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De Angelis S, Medda E, Rotondi D, Masocco M, Minardi V, Contoli B, Possenti V, Sorbo A, D’Amato M, Turco AC, Pastorelli AA, Stacchini P, Cas RD, Bagnasco M, Bonofiglio D, Gasperi M, Meringolo D, Mian C, Moleti M, Vermiglio F, Puxeddu E, Taccaliti A, Tonacchera M, Ulisse S, Dimida A, Rago T, Nazzari E, Schiavo M, Bossert I, Sturniolo G, Corbetta C, Cereda C, Cappelletti L, Camilot M, Teofoli F, Ciatti R, Tarsi E, Perrotti N, Marasco O, Scozzafava G, Righetti F, Andò S, Catalano S, Cristofaro M, Sorrenti G, Censi S, Morelli S, Baldini E, Plutino G, Copparoni R, Alonzo E, Giacomozzi C, Silano M, Olivieri A. Fifteen Years of Iodine Prophylaxis in Italy: Results of a Nationwide Surveillance (Period 2015-2019). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e495-e507. [PMID: 37820735 PMCID: PMC10795908 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT In 2005, a nationwide program of iodine prophylaxis on a voluntary basis was implemented in Italy by law. However, recent data on iodine status are lacking. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate efficiency, effectiveness, and possible adverse effects (increased occurrence of thyroid autoimmunity and hyperthyroidism) of the Italian iodine prophylaxis program. METHODS From 2015 to 2019, a nationwide survey was performed. The use of iodized salt was evaluated in a sample of 164 593 adults and in 998 school canteens. A sample of 4233 schoolchildren (aged 11-13 years) was recruited to assess urinary iodine concentration, prevalence of goiter, and thyroid hypoechogenicity on ultrasound, with the latter being an indirect indicator of thyroid autoimmunity. Neonatal TSH values of 197 677 infants screened in regions representative of Northern, Central, and Southern Italy were analyzed to investigate the percentage of TSH values >5.0 mIU/L. Data on methimazole prescriptions were analyzed as indirect indicators of new cases of hyperthyroidism. RESULTS The prevalence of the use of iodized salt was 71.5% in adult population and 78% in school canteens. A median urinary iodine concentration of 124 μg/L, a prevalence of goiter of 2.2%, and a prevalence of thyroid hypoechogenicity of 5.7% were observed in schoolchildren. The percentage of neonatal TSH values >5.0 mIU/L resulted still higher (5.1%) than the World Health Organization threshold of 3.0%, whereas the prescriptions of methimazole showed a reduction of 13.5%. CONCLUSION Fifteen years of iodine prophylaxis have led to iodine sufficiency in Italy, although there still is concern about iodine nutritional status during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona De Angelis
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Emanuela Medda
- Reference Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Daniela Rotondi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Maria Masocco
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Valentina Minardi
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Benedetta Contoli
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Valentina Possenti
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Angela Sorbo
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Marilena D’Amato
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Anna Chiara Turco
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Alberto Augusto Pastorelli
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Paolo Stacchini
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Roberto Da Cas
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Marcello Bagnasco
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Cosenza 87036, Italy
| | - Maurizio Gasperi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio,” University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Mian
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Mariacarla Moleti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
| | - Francesco Vermiglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
| | - Efisio Puxeddu
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Augusto Taccaliti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Massimo Tonacchera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Surgery, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Antonio Dimida
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Teresa Rago
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Elena Nazzari
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Mara Schiavo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Irene Bossert
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Giacomo Sturniolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
| | - Carlo Corbetta
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, “Vittore Buzzi” Children's Hospital, Milan 20154, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Department of Pediatrics, “Vittore Buzzi” Children's Hospital, Milan 20154, Italy
| | - Laura Cappelletti
- Department of Pediatrics, “Vittore Buzzi” Children's Hospital, Milan 20154, Italy
| | - Marta Camilot
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Francesca Teofoli
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Renzo Ciatti
- Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord, Presidio Ospedaliero Santa Croce, Fano 61032, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tarsi
- Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord, Presidio Ospedaliero Santa Croce, Fano 61032, Italy
| | - Nicola Perrotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Onorina Marasco
- Regional Neonatal Screening Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliera Mater Domini, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Giovanna Scozzafava
