1
|
Nonne F, Molfetta M, Nappini R, La Guidara C, Di Benedetto R, Mfana S, Bellich B, Raso MM, Gasperini G, Alfini R, Cescutti P, Berlanda Scorza F, Ravenscroft N, Micoli F, Giannelli C. Development and Application of a High-Throughput Method for the Purification and Analysis of Surface Carbohydrates from Klebsiella pneumoniae. Biology (Basel) 2024; 13:256. [PMID: 38666868 PMCID: PMC11048683 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) is a Gram-negative bacterium, and a leading cause of neonatal sepsis in low- and middle-income countries, often associated with anti-microbial resistance. Two types of polysaccharides are expressed on the Kp cell surface and have been proposed as key antigens for vaccine design: capsular polysaccharides (known as K-antigens, K-Ags) and O-antigens (O-Ags). Historically, Kp has been classified using capsule serotyping and although 186 distinct genotypes have been predicted so far based on sequence analysis, many structures are still unknown. In contrast, only 11 distinct OAg serotypes have been described. The characterization of emerging strains requires the development of a high-throughput purification method to obtain sufficient K- and O-Ag material to characterize the large collection of serotypes and gain insight on structural features and potential cross-reactivity that could allow vaccine simplification. Here, this was achieved by adapting our established method for the simple purification of O-Ags, using mild acetic acid hydrolysis performed directly on bacterial cells, followed by filtration and precipitation steps. The method was successfully applied to purify the surface carbohydrates from different Kp strains, thereby demonstrating the robustness and general applicability of the purification method developed. Further, antigen characterization showed that the purification method had no impact on the structural integrity of the polysaccharides and preserved labile substituents such as O-acetyl and pyruvyl groups. This method can be further optimized for scaling up and manufacturing to support the development of high-valency saccharide-based vaccines against Kp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Nonne
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.M.); (R.N.); (C.L.G.); (R.D.B.); (M.M.R.); (R.A.); (F.B.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Mariagrazia Molfetta
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.M.); (R.N.); (C.L.G.); (R.D.B.); (M.M.R.); (R.A.); (F.B.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Rebecca Nappini
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.M.); (R.N.); (C.L.G.); (R.D.B.); (M.M.R.); (R.A.); (F.B.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Chiara La Guidara
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.M.); (R.N.); (C.L.G.); (R.D.B.); (M.M.R.); (R.A.); (F.B.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Roberta Di Benedetto
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.M.); (R.N.); (C.L.G.); (R.D.B.); (M.M.R.); (R.A.); (F.B.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Siwaphiwe Mfana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; (S.M.); (N.R.)
| | - Barbara Bellich
- Department of Advanced Translational Diagnostics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Maria Michelina Raso
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.M.); (R.N.); (C.L.G.); (R.D.B.); (M.M.R.); (R.A.); (F.B.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | | | - Renzo Alfini
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.M.); (R.N.); (C.L.G.); (R.D.B.); (M.M.R.); (R.A.); (F.B.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Francesco Berlanda Scorza
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.M.); (R.N.); (C.L.G.); (R.D.B.); (M.M.R.); (R.A.); (F.B.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Neil Ravenscroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; (S.M.); (N.R.)
| | - Francesca Micoli
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.M.); (R.N.); (C.L.G.); (R.D.B.); (M.M.R.); (R.A.); (F.B.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Carlo Giannelli
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.M.); (R.N.); (C.L.G.); (R.D.B.); (M.M.R.); (R.A.); (F.B.S.); (F.M.); (C.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Manna S, Werren JP, Ortika BD, Bellich B, Pell CL, Nikolaou E, Gjuroski I, Lo S, Hinds J, Tundev O, Dunne EM, Gessner BD, Bentley SD, Russell FM, Mulholland EK, Mungun T, von Mollendorf C, Licciardi PV, Cescutti P, Ravenscroft N, Hilty M, Satzke C. Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 33G: genetic, serological, and structural analysis of a new capsule type. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0357923. [PMID: 38059623 PMCID: PMC10782959 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03579-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a bacterial pathogen with the greatest burden of disease in Asia and Africa. The pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide has biological relevance as a major virulence factor as well as public health importance as it is the target for currently licensed vaccines. These vaccines have limited valency, covering up to 23 of the >100 known capsular types (serotypes) with higher valency vaccines in development. Here, we have characterized a new pneumococcal serotype, which we have named 33G. We detected serotype 33G in nasopharyngeal swabs (n = 20) from children and adults hospitalized with pneumonia, as well as healthy children in Mongolia. We show that the genetic, serological, and biochemical properties of 33G differ from existing serotypes, satisfying the criteria to be designated as a new serotype. Future studies should focus on the geographical distribution of 33G and any changes in prevalence following vaccine introduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Manna
- Infection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joel P. Werren
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Belinda D. Ortika
- Infection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Barbara Bellich
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Casey L. Pell
- Infection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elissavet Nikolaou
- Infection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ilche Gjuroski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Lo
- Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Hinds
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- BUGS Bioscience, London Bioscience Innovation Center, London, United Kingdom
| | - Odgerel Tundev
- National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | | | - Stephen D. Bentley
- Parasites and Microbes, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona M. Russell
- Infection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - E. Kim Mulholland
- Infection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tuya Mungun
- National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Claire von Mollendorf
- Infection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul V. Licciardi
- Infection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Neil Ravenscroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Markus Hilty
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Satzke
- Infection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cacioppo M, De Zorzi R, Syrgiannis Z, Bellich B, Bertoncin P, Jou IA, Brady JW, Rizzo R, Cescutti P. Microscopy and modelling investigations on the morphology of the biofilm exopolysaccharide produced by Burkholderia multivorans strain C1576. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127294. [PMID: 37813217 PMCID: PMC10872726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria form very often biofilms where they embed in a self-synthesized matrix exhibiting a gel-like appearance. Matrices offer several advantages, including defence against external threats and the easiness of intercellular communication. In infections, biofilm formation enhances bacteria resistance against antimicrobials, causing serious clinical problems for patients' treatments. Biofilm matrices are composed of proteins, extracellular DNA, and polysaccharides, the latter being the major responsible for matrix architecture. The repeating unit of the biofilm polysaccharide synthesized by Burkholderia multivorans strain C1576 contains two mannoses and two sequentially linked rhamnoses, one of them 50 % methylated on C-3. Rhamnose, a 6-deoxysugar, has lower polarity than other common monosaccharides and its methylation further reduces polarity. This suggests a possible role of this polysaccharide in the biofilm matrix; in fact, computer modelling and atomic force microscopy studies evidenced intra- and inter-molecular non-polar interactions both within polysaccharides and with aliphatic molecules. In this paper, the polysaccharide three-dimensional morphology was investigated using atomic force microscopy in both solid and solution states. Independent evidence of the polymer conformation was obtained by transmission electron microscopy which confirmed the formation of globular compact structures. Finally, data from computer dynamic simulations were used to model the three-dimensional structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Cacioppo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Rita De Zorzi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Zois Syrgiannis
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Barbara Bellich
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Bertoncin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ining A Jou
- Food Science Department, Cornell University, 101A Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - John W Brady
- Food Science Department, Cornell University, 101A Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Roberto Rizzo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bellich B, Terán LC, Fazli MM, Berti F, Rizzo R, Tolker-Nielsen T, Cescutti P. The Bep gene cluster in Burkholderia cenocepacia H111 codes for a water-insoluble exopolysaccharide essential for biofilm formation. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 301:120318. [PMID: 36436859 PMCID: PMC9713610 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic pathogen isolated from cystic fibrosis patients where it causes infections that are extremely difficult to treat with antibiotics, and sometimes have a fatal outcome. Biofilm is a virulence trait of B. cenocepacia, and is associated with infection persistence and increased tolerance to antibiotics. In biofilms exopolysaccharides have an important role, conferring mechanical stability and antibiotic tolerance. Two different exopolysaccharides were isolated from B. cenocepacia H111 biofilms: a water-soluble polysaccharide rich in rhamnose and containing an L-Man residue, and a water-insoluble polymer made of glucose, galactose and mannose. In the present work, the product encoded by B. cenocepacia H111 bepA-L gene cluster was identified as the water-insoluble exopolysaccharide, using mutant strains and NMR spectroscopy of the purified polysaccharides. It was also demonstrated that the B. cenocepacia H111 wild type strain produces the water-insoluble exopolysaccharide in pellicles, thus underlining its potential importance in in vivo infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bellich
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, Bdg. C11, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Lucrecia C Terán
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, Bdg. C11, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Magnus M Fazli
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Roberto Rizzo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, Bdg. C11, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Tim Tolker-Nielsen
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, Bdg. C11, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Banić M, Butorac K, Čuljak N, Leboš Pavunc A, Novak J, Bellich B, Kazazić S, Kazazić S, Cescutti P, Šušković J, Zucko J, Kos B. The Human Milk Microbiota Produces Potential Therapeutic Biomolecules and Shapes the Intestinal Microbiota of Infants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214382. [PMID: 36430861 PMCID: PMC9699365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk not only provides a perfect balance of nutrients to meet all the needs of the infant in the first months of life but also contains a variety of bacteria that play a key role in tailoring the neonatal faecal microbiome. Microbiome analysis of human milk and infant faeces from mother-breastfed infant pairs was performed by sequencing the V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina MiSeq platform. According to the results, there is a connection in the composition of the microbiome in each mother-breastfed infant pair, supporting the hypothesis that the infant's gut is colonised with bacteria from human milk. MiSeq sequencing also revealed high biodiversity of the human milk microbiome and the infant faecal microbiome, whose composition changes during lactation and infant development, respectively. A total of 28 genetically distinct strains were selected by hierarchical cluster analysis of RAPD-PCR (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA-Polymerase Chain Reaction) electrophoresis profiles of 100 strains isolated from human milk and identified by 16S RNA sequencing. Since certain cellular molecules may support their use as probiotics, the next focus was to detect (S)-layer proteins, bacteriocins and exopolysaccharides (EPSs) that have potential as therapeutic biomolecules. SDS-PAGE (Sodium Dodecyl-Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis) coupled with LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) analysis revealed that four Levilactobacillus brevis strains expressed S-layer proteins, which were identified for the first time in strains isolated from human milk. The potential biosynthesis of plantaricin was detected in six Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains by PCR analysis and in vitro antibacterial studies. 1H NMR (Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) analysis confirmed EPS production in only one strain, Limosilactobacillus fermentum MC1. The overall microbiome analysis suggests that human milk contributes to the establishment of the intestinal microbiota of infants. In addition, it is a promising source of novel Lactobacillus strains expressing specific functional biomolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Banić
