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Kuzikov M, Reinshagen J, Wycisk K, Corona A, Esposito F, Malune P, Manelfi C, Iaconis D, Beccari A, Tramontano E, Nowotny M, Windshügel B, Gribbon P, Zaliani A. Drug repurposing screen to identify inhibitors of the RNA polymerase (nsp12) and helicase (nsp13) from SARS-CoV-2 replication and transcription complex. Virus Res 2024; 343:199356. [PMID: 38490582 PMCID: PMC10958470 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Coronaviruses contain one of the largest genomes among the RNA viruses, coding for 14-16 non-structural proteins (nsp) that are involved in proteolytic processing, genome replication and transcription, and four structural proteins that build the core of the mature virion. Due to conservation across coronaviruses, nsps form a group of promising drug targets as their inhibition directly affects viral replication and, therefore, progression of infection. A minimal but fully functional replication and transcription complex was shown to be formed by one RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (nsp12), one nsp7, two nsp8 accessory subunits, and two helicase (nsp13) enzymes. Our approach involved, targeting nsp12 and nsp13 to allow multiple starting point to interfere with virus infection progression. Here we report a combined in-vitro repurposing screening approach, identifying new and confirming reported SARS-CoV-2 nsp12 and nsp13 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kuzikov
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP) and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune mediated diseases (CIMD), Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525 Hamburg, and Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; Constructor University, School of Science, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Jeanette Reinshagen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP) and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune mediated diseases (CIMD), Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525 Hamburg, and Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Wycisk
- Laboratory of Protein Structure - International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 4 Ks. Trojdena Street, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Angela Corona
- Dipartimento di Scienze della vita e dell'ambiente, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS-554, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Esposito
- Dipartimento di Scienze della vita e dell'ambiente, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS-554, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Malune
- Dipartimento di Scienze della vita e dell'ambiente, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS-554, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Candida Manelfi
- EXSCALATE, Dompé farmaceutici S.p.A., Via Tommaso De Amicis, 95, Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Daniela Iaconis
- EXSCALATE, Dompé farmaceutici S.p.A., Via Tommaso De Amicis, 95, Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Andrea Beccari
- EXSCALATE, Dompé farmaceutici S.p.A., Via Tommaso De Amicis, 95, Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della vita e dell'ambiente, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS-554, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marcin Nowotny
- Laboratory of Protein Structure - International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 4 Ks. Trojdena Street, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Björn Windshügel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP) and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune mediated diseases (CIMD), Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525 Hamburg, and Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; Constructor University, School of Science, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Philip Gribbon
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP) and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune mediated diseases (CIMD), Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525 Hamburg, and Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andrea Zaliani
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP) and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune mediated diseases (CIMD), Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525 Hamburg, and Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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Biolatti M, Blangetti M, Baggieri M, Marchi A, Gioacchini S, Bajetto G, Arnodo D, Bucci P, Fioravanti R, Kojouri M, Bersani M, D'Arrigo G, Siragusa L, Ghinato S, De Andrea M, Gugliesi F, Albano C, Pasquero S, Visentin I, D'Ugo E, Esposito F, Malune P, Tramontano E, Prandi C, Spyrakis F, Magurano F, Dell'Oste V. Strigolactones as Broad-Spectrum Antivirals against β-Coronaviruses through Targeting the Main Protease M pro. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:1310-1318. [PMID: 37358826 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the likelihood that new coronavirus strains will emerge in the immediate future point out the urgent need to identify new pan-coronavirus inhibitors. Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of plant hormones with multifaceted activities whose roles in plant-related fields have been extensively explored. Recently, we proved that SLs also exert antiviral activity toward herpesviruses, such as human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Here we show that the synthetic SLs TH-EGO and EDOT-EGO impair β-coronavirus replication including SARS-CoV-2 and the common cold human coronavirus HCoV-OC43. Interestingly, in silico simulations suggest the binding of SLs in the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) active site, and this was further confirmed by an in vitro activity assay. Overall, our results highlight the potential efficacy of SLs as broad-spectrum antivirals against β-coronaviruses, which may provide the rationale for repurposing this class of hormones for the treatment of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Biolatti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Blangetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Melissa Baggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Marchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Gioacchini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Greta Bajetto
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Davide Arnodo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Bucci
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Raoul Fioravanti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maedeh Kojouri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Bersani
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia D'Arrigo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Lydia Siragusa
- Molecular Discovery Ltd., Kinetic Business Centre, Elstree, Borehamwood, WD6 4PJ Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
- Molecular Horizon s.r.l., 06084 Bettona (PG), Italy
| | - Simone Ghinato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Marco De Andrea
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Francesca Gugliesi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Camilla Albano
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Selina Pasquero
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Ivan Visentin
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Emilio D'Ugo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Esposito
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Malune
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Prandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Spyrakis
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Magurano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Dell'Oste
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Ambrosio FA, Costa G, Romeo I, Esposito F, Alkhatib M, Salpini R, Svicher V, Corona A, Malune P, Tramontano E, Ceccherini-Silberstein F, Alcaro S, Artese A. Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease: A Successful Story Guided by an In Silico Drug Repurposing Approach. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:3601-3613. [PMID: 37227780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) is a crucial enzyme for viral replication and has been considered an attractive drug target for the treatment of COVID-19. In this study, virtual screening techniques and in vitro assays were combined to identify novel Mpro inhibitors starting from around 8000 FDA-approved drugs. The docking analysis highlighted 17 promising best hits, biologically characterized in terms of their Mpro inhibitory activity. Among them, 7 cephalosporins and the oral anticoagulant betrixaban were able to block the enzyme activity in the micromolar range with no cytotoxic effect at the highest concentration tested. After the evaluation of the degree of conservation of Mpro residues involved in the binding with the studied ligands, the ligands' activity on SARS-CoV-2 replication was assessed. The ability of betrixaban to affect SARS-CoV-2 replication associated to its antithrombotic effect could pave the way for its possible use in the treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Alessandra Ambrosio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giosuè Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Università degli Studi "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Isabella Romeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Università degli Studi "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Esposito
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mohammad Alkhatib
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier, 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Romina Salpini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier, 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Valentina Svicher
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier, 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Angela Corona
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Malune
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Università degli Studi "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Artese