- Regional Neonatal Screening Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliera Mater Domini, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Francesca Righetti
- Regional Laboratory for Neonatal Screening and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS University Sant'Orsola Hospital, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Cosenza 87036, Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Cosenza 87036, Italy
- Annunziata Hospital, Cosenza 87100, Italy
| | | | | | - Simona Censi
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Silvia Morelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Enke Baldini
- Department of Surgery, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Plutino
- General Direction of Food Safety and Nutrition, Italian Ministry of Health, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Roberto Copparoni
- General Direction of Food Safety and Nutrition, Italian Ministry of Health, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Elena Alonzo
- Food Hygiene and Nutrition Service–SIAN, Local Health Authority of Catania, Catania 95027, Italy
| | - Claudia Giacomozzi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Marco Silano
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Antonella Olivieri
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome 00161, Italy
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De Angelis S, Rotondi D, Gilardi E, Stacchini P, Pastorelli AA, Sorbo A, D’Amato M, Turco AC, Medda E, Da Cas R, Andò S, Bonofiglio D, Bagnasco M, Gasperi M, Meringolo D, Mian C, Puxeddu E, Regalbuto C, Moleti M, Taccaliti A, Ulisse S, Tonacchera M, Tanda ML, Boi F, Ruggiero V, Mariotti S, Corbetta C, Ciatti R, Tarsi E, Stoppioni V, Perrotti N, Marasco O, Scozzafava G, Camilot M, Teofoli F, Righetti F, Dimida A, Plutino G, Carrano E, Copparoni R, Gabbianelli M, Vitti P, Olivieri A. Aggiornamento sulla nutrizione iodica in Italia: i risultati della seconda sorveglianza dell’Osservatorio per il Monitoraggio della Iodoprofilassi in Italia-OSNAMI (2015-2019). L'Endocrinologo 2022. [PMCID: PMC8790550 DOI: 10.1007/s40619-022-01018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona De Angelis
- Dipartimento di Malattie Cardiovascolari, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Invecchiamento, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italia
| | - Daniela Rotondi
- Dipartimento di Malattie Cardiovascolari, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Invecchiamento, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italia
| | - Enzo Gilardi
- Dipartimento di Malattie Cardiovascolari, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Invecchiamento, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italia
| | - Paolo Stacchini
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria e Sicurezza Alimentare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italia
| | - Augusto Alberto Pastorelli
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria e Sicurezza Alimentare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italia
| | - Angela Sorbo
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria e Sicurezza Alimentare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italia
| | - Marilena D’Amato
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria e Sicurezza Alimentare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italia
| | - Anna Chiara Turco
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria e Sicurezza Alimentare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italia
| | - Emanuela Medda
- Centro di Riferimento per le Scienze Comportamentali e la Salute Mentale, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italia
| | - Roberto Da Cas
- Centro Nazionale Ricerca e Valutazione Preclinica e Clinica dei Farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italia
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Centro Sanitario, Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Cosenza, Italia
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Centro Sanitario, Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Cosenza, Italia
| | - Marcello Bagnasco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università di Genova, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico S. Martino, Genova, Italia
| | - Maurizio Gasperi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze per la Salute, Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italia
| | | | - Caterina Mian
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italia
| | - Efisio Puxeddu
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italia
| | - Concetto Regalbuto
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Clinica e Molecolare, Università di Catania, Catania, Italia
| | - Mariacarla Moleti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italia
| | - Augusto Taccaliti
- Clinica di Endocrinologia e Malattie del Metabolismo, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italia
| | - Salvatore Ulisse
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, Roma, Italia
| | - Massimo Tonacchera
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italia
| | - Maria Laura Tanda
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, ASST-Settelaghi, Varese, Italia
| | - Francesco Boi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italia
| | - Valeria Ruggiero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italia
| | - Stefano Mariotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italia
| | - Carlo Corbetta
- Laboratorio di Riferimento Regionale per lo Screening Neonatale, Ospedale V. Buzzi, Milano, Italia
| | - Renzo Ciatti
- Centro Screening Neonatale Regione Marche, UOC di Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord, Presidio Ospedaliero Santa Croce, Fano, Italia