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Butorac
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nina Čuljak
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreja Leboš Pavunc
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Novak
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Barbara Bellich
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Ed. C11, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Saša Kazazić
- The Ruđer Bošković Institute, Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snježana Kazazić
- The Ruđer Bošković Institute, Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Ed. C11, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Jagoda Šušković
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jurica Zucko
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Blaženka Kos
- Laboratory for Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gasperini G, Raso MM, Schiavo F, Aruta MG, Ravenscroft N, Bellich B, Cescutti P, Necchi F, Rappuoli R, Micoli F. Rapid generation of Shigella flexneri GMMA displaying natural or new and cross-reactive O-Antigens. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:69. [PMID: 35773292 PMCID: PMC9243986 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00497-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Generalized modules for membrane antigens (GMMA) are exosomes released from engineered Gram-negative bacteria and represent an attractive vaccine platform for the delivery of the O-Antigen (OAg), recognized as the key target for protective immunity against several pathogens such as Shigella. Shigella is a major cause of disease in Low- and Middle-Income countries and the development of a vaccine needs to deal with its large serotypic diversity. All S. flexneri serotypes, except serotype 6, share a conserved OAg backbone, corresponding to serotype Y. Here, a GMMA-producing S. flexneri scaffold strain displaying the OAg backbone was engineered with different OAg-modifying enzymes, either individually or in combinations. This strategy rapidly yielded GMMA displaying 12 natural serotypes and 16 novel serotypes expressing multiple epitopes combinations that do not occur in nature. Importantly, a candidate GMMA displaying a hybrid OAg elicited broadly cross-bactericidal antibodies against a large panel of S. flexneri serotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Michelina Raso
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Siena, Italy.,Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabiola Schiavo
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bellich B, Janež N, Sterniša M, Klančnik A, Ravenscroft N, Rizzo R, Sabotič J, Cescutti P. Characterisation of a new cell wall teichoic acid produced by Listeria innocua ŽM39 and analysis of its biosynthesis genes. Carbohydr Res 2021; 511:108499. [PMID: 35007911 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Listeria innocua is genetically closely related to the foodborne human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. However, as most L. innocua strains are non-pathogenic, it has been proposed as a surrogate organism for determining the efficacy of antimicrobial strategies against L. monocytogenes. Teichoic acids are one of the three major cell wall components of Listeria, along with the peptidoglycan backbone and cell wall-associated proteins. The polymeric teichoic acids make up the majority of cell wall carbohydrates; the type of teichoic acids directly attached to the peptidoglycan are termed wall teichoic acids (WTAs). WTAs play vital physiological roles, are important virulence factors, antigenic determinants, and phage-binding ligands. The structures of the various WTAs of L. monocytogenes are well known, whereas those of L. innocua are not. In the present study, the WTA structure of L. innocua ŽM39 was determined mainly by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and it was found to be the following: [→4)-[α-D-GlcpNAc-(1→3)]-β-D-GlcpNAc-(1→4)-D-Rbo-(1P→]n This structure is new with respect to all currently known Listeria WTAs and it shares structural similarities with type II WTA serovar 6a. In addition, the genome of strain L. innocua ŽM39 was sequenced and the majority of putative WTA synthesis genes were identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bellich
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, Bdg. C11, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nika Janež
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Meta Sterniša
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Klančnik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Neil Ravenscroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Roberto Rizzo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, Bdg. C11, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jerica Sabotič
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, Bdg. C11, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nepravishta R, Monaco S, Distefano M, Rizzo R, Cescutti P, Angulo J. Multifrequency STD NMR Unveils the Interactions of Antibiotics With Burkholderia multivorans Biofilm Exopolysaccharide. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:727980. [PMID: 34604306 PMCID: PMC8481691 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.727980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms confine bacterial cells within self-produced matrices, offering advantages such as protection from antibiotics and entrapment of nutrients. Polysaccharides are major components in these macromolecular assemblies, and their interactions with other chemicals are of high relevance for the benefits provided by the biofilm 3D molecular matrix. NMR is a powerful technique for the study and characterization of the interactions between molecules of biological relevance. In this study, we have applied multifrequency saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR and DOSY NMR approaches to elucidate the interactions between the exopolysaccharide produced by Burkholderia multivorans C1576 (EpolC1576) and the antibiotics kanamycin and ceftadizime. The NMR strategies presented here allowed for an extensive characterization at an atomic level of the mechanisms behind the implication of the EpolC1576 in the recalcitrance phenomena, which is the ability of bacteria in biofilms to survive in the presence of antibiotics. Our results suggest an active role for EpolC1576 in the recalcitrance mechanisms toward kanamycin and ceftadizime, though through two different mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Serena Monaco
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Distefano
- Department Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Rizzo
- Department Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jesus Angulo
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US), Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Butorac K, Novak J, Bellich B, Terán LC, Banić M, Leboš Pavunc A, Zjalić S, Cescutti P, Šušković J, Kos B. Lyophilized alginate-based microspheres containing Lactobacillus fermentum D12, an exopolysaccharides producer, contribute to the strain's functionality in vitro. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:85. [PMID: 33865380 PMCID: PMC8052780 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01575-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus (Limosilactobacillus) fermentum D12 is an exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing strain whose genome contains a putative eps operon. Whole-genome analysis of D12 was performed to disclose the essential genes correlated with activation of precursor molecules, elongation and export of the polysaccharide chain, and regulation of EPS synthesis. These included the genes required for EPS biosynthesis such as epsA, B, C, D and E, also gt, wzx, and wzy and those involved in the activation of the precursor molecules galE, galT and galU. Both the biosynthesis and export mechanism of EPS were proposed based on functional annotation. When grown on MRS broth with an additional 2% w/v glucose, L. fermentum D12 secreted up to 200 mg/L of a mixture of EPSs, whose porous structure was visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Structural information obtained by 1HNMR spectroscopy together with composition and linkage analyses, suggested the presence of at least two different EPSs, a branched heteropolysaccharide containing t-Glcp and 2,6-linked Galf, and glycogen. Since recent reports showed that polysaccharides facilitate the probiotic-host interactions, we at first sought to evaluate the functional potential of L. fermentum D12. Strain D12 survived simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) conditions, exhibited antibacterial activity against enteropathogenic bacteria, adhered to Caco-2 cells in vitro, and as such showed potential for in vivo functionality. The EPS crude extract positively influenced D12 strain capacity to survive during freeze-drying and to adhere to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins but did not interfere Caco-2 and mucin adherence when added at concentrations of 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/mL. Since the viable bacterial count of free D12 cells was 3 logarithmic units lower after the exposure to simulated GIT conditions than the initial count, the bacterial cells had been loaded into alginate for viability improvement. Microspheres of D12 cells, which were previously analyzed at SEM, significantly influenced their survival during freeze-drying and in simulated GIT conditions. Furthermore, the addition of the prebiotic substrates mannitol and lactulose improved the viability of L. fermentum D12 in freeze-dried alginate microspheres during 1-year storage at 4 °C compared to the control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Butorac
- Laboratory of Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Novak
- Laboratory of Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Barbara Bellich
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Bdg. C11, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lucrecia C Terán
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Bdg. C11, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Martina Banić
- Laboratory of Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreja Leboš Pavunc
- Laboratory of Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Slaven Zjalić
- Department of Ecology, Agronomy and Aquaculture, University of Zadar, Trg Kneza Višeslava 9, 23000, Zadar, Croatia
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Bdg. C11, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jagoda Šušković
- Laboratory of Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Blaženka Kos
- Laboratory of Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kowarik M, Wetter M, Haeuptle MA, Braun M, Steffen M, Kemmler S, Ravenscroft N, De Benedetto G, Zuppiger M, Sirena D, Cescutti P, Wacker M. The development and characterization of an E. coli O25B bioconjugate vaccine. Glycoconj J 2021; 38:421-435. [PMID: 33730261 PMCID: PMC8260533 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-09985-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) cause a wide range of clinical diseases such as bacteremia and urinary tract infections. The increase of multidrug resistant ExPEC strains is becoming a major concern for the treatment of these infections and E. coli has been identified as a critical priority pathogen by the WHO. Therefore, the development of vaccines has become increasingly important, with the surface lipopolysaccharide constituting a promising vaccine target. This study presents genetic and structural analysis of clinical urine isolates from Switzerland belonging to the serotype O25. Approximately 75% of these isolates were shown to correspond to the substructure O25B only recently described in an emerging clone of E. coli sequence type 131. To address the high occurrence of O25B in clinical isolates, an O25B glycoconjugate vaccine was prepared using an E. coli glycosylation system. The O antigen cluster was integrated into the genome of E. coli W3110, thereby generating an E. coli strain able to synthesize the O25B polysaccharide on a carrier lipid. The polysaccharide was enzymatically conjugated to specific asparagine side chains of the carrier protein exotoxin A (EPA) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by the PglB oligosaccharyltransferase from Campylobacter jejuni. Detailed characterization of the O25B-EPA conjugate by use of physicochemical methods including NMR and GC-MS confirmed the O25B polysaccharide structure in the conjugate, opening up the possibility to develop a multivalent E. coli conjugate vaccine containing O25B-EPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kowarik
