesterases was found to be competitive type. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The presence of high amount of terpenoids could be the possible reason for its potential antioxidant and ChE inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Nisha Syad
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University , Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu , India
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Natarajan S, Shunmugiah KP, Kasi PD. Plants traditionally used in age-related brain disorders (dementia): an ethanopharmacological survey. Pharm Biol 2013; 51:492-523. [PMID: 23336528 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.738423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Epidemiological studies have shown that despite mortality due to communicable diseases, poverty and human conflicts, the incidence of dementia increases in the developing world in tandem with the ageing population. Although some FDA approved drugs are available for the treatment of dementia, the outcomes are often unsatisfactory. In traditional practices of medicine, numerous plants have been used to treat cognitive disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other memory-related disorders. In western medicine most of the drugs used for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders are derived from plant sources. OBJECTIVE This article reviews plants and their active constituents that have been used for their reputed cognitive-enhancing and antidementia effects. METHODS A literature survey in Science Direct, Pubmed, and Google Scholar was performed to gather information regarding drug discovery from plants sources for the treatment of congnitive disorders and dementia. RESULTS More than forty herbal remedies were identified with cholinesterase inhibitory, anti-inflammatory, or antioxidant activities. Bioactive compounds include alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, terpenoids, and essential oils. About eleven herbal plants with multipotent activity against AD are discussed. CONCLUSION Literature surveys show that most of the research has been conducted on herbal remedies effect on cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Studies regarding the effect of herbal drugs on β-secretase inhibitory activity and antiaggregation property are lacking. This review provides leads for identifying potential new drugs from plant sources for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suganthy Natarajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
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Syad AN, Shunmugiah KP, Kasi PD. Seaweeds as nutritional supplements: Analysis of nutritional profile, physicochemical properties and proximate composition of G. acerosa and S. wightii. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Perumal Vijayaraman K, Muruganantham S, Subramanian M, Shunmugiah KP, Kasi PD. Silymarin attenuates benzo(a)pyrene induced toxicity by mitigating ROS production, DNA damage and calcium mediated apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2012; 86:79-85. [PMID: 23067546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), which is the most studied member of PAH family is released into the environment (air, water and soil) from natural and man-made sources including industrial and automobile exhaust fumes. Since B(a)P is an omnipresent environmental pollutant and is believed to be a risk factor for human chemical carcinogenesis, it is important to identify potent naturally occurring/synthetic agents that could modulate B(a)P-induced toxicity. The present study explores the effect of the flavonoid silymarin (2.4mg/ml) in counteracting the toxicity of B(a)P (1μM) in PBMC. Flourimetry and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy results showed that silymarin reduces the B(a)P induced ROS production and DNA damage. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy analysis and fluorescent microscopic pictures proved that silymarin reduces the increased intracellular calcium and apoptosis induction during B(a)P treatment. Furthermore, silymarin did not show any inhibition for CYP1B1 activity at transcriptional level by semiquantitative RT PCR but it affects the catalytic activity of Phase I CYP1A1/CYP1B1 enzyme (EROD assay) during B(a)P treatment. The findings reveal that silymarin possesses substantial protective effect against B(a)P induced DNA damage and calcium mediated apoptosis by inhibiting the catalytic activity of CYP1B1 and maintaining the intracellular calcium dysregulation; hence, it could be considered as a potential protective agent for environmental contaminant induced immunotoxicity.
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Vijayaraman KP, Veluchamy M, Murugesan P, Shanmugiah KP, Kasi PD. p53 Exon 4 (codon 72) Polymorphism and Exon 7 (codon 249) Mutation in Breast Cancer Patients in Southern Region(Madurai) of Tamil Nadu. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:511-6. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.2.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Natarajan S, Shanmugiahthevar KP, Kasi PD. Cholinesterase inhibitors from Sargassum and Gracilaria gracilis: seaweeds inhabiting South Indian coastal areas (Hare Island, Gulf of Mannar). Nat Prod Res 2009; 23:355-69. [PMID: 19296376 DOI: 10.1080/14786410802156036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is a chronic progressive mental disorder, which adversely affects memory, thinking, comprehension, calculation and language. Some of the commonest forms of dementia are Alzheimer's disease, Parkinsonism, Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Myasthenia gravis. All these disorders are related to abnormalities in the central cholinergic system, which shows a decline in acetylcholine level. Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors are one of the novel strategies used for the symptomatic treatment of neurological disorders like dementia. In the course of screening new ChE inhibitors from marine sources, about 11 seaweeds, which have wide pharmaceutical applications, were collected from Hare Island, Gulf of Mannar, Tamilnadu, India. Methanolic extracts of the seaweeds were assessed for ChE inhibitory activity under in vitro conditions. Kinetic parameters IC(50), K(i) and V(max) were also analysed. The results showed that 3/11 seaweeds showed 50% inhibition for both ChEs (using acetylthiocholine iodide and butyrylthiocholine iodide as substrate) at concentrations of 2 mg mL(-1) (Gracilaria gracilis, Sargassum, Cladophora fasicularis for ChE with acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate and Gracilaria gracilis, Gracilaria edulis, Sargassum for ChE with butyrylthiocholine iodide as substrate) and 4/11 showed no inhibitory activity. Inhibitory activity of seaweed extracts was compared with standard drug donepezil. Enzyme kinetic analysis showed that algal extracts exhibited mixed type inhibition (partially non-competitive inhibition).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suganthy Natarajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
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