| | - Elisabetta Tarsi
- Centro Screening Neonatale Regione Marche, UOC di Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord, Presidio Ospedaliero Santa Croce, Fano, Italia
| | - Vera Stoppioni
- Centro Screening Neonatale Regione Marche, UOC di Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord, Presidio Ospedaliero Santa Croce, Fano, Italia
| | - Nicola Perrotti
- Dipartimento Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italia
| | - Onorina Marasco
- Laboratorio Regionale di Screening Neonatale, Azienda Ospedaliera Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italia
| | - Giovanna Scozzafava
- Laboratorio Regionale di Screening Neonatale, Azienda Ospedaliera Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italia
| | - Marta Camilot
- Laboratorio Regionale di Screening Neonatale, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Ospedale Borgo Roma, Verona, Italia
| | - Francesca Teofoli
- Laboratorio Regionale di Screening Neonatale, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Ospedale Borgo Roma, Verona, Italia
| | - Francesca Righetti
- Centro Laboratoristico Regionale di Riferimento per lo Screening Neonatale e Malattie Endocrino-Metaboliche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Sant’Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italia
| | - Antonio Dimida
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italia
| | - Giuseppe Plutino
- Direzione Generale per l’Igiene e la Sicurezza degli Alimenti e la Nutrizione, Ministero della Salute, Roma, Italia
| | - Elena Carrano
- Direzione Generale per l’Igiene e la Sicurezza degli Alimenti e la Nutrizione, Ministero della Salute, Roma, Italia
| | - Roberto Copparoni
- Direzione Generale per l’Igiene e la Sicurezza degli Alimenti e la Nutrizione, Ministero della Salute, Roma, Italia
| | - Marco Gabbianelli
- Dipartimento di Malattie Cardiovascolari, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Invecchiamento, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italia
| | - Paolo Vitti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italia
| | - Antonella Olivieri
- Dipartimento di Malattie Cardiovascolari, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Invecchiamento, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italia
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3
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Menniti-Ippolito F, Ippoliti I, Pastorelli AA, Altieri I, Scalise F, De Santis B, Debegnach F, Brera C, Pacifici R, Pichini S, Pellegrini M, Rotolo MC, Graziano S, Palazzino G, Multari G, Gallo FR, Neri B, Giannetti L, Russo K, Fedrizzi G, Bonan S, Mazzanti G, Moro PA, Salvi E, Firenzuoli F, Valeri A, Moretti U, Traversa G, Silano M, Stacchini P, Boniglia C. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) food supplements and hepatotoxicity: an integrated evaluation approach. Ann Ist Super Sanita 2020; 56:462-469. [PMID: 33346172 DOI: 10.4415/ann_20_04_08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Turmeric is the common name for the rhizome of Curcuma longa L. In the recent years, food supplements containing turmeric have been marketed and widely used by an increasing number of consumers. Spontaneous reports of suspected adverse reactions to food supplements are collected within the Phytovigilance system. METHODS An ad hoc multidisciplinary group investigated the suspected cases of hepatotoxicity reported to the Italian Phytovigilance system associated with the assumption of turmeric food supplements with the methodology specific to pharmacovigilance as well as for the evaluation of the quality and safety of food supplements. RESULTS A cluster of 28 spontaneous reports of acute hepatitis, mostly with cholestasis, associated with turmeric products were sent to the Italian Phytovigilance system in the first six months of 2019. In all cases, except one, the causality assessment was at least possible. The suspected products were collected and analysed for the presence of drugs, heavy metals, aflatoxins, pesticides, synthetic dyes and pyrrolizidine alkaloids. CONCLUSION On the basis of the results of all the activities performed by multidisciplinary group, regulatory intervention was taken. This study highlights the importance of developing an integrated evaluation approach for the evaluation of the adverse effects associated with the use of food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Menniti-Ippolito
- Centro Nazionale per la Ricerca e la Valutazione Preclinica e Clinica dei Farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ippoliti
- Centro Nazionale per la Ricerca e la Valutazione Preclinica e Clinica dei Farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Alberto Pastorelli
- Dipartimento Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Altieri
- Dipartimento Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Scalise
- Dipartimento Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara De Santis
- Dipartimento Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Debegnach
- Dipartimento Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Brera
- Dipartimento Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Pacifici
- Centro Nazionale Dipendenze e Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Pichini
- Centro Nazionale Dipendenze e Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Pellegrini
- Centro Nazionale Dipendenze e Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Graziano
- Centro Nazionale Dipendenze e Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Palazzino
- Centro Nazionale per la Ricerca e la Valutazione Preclinica e Clinica dei Farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Multari
- Centro Nazionale per la Ricerca e la Valutazione Preclinica e Clinica dei Farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Gallo