- GlycoVaxyn AG, Grabenstrasse 3, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland. .,LimmaTech Biologics AG, Grabenstrasse 3, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Wetter
- GlycoVaxyn AG, Grabenstrasse 3, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Micha A Haeuptle
- GlycoVaxyn AG, Grabenstrasse 3, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Molecular Partners AG, Wagistrasse 14, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Martin Braun
- GlycoVaxyn AG, Grabenstrasse 3, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.,LimmaTech Biologics AG, Grabenstrasse 3, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Michael Steffen
- GlycoVaxyn AG, Grabenstrasse 3, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.,LimmaTech Biologics AG, Grabenstrasse 3, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Kemmler
- GlycoVaxyn AG, Grabenstrasse 3, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Numab Therapeutics AG, Einsiedlerstrasse 34, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Neil Ravenscroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Gianluigi De Benedetto
- Dip. di Scienze della Vita, University di Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy.,National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Matthias Zuppiger
- GlycoVaxyn AG, Grabenstrasse 3, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.,LimmaTech Biologics AG, Grabenstrasse 3, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Sirena
- GlycoVaxyn AG, Grabenstrasse 3, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.,LimmaTech Biologics AG, Grabenstrasse 3, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.,GlycoEra AG, Grabenstrasse 3, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Dip. di Scienze della Vita, University di Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michael Wacker
- GlycoVaxyn AG, Grabenstrasse 3, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Wacker Biotech Consulting AG, Heuelstrasse 22, 8800, Thalwil, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Loncar J, Bellich B, Parroni A, Reverberi M, Rizzo R, Zjalić S, Cescutti P. Oligosaccharides Derived from Tramesan: Their Structure and Activity on Mycotoxin Inhibition in Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus carbonarius. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020243. [PMID: 33567727 PMCID: PMC7914814 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Food and feed safety are of paramount relevance in everyday life. The awareness that different chemicals, e.g., those largely used in agriculture, could present both environmental problems and health hazards, has led to a large limitation of their use. Chemicals were also the main tool in a control of fungal pathogens and their secondary metabolites, mycotoxins. There is a drive to develop more environmentally friendly, “green”, approaches to control mycotoxin contamination of foodstuffs. Different mushroom metabolites showed the potential to act as control agents against mycotoxin production. The use of a polysaccharide, Tramesan, extracted from the basidiomycete Trametes versicolor, for controlling biosynthesis of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A, has been previously discussed. In this study, oligosaccharides obtained from Tramesan were evaluated. The purified exopolysaccharide of T. versicolor was partially hydrolyzed and separated by chromatography into fractions from disaccharides to heptasaccharides. Each fraction was individually tested for mycotoxin inhibition in A. flavus and A. carbonarius. Fragments smaller than seven units showed no significant effect on mycotoxin inhibition; heptasaccharides showed inhibitory activity of up to 90% in both fungi. These results indicated that these oligosaccharides could be used as natural alternatives to crop protection chemicals for controlling these two mycotoxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Loncar
- Department of Ecology, Aquaculture and Agriculture, University of Zadar, Mihovila Pavlinovića 1, 23000 Zadar, Croatia;
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Barbara Bellich
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Bdg. C11, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (B.B.); (R.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Alessia Parroni
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Massimo Reverberi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Roberto Rizzo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Bdg. C11, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (B.B.); (R.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Slaven Zjalić
- Department of Ecology, Aquaculture and Agriculture, University of Zadar, Mihovila Pavlinovića 1, 23000 Zadar, Croatia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-5994-268-744
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Bdg. C11, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (B.B.); (R.R.); (P.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gasperini G, Raso MM, Arato V, Aruta MG, Cescutti P, Necchi F, Micoli F. Effect of O-Antigen Chain Length Regulation on the Immunogenicity of Shigella and Salmonella Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031309. [PMID: 33525644 PMCID: PMC7865430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, generalized modules for membrane antigens (GMMA) technology has been proposed as an alternative approach to traditional glycoconjugate vaccines for O-antigen delivery. Saccharide length is a well-known parameter that can impact the immune response induced by glycoconjugates both in terms of magnitude and quality. However, the criticality of O-antigen length on the immune response induced by GMMA-based vaccines has not been fully elucidated. Here, Shigella and Salmonella GMMA-producing strains were further mutated in order to display homogeneous polysaccharide populations of different sizes on a GMMA surface. Resulting GMMA were compared in mice immunization studies. Athymic nude mice were also used to investigate the involvement of T-cells in the immune response elicited. In contrast with what has been reported for traditional glycoconjugate vaccines and independent of the pathogen and the sugar structural characteristics, O-antigen length did not result in being a critical parameter for GMMA immunogenicity. This work supports the identification of critical quality attributes to optimize GMMA vaccine design and improve vaccine efficacy and gives insights on the nature of the immune response induced by GMMA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Gasperini
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) s.r.l, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.G.); (M.M.R.); (V.A.); (M.G.A.); (F.N.)
| | - Maria Michelina Raso
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) s.r.l, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.G.); (M.M.R.); (V.A.); (M.G.A.); (F.N.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, Bdg C11, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Vanessa Arato
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) s.r.l, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.G.); (M.M.R.); (V.A.); (M.G.A.); (F.N.)
| | - Maria Grazia Aruta
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) s.r.l, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.G.); (M.M.R.); (V.A.); (M.G.A.); (F.N.)
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, Bdg C11, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Francesca Necchi
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) s.r.l, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.G.); (M.M.R.); (V.A.); (M.G.A.); (F.N.)
| | - Francesca Micoli
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) s.r.l, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.G.); (M.M.R.); (V.A.); (M.G.A.); (F.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0577-539087
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bellich B, Jou IA, Buriola C, Ravenscroft N, Brady JW, Fazli M, Tolker-Nielsen T, Rizzo R, Cescutti P. The biofilm of Burkholderia cenocepacia H111 contains an exopolysaccharide composed of l-rhamnose and l-mannose: Structural characterization and molecular modelling. Carbohydr Res 2020; 499:108231. [PMID: 33440288 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia cenocepacia belongs to the Burkholderia Cepacia Complex, a group of 22 closely related species both of clinical and environmental origin, infecting cystic fibrosis patients. B. cenocepacia accounts for the majority of the clinical isolates, comprising the most virulent and transmissible strains. The capacity to form biofilms is among the many virulence determinants of B. cenocepacia, a characteristic that confers enhanced tolerance to some antibiotics, desiccation, oxidizing agents, and host defenses. Exopolysaccharides are a major component of biofilm matrices, particularly providing mechanical stability to biofilms. Recently, a water-insoluble exopolysaccharide produced by B. cenocepacia H111 in biofilm was characterized. In the present study, a water-soluble exopolysaccharide was extracted from B. cenocepacia H111 biofilm, and its structure was determined by GLC-MS, NMR and ESI-MS. The repeating unit is a linear rhamno-tetrasaccharide with 50% replacement of a 3-α-L-Rha with a α-3-L-Man. [2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→3)-α-L-[Rhap or Manp]-(1→3)-α-L-Rhap-(1→2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→]n Molecular modelling was used to obtain information about local structural motifs which could give information about the polysaccharide conformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bellich
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, Bdg. C11, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ining A Jou
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Claudia Buriola
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, Bdg. C11, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Neil Ravenscroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - John W Brady
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Mustafa Fazli
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tim Tolker-Nielsen
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roberto Rizzo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, Bdg. C11, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, Bdg. C11, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Terán LC, Distefano M, Bellich B, Petrosino S, Bertoncin P, Cescutti P, Sblattero D. Proteomic Studies of the Biofilm Matrix including Outer Membrane Vesicles of Burkholderia multivorans C1576, a Strain of Clinical Importance for Cystic Fibrosis. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1826. [PMID: 33228110 PMCID: PMC7699398 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are aggregates of microbial cells encased in a highly hydrated matrix made up of self-produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) which consist of polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. While biofilm matrix polysaccharides are unraveled, there is still poor knowledge about the identity and function of matrix-associated proteins. With this work, we performed a comprehensive proteomic approach to disclose the identity of proteins associated with the matrix of biofilm-growing Burkholderia multivorans C1576 reference strain, a cystic fibrosis clinical isolate. Transmission electron microscopy showed that B. multivorans C1576 also releases outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in the biofilm matrix, as already demonstrated for other Gram-negative species. The proteomic analysis revealed that cytoplasmic and membrane-bound proteins are widely represented in the matrix, while OMVs are highly enriched in outer membrane proteins and siderophores. Our data suggest that cell lysis and OMVs production are the most important sources of proteins for the B. multivorans C1576 biofilm matrix. Of note, some of the identified proteins are lytic enzymes, siderophores, and proteins involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. These proteins might help B. multivorans C1576 in host tissue invasion and defense towards immune system assaults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniele Sblattero
