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Perosa FF, Gris AH, Piva MM, Menegatt JCO, Schwertz CI, Sônego P, Watanabe TTN, Pavarini SP, Driemeier D, Panziera W. Acute Oral Chromium Exposure Resulting in Ulcerative Gastritis and Perforated Ulcers in Swine. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:63. [PMID: 38200794 PMCID: PMC10777902 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal poisoning poses a challenge in diagnostic practices and environmental safety. This study describes the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects of a chromium (Cr) poisoning outbreak in growing/finishing pigs housed in pens with bedding of pine wood shavings containing Cr. A visit to the affected farm was conducted. Epidemiological data were collected, and necropsy and histopathological examinations and heavy metal quantifications were performed. Up to 30% of the animals from the affected pens displayed clinical signs 48 h after housing, characterized by apathy, rigid gait, distended abdomen, pain to abdominal palpation, fever, vomiting, and skin cyanosis. The lethality rate reached 76.6%. Main postmortem findings consisted of ulcerative gastritis with perforation of the glandular stomach in all necropsied swine. Heavy metal analysis revealed a higher concentration of Cr in the bedding of the affected pens, along with elevated levels of Cr in the livers of the affected swine. Given that Cr is a known cause of poisoning in humans (with acute oral exposure resulting in corrosive lesions in the gastrointestinal tract), this study marks the first diagnosis of acute oral natural Cr poisoning in animals. This diagnosis was established through the association of epidemiological, pathological, and heavy metal quantification data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Felicetti Perosa
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil; (A.H.G.); (M.M.P.); (J.C.O.M.); (C.I.S.); (P.S.); (S.P.P.); (D.D.); (W.P.)
| | - Anderson Hentz Gris
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil; (A.H.G.); (M.M.P.); (J.C.O.M.); (C.I.S.); (P.S.); (S.P.P.); (D.D.); (W.P.)
| | - Manoela Marchezan Piva
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil; (A.H.G.); (M.M.P.); (J.C.O.M.); (C.I.S.); (P.S.); (S.P.P.); (D.D.); (W.P.)
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná—Setor Palotina (UFPR), Rua Pioneiro, 2153, Palotina 85950-000, PR, Brazil
| | - Jean Carlo Olivo Menegatt
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil; (A.H.G.); (M.M.P.); (J.C.O.M.); (C.I.S.); (P.S.); (S.P.P.); (D.D.); (W.P.)
| | - Claiton Ismael Schwertz
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil; (A.H.G.); (M.M.P.); (J.C.O.M.); (C.I.S.); (P.S.); (S.P.P.); (D.D.); (W.P.)
- Inata Biológicos, BR-365, KM-615, Uberlândia 38407-180, MG, Brazil
| | - Paola Sônego
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil; (A.H.G.); (M.M.P.); (J.C.O.M.); (C.I.S.); (P.S.); (S.P.P.); (D.D.); (W.P.)
| | - Tatiane Terumi Negrao Watanabe
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA;
- Antech Diagnostics, West Olympic Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Saulo Petinatti Pavarini
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil; (A.H.G.); (M.M.P.); (J.C.O.M.); (C.I.S.); (P.S.); (S.P.P.); (D.D.); (W.P.)
| | - David Driemeier
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil; (A.H.G.); (M.M.P.); (J.C.O.M.); (C.I.S.); (P.S.); (S.P.P.); (D.D.); (W.P.)
| | - Welden Panziera
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Porto Alegre 91540-000, RS, Brazil; (A.H.G.); (M.M.P.); (J.C.O.M.); (C.I.S.); (P.S.); (S.P.P.); (D.D.); (W.P.)
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