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Università degli Studi "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro, Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Malune P, Piras G, Monne M, Fiamma M, Asproni R, Fancello T, Manai A, Carta F, Pira G, Fancello P, Rosu V, Uras A, Mereu C, Mameli G, Lo Maglio I, Garau MC, Palmas AD. Molecular Characterization of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Isolates From Central Inner Sardinia. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:827799. [PMID: 35095827 PMCID: PMC8795702 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.827799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic stimulated an outstanding global sequencing effort, which allowed to monitor viral circulation and evolution. Nuoro province (Sardinia, Italy), characterized by a relatively isolated geographical location and a low population density, was severely hit and displayed a high incidence of infection. Methods Amplicon approach Next Generation Sequencing and subsequent variant calling in 92 respiratory samples from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients involved in infection clusters from March 2020 to May 2021. Results Phylogenetic analysis displayed a coherent distribution of sequences in terms of lineage and temporal evolution of pandemic. Circulating lineage/clade characterization highlighted a growing diversity over time, with an increasingly growing number of mutations and variability of spike and nucleocapsid proteins, while viral RdRp appeared to be more conserved. A total of 384 different mutations were detected, of which 196 were missense and 147 synonymous ones. Mapping mutations along the viral genome showed an irregular distribution in key genes. S gene was the most mutated gene with missense and synonymous variants frequencies of 58.8 and 23.5%, respectively. Mutation rates were similar for the S and N genes with one mutation every ∼788 nucleotides and every ∼712 nucleotides, respectively. Nsp12 gene appeared to be more conserved, with one mutation every ∼1,270 nucleotides. The frequency of variant Y144F in the spike protein deviated from global values with higher prevalence of this mutation in the island. Conclusion The analysis of the 92 viral genome highlighted evolution over time and identified which mutations are more widespread than others. The high number of sequences also permits the identification of subclusters that are characterized by subtle differences, not only in terms of lineage, which may be used to reconstruct transmission clusters. The disclosure of viral genetic diversity and timely identification of new variants is a useful tool to guide public health intervention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Malune
- UOC Ematologia, P.O. “San Francesco,” Azienda Tutela Salute, ASSL Nuoro, Nuoro, Italy
- UOC Laboratorio Analisi Clinico-Chimiche e Microbiologia, P.O. “San Francesco,” Azienda Tutela Salute, ASSL Nuoro, Nuoro, Italy
| | - Giovanna Piras
- UOC Ematologia, P.O. “San Francesco,” Azienda Tutela Salute, ASSL Nuoro, Nuoro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giovanna Piras,
| | - Maria Monne
- UOC Ematologia, P.O. “San Francesco,” Azienda Tutela Salute, ASSL Nuoro, Nuoro, Italy
| | - Maura Fiamma
- UOC Laboratorio Analisi Clinico-Chimiche e Microbiologia, P.O. “San Francesco,” Azienda Tutela Salute, ASSL Nuoro, Nuoro, Italy
| | - Rosanna Asproni
- UOC Laboratorio Analisi Clinico-Chimiche e Microbiologia, P.O. “San Francesco,” Azienda Tutela Salute, ASSL Nuoro, Nuoro, Italy
| | - Tatiana Fancello
- UOC Cardiologia, P.O. “San Francesco,” Azienda Tutela Salute, ASSL Nuoro, Nuoro, Italy
| | - Antonio Manai
- UOC Ematologia, P.O. “San Francesco,” Azienda Tutela Salute, ASSL Nuoro, Nuoro, Italy
- UOC Laboratorio Analisi Clinico-Chimiche e Microbiologia, P.O. “San Francesco,” Azienda Tutela Salute, ASSL Nuoro, Nuoro, Italy
| | - Franco Carta
- UOC Laboratorio Analisi Clinico-Chimiche e Microbiologia, P.O. “San Francesco,” Azienda Tutela Salute, ASSL Nuoro, Nuoro, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pira
- UOC Laboratorio Analisi Clinico-Chimiche e Microbiologia, P.O. “San Francesco,” Azienda Tutela Salute, ASSL Nuoro, Nuoro, Italy
| | - Patrizia Fancello
- UOC Laboratorio Analisi Clinico-Chimiche e Microbiologia, P.O. “San Francesco,” Azienda Tutela Salute, ASSL Nuoro, Nuoro, Italy
| | - Valentina Rosu
- UOC Laboratorio Analisi Clinico-Chimiche e Microbiologia, P.O. “San Francesco,” Azienda Tutela Salute, ASSL Nuoro, Nuoro, Italy
| | - Antonella Uras
- UOC Ematologia, P.O. “San Francesco,” Azienda Tutela Salute, ASSL Nuoro, Nuoro, Italy
| | - Caterina Mereu
- UOC Ematologia, P.O. “San Francesco,” Azienda Tutela Salute, ASSL Nuoro, Nuoro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mameli
- UOC Laboratorio Analisi Clinico-Chimiche e Microbiologia, P.O. “San Francesco,” Azienda Tutela Salute, ASSL Nuoro, Nuoro, Italy
| | - Iana Lo Maglio
- UOC Laboratorio Analisi Clinico-Chimiche e Microbiologia, P.O. “San Francesco,” Azienda Tutela Salute, ASSL Nuoro, Nuoro, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Garau
- UOC Laboratorio Analisi Clinico-Chimiche e Microbiologia, P.O. “San Francesco,” Azienda Tutela Salute, ASSL Nuoro, Nuoro, Italy
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