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (L.C.T.); (M.D.); (B.B.); (S.P.); (P.B.); (P.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu Y, Bellich B, Hug S, Eberl L, Cescutti P, Pessi G. The Exopolysaccharide Cepacian Plays a Role in the Establishment of the Paraburkholderia phymatum - Phaseolus vulgaris Symbiosis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1600. [PMID: 32765457 PMCID: PMC7378592 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraburkholderia phymatum is a rhizobial strain that belongs to the beta-proteobacteria, a group known to form efficient nitrogen-fixing symbioses within root nodules of several legumes, including the agriculturally important common bean. The establishment of the symbiosis requires the exchange of rhizobial and plant signals such as lipochitooligosaccharides (Nod factors), polysaccharides, and flavonoids. Inspection of the genome of the competitive rhizobium P. phymatum revealed the presence of several polysaccharide biosynthetic gene clusters. In this study, we demonstrate that bceN, a gene encoding a GDP-D-mannose 4,6-dehydratase, which is involved in the production of the exopolysaccharide cepacian, an important component of biofilms produced by closely related opportunistic pathogens of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), is required for efficient plant colonization. Wild-type P. phymatum was shown to produce cepacian while a bceN mutant did not. Additionally, the bceN mutant produced a significantly lower amount of biofilm and formed less root nodules compared to the wild-type strain with Phaseolus vulgaris as host plant. Finally, expression of the operon containing bceN was induced by the presence of germinated P. vulgaris seeds under nitrogen limiting conditions suggesting a role of this polysaccharide in the establishment of this ecologically important symbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilei Liu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Bellich
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sebastian Hug
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leo Eberl
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pessi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Raso MM, Gasperini G, Alfini R, Schiavo F, Aruta MG, Carducci M, Forgione MC, Martini S, Cescutti P, Necchi F, Micoli F. GMMA and Glycoconjugate Approaches Compared in Mice for the Development of a Vaccine against Shigella flexneri Serotype 6. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020160. [PMID: 32260067 PMCID: PMC7349896 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Shigella infections are one of the top causes of diarrhea throughout the world, with Shigella flexneri being predominant in developing countries. Currently, no vaccines are widely available and increasing levels of multidrug-resistance make Shigella a high priority for vaccine development. The serotype-specific O-antigen moiety of Shigella lipopolysaccharide has been recognized as a key target for protective immunity, and many O-antigen based candidate vaccines are in development. Recently, the Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA) technology has been proposed as an alternative approach to traditional glycoconjugate vaccines for O-antigen delivery. Here, these two technologies are compared for a vaccine against S. flexneri serotype 6. Genetic strategies for GMMA production, conjugation approaches for linkage of the O-antigen to CRM197 carrier protein, and a large panel of analytical methods for full vaccine characterization have been put in place. In a head-to-head immunogenicity study in mice, GMMA induced higher anti-O-antigen IgG than glycoconjugate administered without Alhydrogel. When formulated on Alhydrogel, GMMA and glycoconjugate elicited similar levels of persistent anti-O-antigen IgG with bactericidal activity. Glycoconjugates are a well-established bacterial vaccine approach, but can be costly, particularly when multicomponent preparations are required. With similar immunogenicity and a simpler manufacturing process, GMMA are a promising strategy for the development of a vaccine against Shigella.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Michelina Raso
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.M.R.); (G.G.); (R.A.); (F.S.); (M.G.A.); (M.C.); (F.N.)
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, Building C11, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Gianmarco Gasperini
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.M.R.); (G.G.); (R.A.); (F.S.); (M.G.A.); (M.C.); (F.N.)
| | - Renzo Alfini
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.M.R.); (G.G.); (R.A.); (F.S.); (M.G.A.); (M.C.); (F.N.)
| | - Fabiola Schiavo
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.M.R.); (G.G.); (R.A.); (F.S.); (M.G.A.); (M.C.); (F.N.)
| | - Maria Grazia Aruta
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.M.R.); (G.G.); (R.A.); (F.S.); (M.G.A.); (M.C.); (F.N.)
| | - Martina Carducci
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.M.R.); (G.G.); (R.A.); (F.S.); (M.G.A.); (M.C.); (F.N.)
| | | | - Silvia Martini
- GSK, via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.C.F.); (S.M.)
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, Building C11, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Francesca Necchi
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.M.R.); (G.G.); (R.A.); (F.S.); (M.G.A.); (M.C.); (F.N.)
| | - Francesca Micoli
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.M.R.); (G.G.); (R.A.); (F.S.); (M.G.A.); (M.C.); (F.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0577-539087
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jou IA, Caterino M, Schnupf U, Rizzo R, Cescutti P, Brady JW. Ramachandran conformational energy maps for disaccharide linkages found in Burkholderia multivorans biofilm polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 143:501-509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
18
|
Birarda G, Delneri A, Lagatolla C, Parisse P, Cescutti P, Vaccari L, Rizzo R. Multi-technique microscopy investigation on bacterial biofilm matrices: a study on Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical strains. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:7315-7325. [PMID: 31637462 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are communities of bacteria living embedded in a highly hydrated matrix composed of polysaccharides, proteins, and extracellular DNA. This life style confers numerous advantages to bacteria including protection against external threats. However, they also contribute to increase bacterial resistance against antimicrobials, an issue particularly relevant in dangerous infections. Due to the complexity of the matrix, few information is present in the literature on details of its architecture including the spatial distribution of the macromolecular components which might give hints on the way the biofilm scaffold is built up by bacteria. In this study, we investigated the possibility to combine well-established microbiological procedures with advanced microscopies to get information on composition and distribution of the macromolecular components of biofilm matrices. To this, confocal microscopy, diffraction-limited infrared (IR) spectral imaging, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to explore biofilm produced by a clinical strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae. IR imaging permitted to have clues on how the biofilm grows and spreads on surfaces, and the local distribution of the components within it. Through the analysis of the pure component spectra, it was possible to assess the chemical and structural composition of the saccaridic matrix, confirming the data obtained by NMR. It was also possible to follow the time course of biofilm from 6 up to 48 h when the biofilm grew into a 3-dimensional multi-layered structure, characteristic of colonies of bacteria linked together by a complex matrix. In addition, nanoFTIR and AFM investigations allowed the estimation of biofilm growth in the vertical direction and the morphological analysis of bacterial colonies at different time points and the evaluation of the chemical composition at the nanoscale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Birarda
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S.14 Km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ambra Delneri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Cristina Lagatolla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Pietro Parisse
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S.14 Km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lisa Vaccari
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S.14 Km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Rizzo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bellich B, Distefano M, Syrgiannis Z, Bosi S, Guida F, Rizzo R, Brady JW, Cescutti P. The polysaccharide extracted from the biofilm of Burkholderia multivorans strain C1576 binds hydrophobic species and exhibits a compact 3D-structure. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 136:944-950. [PMID: 31229548 PMCID: PMC6711379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms often grow in communities called biofilms where cells are imbedded in a complex self-produced biopolymeric matrix composed mainly of polysaccharides, proteins, and DNA. This matrix, together with cell proximity, confers many advantages to these microbial communities, but also constitutes a serious concern when biofilms develop in human tissues or on implanted prostheses. Although polysaccharides are considered the main constituents of the matrices, their specific role needs to be clarified. We have investigated the chemical and morphological properties of the polysaccharide extracted from biofilms produced by the C1576 reference strain of the opportunistic pathogen Burkholderia multivorans, which causes lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. The aim of the present study is the definition of possible interactions of the polysaccharide and the three-dimensional conformation of its chain within the biofilm matrix. Surface plasmon resonance experiments confirmed the ability of the polysaccharide to bind hydrophobic molecules, due to the presence of rhamnose dimers in its primary structure. In addition, atomic force microscopy studies evidenced an extremely compact three-dimensional structure of the polysaccharide which may form aggregates, suggesting a novel view of its structural role into the biofilm matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bellich
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Distefano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Zois Syrgiannis
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Susanna Bosi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Filomena Guida
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Rizzo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - John W Brady
- Department of Food Sciences, Cornell University, M10 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-5701, USA
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
De Benedetto G, Micoli F, Londero S, Salvini L, Sturiale L, Garozzo D, Ravenscroft N, Giannelli C, Cescutti P. Characterization of the Salmonella Typhimurium core oligosaccharide and its reducing end 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid used for conjugate vaccine production. Carbohydr Res 2019; 481:43-51. [PMID: 31228656 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the strategies adopted for the development of a bivalent conjugate vaccine against invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella consists of linking the O-antigen component of S. Typhimurium and S. Entertidis lipopolysaccharides to the carrier protein CRM197, a non-toxic variant of diphtheria toxin. The conjugation reaction uses the reducing end residue 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) of the core to which the O-antigen chain is bound (OAg-core). OAg-core chains are cleaved from the lipid A directly in the fermentation broth by mild acid treatment. Kdo has been reported to undergo structural changes under these conditions and therefore the Kdo at the reducing end was thoroughly analysed to verify its structural integrity. For this purpose, low molecular mass OAg-core chains extracted from S. Typhimurium wild type bacteria and core oligosaccharides extracted from S. Typhimurium bacteria mutated not to produce O-antigen repeats were characterized by GLC-MS, MALDI-TOF-MS and NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, a combination of 1H-1H and 1H-13C experiments confirmed the linkage positions, sequence and structure of the octasaccharide core with 5-linked Kdo present at the reducing end in its native structure: α-GlcpNAc-(1→2)-α-Glcp-(1→2)-α-Galp-(1→3)-[α-Galp-(1→6)]-α-Glcp-(1→3)-[α-Hepp-(1→7)]-α-Hepp-(1→3)-α-Hepp-(1→5)-Kdo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi De Benedetto
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, Bdg C11, 34127, Trieste, Italy; GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Micoli
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Londero
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, Bdg C11, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Salvini
- Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Luisa Sturiale
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, CNR, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Domenico Garozzo
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, CNR, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Neil Ravenscroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Carlo Giannelli
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, Bdg C11, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bellich B, Ravenscroft N, Rizzo R, Lagatolla C, D'Andrea MM, Rossolini GM, Cescutti P. Structure of the capsular polysaccharide of the KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strain KK207-2 and assignment of the glycosyltransferases functions. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:536-544. [PMID: 30802520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae strain KK207-2 was isolated in 2010 from a bloodstream infection of an inpatient at an Italian hospital. It was previously found to produce the KPC-2 carbapenemase and to belong to clade 1 of sequence type 258. Genotyping of the conserved wzi and wzc genes from strain KK207-2 yielded contrasting results: the wzc-based method assigned the cps207-2 to a new K-type, while the wzi-based method assigned it to the known K41 K-type. In order to resolve this contradiction, the capsular polysaccharide of K. pneumoniae KK207-2 was purified and its structure determined by using GLC-MS of appropriate carbohydrate derivatives, ESI-MS of both partial hydrolysis and Smith degradation derived oligosaccharides, and NMR spectroscopy of oligosaccharides, and the lithium degraded, native and de-O-acetylated polysaccharide. All the collected data demonstrated the following repeating unit for the K. pneumoniae KK207-2 capsular polysaccharide: The polysaccharide contains about 0.60 acetyl groups per repeating unit on C6 of the Gal residue. The reactions catalyzed by each glycosyltransferase in the cpsKK207-2 gene cluster were assigned on the basis of structural homology with other Klebsiella K antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bellich
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, Bdg C11, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Neil Ravenscroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Roberto Rizzo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, Bdg C11, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Cristina Lagatolla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, Bdg C11, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Maria D'Andrea
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Microbiology and Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, Bdg C11, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Javvadi SG, Cescutti P, Rizzo R, Lonzarich V, Navarini L, Licastro D, Guarnaccia C, Venturi V. The spent culture supernatant of Pseudomonas syringae contains azelaic acid. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:199. [PMID: 30486794 PMCID: PMC6264629 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (PSA) is an emerging kiwifruit bacterial pathogen which since 2008 has caused considerable losses. No quorum sensing (QS) signaling molecule has yet been reported from PSA and the aim of this study was to identify possible intercellular signals produced by PSA. Results A secreted metabolome analysis resulted in the identification of 83 putative compounds, one of them was the nine carbon saturated dicarboxylic acid called azelaic acid. Azelaic acid, which is a nine-carbon (C9) saturated dicarboxylic acid, has been reported in plants as a mobile signal that primes systemic defenses. In addition, its structure,(which is associated with fatty acid biosynthesis) is similar to other known bacterial QS signals like the Diffusible Signal Facor (DSF). For these reason it could be acting as s signal molecule. Analytical and structural studies by NMR spectroscopy confirmed that in PSA spent supernatants azelaic acid was present. Quantification studies further revealed that 20 μg/L of were present and was also found in the spent supernatants of several other P. syringae pathovars. The RNAseq transcriptome study however did not determine whether azelaic acid could behave as a QS molecule. Conclusions This study reports of the possible natural biosynthesis of azelaic acid by bacteria. The production of azelaic acid by P. syringae pathovars can be associated with plant-bacteria signaling. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1352-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Rizzo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Corrado Guarnaccia
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Vittorio Venturi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bellich B, Lagatolla C, Tossi A, Benincasa M, Cescutti P, Rizzo R. Influence of Bacterial Biofilm Polysaccharide Structure on Interactions with Antimicrobial Peptides: A Study on Klebsiella pneumoniae. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061685. [PMID: 29882774 PMCID: PMC6032227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are complex systems produced by bacteria and constituted by macromolecular matrix embedding cells. They provide advantages to bacteria including protection against antimicrobials. The protection given by biofilms produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae strains towards antimicrobial peptides of the innate immune system was investigated. In particular, the role of matrix bacterial exopolysaccharides was explored. Three clinical strains producing exopolysaccharides with different chemistry were selected and the interaction of purified biofilm polysaccharides with two bovine cathelicidins was studied by circular dichroism spectroscopy and microbiological assays to establish their influence on the peptide’s antimicrobial activity. The spectroscopic data indicated a different extent of interaction with the two peptides, in a manner dependent on their sugar composition, and in particular the presence of rhamnose residues correlated with a lower interaction. The extent of interaction was then related to the protection towards antimicrobial peptides, conferred by the addition of the different exopolysaccharides, in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays against a reference Escherichia coli strain. Microbiological results were in very good agreement with spectroscopic data, confirming the active role of matrix polysaccharides in determining a biofilm’s protective capacity and indicating lower protection levels afforded by rhamnose containing exopolysaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bellich
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Cristina Lagatolla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Tossi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Monica Benincasa
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Roberto Rizzo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
De Benedetto G, Salvini L, Gotta S, Cescutti P, Micoli F. Investigation on Sugar–Protein Connectivity in Salmonella O-Antigen Glycoconjugate Vaccines. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1736-1747. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi De Benedetto
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Ed. C11, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Salvini
- Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Gotta
- GSK Vaccines S.r.l., via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Ed. C11, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Micoli
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
De Benedetto G, Cescutti P, Giannelli C, Rizzo R, Micoli F. Multiple Techniques for Size Determination of Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens from Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis. ACS Omega 2017; 2:8282-8289. [PMID: 30023580 PMCID: PMC6044966 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, outer membrane vesicles have attracted a lot of attention for the development of vaccines against bacterial pathogens. Extracellular vesicles can be obtained in high yields by genetic mutations, resulting in generalized modules for membrane antigens (GMMA). Methods to check the quality, consistency of production, and stability of GMMA vaccines are of fundamental importance. In this context, analytical methods for size distribution determination and verifying the integrity and possible aggregation of GMMA particles are strongly needed. Herein, GMMA particle size distribution has been evaluated by means of three different techniques. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), multiangle light scattering (MALS) coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) have been compared to characterize GMMA from different mutants of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis strains. We found that the presence of O-antigen chains on GMMA determined higher Z-average diameters by DLS compared to size estimation by MALS and that the hydrodynamic diameter increased with the number of O-antigen chains per GMMA particle. In the case of SEC-MALS, the size of the whole population better reflects the size of the most abundant particles, whereas DLS diameter is more influenced by the presence of larger particles in the sample. SEC-MALS and NTA are preferable to DLS for the analysis of bimodal samples, as they better distinguish populations of different size. MALS coupled to a size exclusion chromatography module also allows checking the purity of GMMA preparations, allowing determination of generally occurring contaminants such as soluble proteins and DNA. NTA permits real-time visualization with simultaneous tracking and counting of individual particles, but it is deeply dependent on the choice of data analysis parameters. All of the three techniques have provided complementary information leading to a more complete characterization of GMMA particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi De Benedetto
- GSK
Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Vita, Ed. C11, Università
degli Studi di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Vita, Ed. C11, Università
degli Studi di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlo Giannelli
- GSK
Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Roberto Rizzo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Vita, Ed. C11, Università
degli Studi di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Micoli
- GSK
Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
- E-mail: . Phone: 0039 0577 539087
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Scarpari M, Reverberi M, Parroni A, Scala V, Fanelli C, Pietricola C, Zjalic S, Maresca V, Tafuri A, Ricciardi MR, Licchetta R, Mirabilii S, Sveronis A, Cescutti P, Rizzo R. Tramesan, a novel polysaccharide from Trametes versicolor. Structural characterization and biological effects. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171412. [PMID: 28829786 PMCID: PMC5567496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms represent a formidable source of bioactive compounds. Some of these may be considered as biological response modifiers; these include compounds with a specific biological function: antibiotics (e.g. plectasin), immune system stimulator (e,g, lentinan), antitumor agents (e.g. krestin, PSK) and hypolipidemic agents (e.g. lovastatin) inter alia. In this study, we focused on the Chinese medicinal mushroom "yun zhi", Trametes versicolor, traditionally used for (cit.) "replenish essence and qi (vital energy)". Previous studies indicated the potential activity of extracts from culture filtrate of asexual mycelia of T. versicolor in controlling the growth and secondary metabolism (e.g. mycotoxins) of plant pathogenic fungi. The quest of active principles produced by T. versicolor, allowed us characterising an exo-polysaccharide released in its culture filtrate and naming it Tramesan. Herein we evaluate the biological activity of Tramesan in different organisms: plants, mammals and plant pathogenic fungi. We suggest that the bioactivity of Tramesan relies mostly on its ability to act as pro antioxidant molecule regardless the biological system on which it was applied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Scarpari
- Sapienza University, Dept. of Environmental Biology, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Reverberi
- Sapienza University, Dept. of Environmental Biology, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessia Parroni
- Sapienza University, Dept. of Environmental Biology, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Roma, Italy
| | - Valeria Scala
- Research Unit for Plant Pathology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy, Roma, Italy
| | - Corrado Fanelli
- Sapienza University, Dept. of Environmental Biology, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Pietricola
- Sapienza University, Dept. of Environmental Biology, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Roma, Italy
| | - Slaven Zjalic
- Department of Ecology, Agronomy and Aquaculture, University of Zadar, HR, Zadar
| | | | - Agostino Tafuri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Hematology, "Sant'Andrea" University Hospital Sapienza, University of Rome Roma
| | - Maria R Ricciardi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Hematology, "Sant'Andrea" University Hospital Sapienza, University of Rome Roma
| | - Roberto Licchetta
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Hematology, "Sant'Andrea" University Hospital Sapienza, University of Rome Roma
| | - Simone Mirabilii
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Hematology, "Sant'Andrea" University Hospital Sapienza, University of Rome Roma
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kuttel MM, Cescutti P, Distefano M, Rizzo R. Fluorescence and NMR spectroscopy together with molecular simulations reveal amphiphilic characteristics of a Burkholderia biofilm exopolysaccharide. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:11034-11042. [PMID: 28468829 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.785048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are a collective mode of bacterial life in which a self-produced matrix confines cells in close proximity to each other. Biofilms confer many advantages, including protection from chemicals (including antibiotics), entrapment of useful extracellular enzymes and nutrients, as well as opportunities for efficient recycling of molecules from dead cells. Biofilm matrices are aqueous gel-like structures composed of polysaccharides, proteins, and DNA stabilized by intermolecular interactions that may include non-polar connections. Recently, polysaccharides extracted from biofilms produced by species of the Burkholderia cepacia complex were shown to possess clusters of rhamnose, a 6-deoxy sugar with non-polar characteristics. Molecular dynamics simulations are well suited to characterizing the structure and dynamics of polysaccharides, but only relatively few such studies exist of their interaction with non-polar molecules. Here we report an investigation into the hydrophobic properties of the exopolysaccharide produced by Burkholderia multivorans strain C1576. Fluorescence experiments with two hydrophobic fluorescent probes established that this polysaccharide complexes hydrophobic species, and NMR experiments confirmed these interactions. Molecular simulations to model the hydrodynamics of the polysaccharide and the interaction with guest species revealed a very flexible, amphiphilic carbohydrate chain that has frequent dynamic interactions with apolar molecules; both hexane and a long-chain fatty acid belonging to the quorum-sensing system of B. multivorans were tested. A possible role of the non-polar domains of the exopolysaccharide in facilitating the diffusion of aliphatic species toward specific targets within the biofilm aqueous matrix is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Kuttel
- From the Department of Computer Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa and
| | - Paola Cescutti
- the Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Distefano
- the Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Rizzo
- the Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
De Benedetto G, Alfini R, Cescutti P, Caboni M, Lanzilao L, Necchi F, Saul A, MacLennan CA, Rondini S, Micoli F. Characterization of O-antigen delivered by Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA) vaccine candidates against nontyphoidal Salmonella. Vaccine 2016; 35:419-426. [PMID: 27998639 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.11.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease (iNTS) is a leading cause of death and morbidity in Africa. The most common pathogens are Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis. The O-antigen portion of their lipopolysaccharide is a target of protective immunity and vaccines targeting O-antigen are currently in development. Here we investigate the use of Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA) as delivery system for S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis O-antigen. Gram-negative bacteria naturally shed outer membrane in a blebbing process. By deletion of the tolR gene, the level of shedding was greatly enhanced. Further genetic modifications were introduced into the GMMA-producing strains in order to reduce reactogenicity, by detoxifying the lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide. We found that genetic mutations can impact on expression of O-antigen chains. All S. Enteritidis GMMA characterized had an O-antigen to protein w/w ratio higher than 0.6, while the ratio was 0.7 for S. Typhimurium ΔtolR GMMA, but decreased to less than 0.1 when further mutations for lipid A detoxification were introduced. Changes were also observed in O-antigen chain length and level and/or position of O-acetylation. When tested in mice, the GMMA induced high levels of anti-O-antigen-specific IgG functional antibodies, despite variation in density and O-antigen structural modifications. In conclusion, simplicity of manufacturing process and low costs of production, coupled with encouraging immunogenicity data, make GMMA an attractive strategy to further investigate for the development of a vaccine against iNTS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G De Benedetto
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l. (former Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, NVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Ed. C11, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - R Alfini
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l. (former Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, NVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - P Cescutti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Ed. C11, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Caboni
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - L Lanzilao
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l. (former Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, NVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - F Necchi
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l. (former Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, NVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - A Saul
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l. (former Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, NVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - C A MacLennan
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - S Rondini
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l. (former Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, NVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - F Micoli
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l. (former Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, NVGH), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Benincasa M, Lagatolla C, Dolzani L, Milan A, Pacor S, Liut G, Tossi A, Cescutti P, Rizzo R. Biofilms from Klebsiella pneumoniae: Matrix Polysaccharide Structure and Interactions with Antimicrobial Peptides. Microorganisms 2016; 4:microorganisms4030026. [PMID: 27681920 PMCID: PMC5039586 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms4030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm matrices of two Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates, KpTs101 and KpTs113, were investigated for their polysaccharide composition and protective effects against antimicrobial peptides. Both strains were good biofilm producers, with KpTs113 forming flocs with very low adhesive properties to supports. Matrix exopolysaccharides were isolated and their monosaccharide composition and glycosidic linkage types were defined. KpTs101 polysaccharide is neutral and composed only of galactose, in both pyranose and furanose ring configurations. Conversely, KpTs113 polysaccharide is anionic due to glucuronic acid units, and also contains glucose and mannose residues. The susceptibility of the two strains to two bovine cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides, BMAP-27 and Bac7(1–35), was assessed using both planktonic cultures and biofilms. Biofilm matrices exerted a relevant protection against both antimicrobials, which act with quite different mechanisms. Similar protection was also detected when antimicrobial peptides were tested against planktonic bacteria in the presence of the polysaccharides extracted from KpTs101 and KpTs113 biofilms, suggesting sequestering adduct formation with antimicrobials. Circular dichroism experiments on BMAP-27 in the presence of increasing amounts of either polysaccharide confirmed their ability to interact with the peptide and induce an α-helical conformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Benincasa
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, Trieste I-34127, Italy.
| | - Cristina Lagatolla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, Trieste I-34127, Italy.
| | - Lucilla Dolzani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, Trieste I-34127, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Milan
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, Trieste I-34127, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Pacor
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, Trieste I-34127, Italy.
| | - Gianfranco Liut
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, Trieste I-34127, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Tossi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, Trieste I-34127, Italy.
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, Trieste I-34127, Italy.
| | - Roberto Rizzo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, Trieste I-34127, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cescutti P, De Benedetto G, Rizzo R. Structural determination of the polysaccharide isolated from biofilms produced by a clinical strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Carbohydr Res 2016; 430:29-35. [PMID: 27182661 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae are Gram negative opportunistic pathogens producing capsular (K) polysaccharides. Seventy-seven different K antigens have been described and they are the basis for K serotyping. Capsular polysaccharides are important virulence factors and have a relevant role for the structure of biofilm communities. Nevertheless, little information is available on the polysaccharides produced in biofilm matrices by Klebsiella spp. In the present study, a clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae was grown both on cellulose membranes deposited on agar plates, where it formed an adherent biofilm, and in liquid medium, where it formed floating biofilms (flocs). Extraction and purification of the polysaccharide fraction showed that only one main carbohydrate polymer was present in both adherent biofilms and flocs. Composition and linkage analysis, Smith degradation followed by ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy revealed that the polysaccharide belong to the type K24 and has the following structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cescutti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, Bdg. C11, Trieste 34127, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi De Benedetto
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, Bdg. C11, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Roberto Rizzo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, Bdg. C11, Trieste 34127, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pellizzoni E, Ravalico F, Scaini D, Delneri A, Rizzo R, Cescutti P. Biofilms produced by Burkholderia cenocepacia: influence of media and solid supports on composition of matrix exopolysaccharides. Microbiology (Reading) 2015; 162:283-294. [PMID: 26586192 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria usually grow forming biofilms, which are communities of cells embedded in a self-produced dynamic polymeric matrix, characterized by a complex three-dimensional structure. The matrix holds cells together and above a surface, and eventually releases them, resulting in colonization of other surfaces. Although exopolysaccharides (EPOLs) are important components of the matrix, determination of their structure is usually performed on samples produced in non-biofilm conditions, or indirectly through genetic studies. Among the Burkholderia cepacia complex species, Burkholderia cenocepacia is an important pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and is generally more aggressive than other species. In the present investigation, B. cenocepacia strain BTS2, a CF isolate, was grown in biofilm mode on glass slides and cellulose membranes, using five growth media, one of which mimics the nutritional content of CF sputum. The structure of the matrix EPOLs was determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, while visualization of the biofilms on glass slides was obtained by means of confocal laser microscopy, phase-contrast microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The results confirmed that the type of EPOLs biosynthesized depends both on the medium used and on the type of support, and showed that mucoid conditions do not always lead to significant biofilm production, while bacteria in a non-mucoid state can still form biofilm containing EPOLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pellizzoni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, Bdg C11, 34127Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabio Ravalico
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, Bdg C11, 34127Trieste, Italy
| | - Denis Scaini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, Bdg C11, 34127Trieste, Italy
| | - Ambra Delneri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, Bdg C11, 34127Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Rizzo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, Bdg C11, 34127Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, Bdg C11, 34127Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dolfi S, Sveronis A, Silipo A, Rizzo R, Cescutti P. A novel rhamno-mannan exopolysaccharide isolated from biofilms of Burkholderia multivorans C1576. Carbohydr Res 2015; 411:42-8. [PMID: 25974852 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Burkholderia multivorans C1576 is a Gram negative opportunistic pathogen causing serious lung infection in cystic fibrosis patients. Considering that bacteria naturally form biofilms, and exopolysaccharides are recognized as important factors for biofilm architecture set-up, B. multivorans was grown both in biofilm and in non-biofilm mode on two different media in order to compare the exopolysaccharides biosynthesized in these different experimental conditions. The exopolysaccharides produced were purified and their structure was determined resorting mainly to NMR spectroscopy, ESI mass spectrometry and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The experimental data showed that both in biofilm and non-biofilm mode B. multivorans C1576 produced a novel exopolysaccharide having the following structure: [Formula: see text]. About 50% of the 2-linked rhamnose residues are substituted on C-3 with a methyl ether group. The high percentage of deoxysugar Rha units, coupled with OMe substitutions, suggest a possible role for polymer domains with marked hydrophobic characteristics able to create exopolysaccharide junction zones favouring the stability of the biofilm matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Dolfi
- Department of Life Sciences, Bldg C11, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Aris Sveronis
- Department of Life Sciences, Bldg C11, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Rizzo
- Department of Life Sciences, Bldg C11, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department of Life Sciences, Bldg C11, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ravenscroft N, Cescutti P, Gavini M, Stefanetti G, MacLennan CA, Martin LB, Micoli F. Structural analysis of the O-acetylated O-polysaccharide isolated from Salmonella paratyphi A and used for vaccine preparation. Carbohydr Res 2014; 404:108-16. [PMID: 25665787 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella paratyphi A is increasingly recognized as a common cause of enteric fever cases and there are no licensed vaccines against this infection. Antibodies directed against the O-polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella are protective and conjugation of the O-polysaccharide to a carrier protein represents a promising strategy for vaccine development. O-Acetylation of S. paratyphi A O-polysaccharide is considered important for the immunogenicity of S. paratyphi A conjugate vaccines. Here, as part of a programme to produce a bivalent conjugate vaccine against both S. typhi and S. paratyphi A diseases, we have fully elucidated the O-polysaccharide structure of S. paratyphi A by use of HPLC-SEC, HPAEC-PAD/CD, GLC, GLC-MS, 1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopy. In particular, chemical and NMR studies identified the presence of O-acetyl groups on C-2 and C-3 of rhamnose in the lipopolysaccharide repeating unit, at variance with previous reports of O-acetylation at a single position. Moreover HR-MAS NMR analysis performed directly on bacterial pellets from several strains of S. paratyphi A also showed O-acetylation on C-2 and C-3 of rhamnose, thus this pattern is common and not an artefact from O-polysaccharide purification. Conjugation of the O-polysaccharide to the carrier protein had little impact on O-acetylation and therefore should not adversely affect the immunogenicity of the vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Ravenscroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - P Cescutti
- Department of Life Sciences, Blg. C11, Università di Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Gavini
- Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Via Fiorentina 1, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - G Stefanetti
- Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Via Fiorentina 1, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - C A MacLennan
- Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Via Fiorentina 1, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - L B Martin
- Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Via Fiorentina 1, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - F Micoli
- Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Via Fiorentina 1, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cuzzi B, Herasimenka Y, Silipo A, Lanzetta R, Liut G, Rizzo R, Cescutti P. Versatility of the Burkholderia cepacia complex for the biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides: a comparative structural investigation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94372. [PMID: 24722641 PMCID: PMC3983119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Burkholderia cepacia Complex assembles at least eighteen closely related species that are ubiquitous in nature. Some isolates show beneficial potential for biocontrol, bioremediation and plant growth promotion. On the contrary, other strains are pathogens for plants and immunocompromised individuals, like cystic fibrosis patients. In these subjects, they can cause respiratory tract infections sometimes characterised by fatal outcome. Most of the Burkholderia cepacia Complex species are mucoid when grown on a mannitol rich medium and they also form biofilms, two related characteristics, since polysaccharides are important component of biofilm matrices. Moreover, polysaccharides contribute to bacterial survival in a hostile environment by inhibiting both neutrophils chemotaxis and antimicrobial peptides activity, and by scavenging reactive oxygen species. The ability of these microorganisms to produce exopolysaccharides with different structures is testified by numerous articles in the literature. However, little is known about the type of polysaccharides produced in biofilms and their relationship with those obtained in non-biofilm conditions. The aim of this study was to define the type of exopolysaccharides produced by nine species of the Burkholderia cepacia Complex. Two isolates were then selected to compare the polysaccharides produced on agar plates with those formed in biofilms developed on cellulose membranes. The investigation was conducted using NMR spectroscopy, high performance size exclusion chromatography, and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The results showed that the Complex is capable of producing a variety of exopolysaccharides, most often in mixture, and that the most common exopolysaccharide is always cepacian. In addition, two novel polysaccharide structures were determined: one composed of mannose and rhamnose and another containing galactose and glucuronic acid. Comparison of exopolysaccharides obtained from cultures on agar plates with those extracted from biofilms on cellulose membranes showed important differences, thus suggesting that extrapolating data from non-biofilm conditions might not always be applicable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Cuzzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Yury Herasimenka
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Lanzetta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Liut
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Rizzo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Micoli F, Ravenscroft N, Cescutti P, Stefanetti G, Londero S, Rondini S, Maclennan CA. Structural analysis of O-polysaccharide chains extracted from different Salmonella Typhimurium strains. Carbohydr Res 2013; 385:1-8. [PMID: 24384528 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium is the major cause of invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease in Africa, with high mortality among children and HIV-infected individuals. Currently, no vaccine is available for use in humans. Antibodies directed against the O-polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide molecule of Salmonella mediate bacterial killing and are protective, and conjugation of the O-polysaccharide to a carrier protein represents a possible strategy for vaccine development. Here we have purified the O-polysaccharide from six different strains of S. Typhimurium and fully characterized them using analytical methods including HPLC-SEC, HPAEC-PAD, GC, GC-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. All the O-polysaccharide samples showed a similar bimodal molecular mass distribution, but differed with respect to the amount and position of O-acetylation and glucosylation. For some strains, O-acetyl groups were found not only on C-2 of abequose (factor 5 specificity), but also on C-2 and C-3 of rhamnose; glucose was found to be linked 1→4 or 1→6 to galactose in different amounts according to the strain of origin. This structural variability could have an impact on the immunogenicity of corresponding glycoconjugate vaccines and different strains need to be evaluated in order to identify the appropriate source of O-polysaccharide to use for the development of a candidate conjugate vaccine with broad coverage against S. Typhimurium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Micoli
- Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Via Fiorentina 1, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Neil Ravenscroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Ed. C11, Università di Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Stefanetti
- Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Via Fiorentina 1, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Londero
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Ed. C11, Università di Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Simona Rondini
- Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Via Fiorentina 1, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Calman A Maclennan
- Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Via Fiorentina 1, I-53100 Siena, Italy; Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cescutti P, Cuzzi B, Herasimenka Y, Rizzo R. Structure of a novel exopolysaccharide produced by Burkholderia vietnamiensis, a cystic fibrosis opportunistic pathogen. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 94:253-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
37
|
Kuttel M, Ravenscroft N, Foschiatti M, Cescutti P, Rizzo R. Conformational properties of two exopolysaccharides produced by Inquilinus limosus, a cystic fibrosis lung pathogen. Carbohydr Res 2012; 350:40-8. [PMID: 22261278 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Inquilinus limosus is a multi-resistant bacterium found in the respiratory tract of patients with cystic fibrosis. This bacterium produces two unique fully pyruvylated exopolysaccharides in similar quantities: an α-(1→2)-linked mannan and a β-(1→3)-linked glucan. We employed molecular modelling methods to probe the characteristic conformations and dynamics of these polysaccharides, with corroboration from potentiometric titrations and circular dichroism experiments. Our calculations reveal different structural motifs for the mannan and glucan polysaccharides: the glucan forms primarily right-handed helices with a wide range of extensions, while the mannan forms only left-handed helices. This finding is supported by our circular dichroism experiments. Our calculations also show that the (1→3)-β-d-Glcp linkage is more dynamically flexible than the (1→2)-α-d-Manp: the glucan characteristically forms a range of wide helices with large central cavities. In contrast, the mannan forms rigid regular 'bottlebrush' helices with a minimal central cavity. The widely different character of these two polymers suggests a possible differentiation of biological roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Kuttel
- Department of Computer Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cuzzi B, Cescutti P, Furlanis L, Lagatolla C, Sturiale L, Garozzo D, Rizzo R. Investigation of bacterial resistance to the immune system response: cepacian depolymerisation by reactive oxygen species. Innate Immun 2012; 18:661-71. [PMID: 22278934 DOI: 10.1177/1753425911435954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are part of the weapons used by the immune system to kill and degrade infecting microorganisms. Bacteria can produce macromolecules, such as polysaccharides, that are able to scavenge ROS. Species belonging to the Burkholderia cepacia complex are involved in serious lung infection in cystic fibrosis patients and produce a characteristic polysaccharide, cepacian. The interaction between ROS and bacterial polysaccharides was first investigated by killing experiments, where bacteria cells were incubated with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) with and without prior incubation with cepacian. The results showed that the polysaccharide had a protective effect towards bacterial cells. Cepacian was then treated with different concentrations of NaClO and the course of reactions was followed by means of capillary viscometry. The degradation products were characterised by size-exclusion chromatography, NMR and mass spectrometry. The results showed that hypochlorite depolymerised cepacian, removed side chains and O-acetyl groups, but did not cleave the glycosidic bond between glucuronic acid and rhamnose. The structure of some oligomers produced by NaClO oxidation is reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Cuzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cescutti P, Foschiatti M, Furlanis L, Lagatolla C, Rizzo R. Isolation and characterisation of the biological repeating unit of cepacian, the exopolysaccharide produced by bacteria of the Burkholderia cepacia complex. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:1455-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
40
|
Benincasa M, Mattiuzzo M, Herasimenka Y, Cescutti P, Rizzo R, Gennaro R. Activity of antimicrobial peptides in the presence of polysaccharides produced by pulmonary pathogens. J Pept Sci 2009; 15:595-600. [PMID: 19466693 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are secreted in the airway and contribute to initial defence against inhaled pathogens. Infections of the respiratory tract are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm newborns and in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). In this latter group, the state of chronic lung infection is due to the ability of bacteria to grow as mucoid biofilm, a condition characterised by overproduction and release of polysaccharides (PSs). In this study, we investigate the effect of PSs produced by lung pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex on the antibacterial activity of structurally different peptides. The AMPs tested in this study include the cathelicidin LL-37 and the beta-defensin hBD-3 from humans, both released at the alveolar level, as well as peptides from other mammals, i.e. SMAP-29, PG-1 and Bac7(1-35). Susceptibility assays, time killing and membrane permeabilization kinetics experiments were carried out to establish whether PSs produced by lung pathogens may be involved in the poor defence reaction of infected lungs and thus explain infection persistence. All the PSs investigated inhibited, albeit to a different extent, the antibacterial activity of the peptides tested, suggesting that their presence in the lungs of patients with CF may contribute to the decreased defence response of this district upon infection by PS-producing microorganisms. The results also show that inhibition of the antibacterial activity is not simply due to ionic interaction between the negatively charged PSs and the cationic AMPs, but it also involves other structural features of both interactors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Benincasa
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ieranò T, Cescutti P, Leone MR, Luciani A, Rizzo R, Raia V, Lanzetta R, Parrilli M, Maiuri L, Silipo A, Molinaro A. The lipid A of Burkholderia multivorans C1576 smooth-type lipopolysaccharide and its pro-inflammatory activity in a cystic fibrosis airways model. Innate Immun 2009; 16:354-65. [PMID: 19880661 DOI: 10.1177/1753425909347400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder and it is characterised by chronic bacterial airway infection which leads to progressive lung deterioration, sometimes with fatal outcome. Burkholderia multivorans and Burkholderia cenocepacia are the species responsible for most of the infections of cystic fibrosis patients. Lipopolysaccharide endotoxins (LPSs) are among the foremost factors of pathogenesis of Gram-negative infection and, in particular, lipid A is the endotoxic portion of LPS responsible for eliciting host innate immune response. In this work, the complete primary structure of the lipid A from B. multivorans C1576 has been defined and, further, its pro-inflammatory activity in a cystic fibrosis airways model is shown. The structure of B. multivorans lipid A was attained by chemical, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses whereas its biological activity was assessed on the intestinal epithelial cell line CACO-2 cells, on the airway epithelial IB3-1 cells, carrying the ΔF508/W1282X CFTR mutation and on an ex vivo model of culture explants of nasal polyps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Ieranò
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ieranò T, Silipo A, Cescutti P, Leone MR, Rizzo R, Lanzetta R, Parrilli M, Molinaro A. Structural Study and Conformational Behavior of the Two Different Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigens Produced by the Cystic Fibrosis PathogenBurkholderia multivorans. Chemistry 2009; 15:7156-66. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
43
|
Ravenscroft N, Cescutti P, Hearshaw MA, Ramsout R, Rizzo R, Timme EM. Structural analysis of fructans from Agave americana grown in South Africa for spirit production. J Agric Food Chem 2009; 57:3995-4003. [PMID: 19348427 DOI: 10.1021/jf8039389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fructans isolated from Agave americana grown in South Africa are currently used for spirit production. Structural studies on water-soluble fructans were performed to facilitate the development of other applications including its use as a prebiotic. Acid hydrolysis followed by HPAEC-PAD analysis confirmed that the fructan was composed of glucose and fructose, and size analysis by HPAEC-PAD and size exclusion chromatography indicated that the saccharides have a DP range from 6 to 50. An average DP of 14 was estimated by (1)H NMR analysis. Linkage analysis and ESI-MS studies suggest that A. americana has a neofructan structure consisting of a central sucrose to which (2 → 1)- and (2 → 6)-linked β-D-Fruf chains are attached. The (2 → 1)-linked units extend from C-1 of Fru and C-6 of glucose, whereas the (2 → 6)-linked β-D-Fruf units are attached to C-6 of the central Fru. This structure accounts for the presence of equimolar amounts of 1,6-linked Glu and 1,2,6-linked Fru found in linkage analysis and the multiplicity of the NMR signals observed. Detailed ESI-MS studies were performed on fructan fractions: native, periodate oxidized/reduced, and permethylated oligomers. These derivatizations introduced mass differences between Glc and Fru following oxidation and between 1,2-, 1,6-, 2,6-, and 1,2,6-linked units after methylation. Thus, ESI-MS showed the presence of a single Glc per fructan chain and that it is predominantly internal, rather than terminal as found in inulin. These structural features were confirmed by the use of 1D and 2D NMR experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Ravenscroft
- Bioanalytical and Vaccine Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Foschiatti M, Hearshaw M, Cescutti P, Ravenscroft N, Rizzo R. Conformational studies of the capsular polysaccharide produced by Neisseria meningitidis group A. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:940-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
45
|
Abstract
The interaction of bacterial exopolysaccharides, produced by opportunistic lung pathogens, with antimicrobial peptides of the innate primate immune system was investigated. The exopolysaccharides were produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Inquilinus limosus and clinical isolates of the Burkholderia cepacia complex, bacteria that are all involved in lung infections of cystic fibrosis patients. The effects of the biological activities of three orthologous cathelicidins from Homo sapiens sapiens, Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) and Presbitys obscurus (dusky leaf monkey) were examined. Inhibition of the antimicrobial activity of peptides was assessed using minimum inhibitory concentration assays on a reference Escherichia coli strain in the presence and absence of exopolysaccharides, whereas complex formation between peptides and exopolysaccharides was investigated by means of circular dichroism, fluorescence spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Biological assays revealed that the higher the negative charge of exopolysaccharides the stronger was their inhibiting effect. Spectroscopic studies indicated the formation of molecular complexes of varying stability between peptides and exopolysaccharides, explaining the inhibition. Atomic force microscopy provided a direct visualization of the molecular complexes. A model is proposed where peptides with an alpha-helical conformation interact with exopolysaccharides through electrostatic and other non-covalent interactions.
Collapse
|
46
|
Fett W, Cescutti P, Wijey C. Exopolysaccharides of the plant pathogensPseudomonas corrugataandPs. flavescensand the saprophytePs. chlororaphis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1996.tb04497.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
47
|
Herasimenka Y, Cescutti P, Sampaio Noguera CE, Ruggiero JR, Urbani R, Impallomeni G, Zanetti F, Campidelli S, Prato M, Rizzo R. Macromolecular properties of cepacian in water and in dimethylsulfoxide. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:81-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2007] [Revised: 10/05/2007] [Accepted: 10/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
48
|
Herasimenka Y, Cescutti P, Impallomeni G, Rizzo R. Exopolysaccharides produced by Inquilinus limosus, a new pathogen of cystic fibrosis patients: novel structures with usual components. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:2404-15. [PMID: 17719019 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Revised: 07/11/2007] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis, an autosomal recessive disorder, is chronic microbial colonisation of the major airways that leads to exacerbation of pulmonary infection. Several different microbes colonise cystic fibrosis lungs, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most threatening, since the establishment of mucoid (alginate producing) strains is ultimately associated with the patient's death. Very recently a new bacterium, named Inquilinus limosus, was repeatedly found infecting the respiratory tract of cystic fibrosis patients. Its multi-resistance characteristic to antibiotics might result in the spreading of I. limosus infection among the cystic fibrosis community, as recently happened with strains of the Burkholderia cepacia complex. Since exopolysaccharides are recognised as important virulence factors in lung infections, the primary structure of the polysaccharide produced by I. limosus strain LMG 20952(T) was investigated as the first step in understanding its role in pathogenesis. The structure was determined by means of methylation analysis, acid degradations, mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. The results showed that the bacterium produced a mixture constituted of the following polymers: [3)-[4,6-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)]-beta-D-Glcp(1-->]n; [2)-[4,6-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)]-alpha-D-Manp(1-->]n. Both polymers were completely substituted with pyruvyl ketal groups, a novel structural characteristic not previously found in bacterial polysaccharides. The absolute configuration of all pyruvyl groups was S. Inspection of possible local conformations assumed by the two polysaccharide chains showed features, which might provide interesting clues for understanding structure-function relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yury Herasimenka
- Dipartimento di Biochimica Biofisica e Chimica delle Macromolecole, Università di Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Silipo A, Molinaro A, Comegna D, Sturiale L, Cescutti P, Garozzo D, Lanzetta R, Parrilli M. Full Structural Characterisation of the Lipooligosaccharide of aBurkholderiapyrrocinia Clinical Isolate. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
50
|
Herasimenka Y, Cescutti P, Impallomeni G, Campana S, Taccetti G, Ravenni N, Zanetti F, Rizzo R. Exopolysaccharides produced by clinical strains belonging to the Burkholderia cepacia complex. J Cyst Fibros 2006; 6:145-52. [PMID: 16860003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2006.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Revised: 06/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the frame of a research line dedicated to better clarify the role of exopolysaccharides (EPS) in bacterial virulence, EPS produced by species of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), namely Burkholderia multivorans, Burkholderia cenocepacia, and a Bcc member of undetermined genomovar, all isolated at the Cystic Fibrosis Regional Centre of Florence (Italy), were investigated for they structural properties. METHODS Three strains of B. multivorans, three of B. cenocepacia and one of a Bcc member of undetermined genomovar were isolated from CF patients. The reference strains C1576 and J2315, for genomovar II and III, respectively, were included in the study. The bacteria were grown on solid media, the exopolysaccharides produced were purified, and their structures were determined. In addition, sugar analysis of sputum samples was accomplished to search for EPS produced in vivo. RESULTS Six strains out of seven produced the exopolysaccharide cepacian, while one strain of B. multivorans produced a completely different polymer, previously known in the literature as PS1. Two strains synthesised very small amounts of EPS. No definitive evidence for the presence of cepacian in sputum samples was found. CONCLUSIONS Most strains examined produced abundant amounts of polysaccharides. Cepacian was the most common EPS isolated and its production was not associated to a particular genomovar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yury Herasimenka
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Chimica delle Macromolecole, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|