- Centro Nazionale per la Ricerca e la Valutazione Preclinica e Clinica dei Farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Neri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Giannetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, Rome, Italy
| | - Katia Russo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Fedrizzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e della Emilia-Romagna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Bonan
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e della Emilia-Romagna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriela Mazzanti
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Angela Moro
- Centro Antiveleni di Milano, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Salvi
- Centro Nazionale per la Ricerca e la Valutazione Preclinica e Clinica dei Farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Firenzuoli
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione in Fitoterapia (CERFIT) dell'Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Valeri
- Società Italiana di Omeopatia, Mirandola, Modena, Italy
| | - Ugo Moretti
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica e Sanità Pubblica Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Marco Silano
- Dipartimento Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Stacchini
- Dipartimento Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Boniglia
- Dipartimento Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Dall'Aglio C, Mercati F, Faeti V, Acuti G, Trabalza Marinucci M, De Felice E, Tardella FM, Franciosini MP, Casagrande Proietti P, Catorci D, Stacchini P, Pastorelli A, Scocco P. Immuno- and glyco-histochemistry as a tool to evaluate the oregano supplemented feed effects in pig gut. Eur J Histochem 2020; 64. [PMID: 32214281 PMCID: PMC7058963 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2020.3110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Among oregano properties, its antioxidant and antibacterial effects are particularly interesting. Oregano is also able to induce a higher glycoconjugate production in gut, creating a physical barrier against microorganisms. This study evaluated the effects of adding an aqueous extract of oregano (OAE) to the diet of two homogenous groups of pigs during the finisher phase. The diets were as follows: control commercial diet (CTR group) and CTR diet supplemented (2 g/kg) with OAE (O group). Samples of ileum and caecum from the two groups were examined by conventional histochemistry to analyze complex carbohydrates and by immunohistochemistry to detect Bcl-2 Associate X protein (BAX), an indicator of oxidative stress. Glyco-histochemistry showed significant differences between the two groups. Immunohistochemistry revealed a lower presence of BAX in O group. The OAE supplementation improved the production of glycoconjugates, able to enhance in pig the protection of intestinal mucosa by means of direct and indirect defense actions. The reduced BAX immunostaining observed in O group may be an indicator of enhanced antioxidant action promoted by oregano. The results of this study can be used in further research to identify ways to improve endogenous defence ability, with the aim of reducing antibiotic use and preventing antimicrobial resistance.
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Giammarioli S, Pastorelli A, Boniglia C, Stacchini P, Silano M. Unintended allergens in prepacked foods with and without precautionary allergen labelling: preliminary data relative to some recalled food types. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2018.1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Giammarioli
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - A. Pastorelli
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - C. Boniglia
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - P. Stacchini
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - M. Silano
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Civitareale C, Mestria S, Gallo P, Giannetti L, Neri B, Stacchini P, Fiori M. Multi-drug ultraperformance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method to quantify antimicrobials in feeding stuffs at carry-over level. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2018; 32:1831-1842. [PMID: 29943476 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Carry-over is an undesirable contamination from medicated to non-medicated during the production of feedingstuffs. In 2014 the European Parliament and the Council started working to produce a new regulatory act that will fix tolerable levels of drugs by carry-over in non-target feed to have a harmonized practice to evaluate this contamination by veterinary drugs. METHODS We developed a rapid and effective multi-analyte method coupling ultraperformance liquid chromatography to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS) for the detection of 37 drugs belonging to different classes of antimicrobials (sulfonamides, tetracyclines, macrolides, quinolones, pleuromutilins and streptogramins) in feeds at carry-over levels. The method was in-house validated in the concentration range 0.25-2.0 mg kg-1 , according to the Regulation (UE) 2017/625 requirements and the guideline included in the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC for official methods. RESULTS The UPLC/MS/MS method allows the determination of the antimicrobials in 15 min, by providing results compliant to the criteria established by the European Commission legislation. All the analytes showed a limit of detection (LOD) in the range 2.0-5.0 μg kg-1 and a limit of quantification (LOQ) at 10.0 μg kg-1 ; oxytetracycline, doxycycline, spiramycin and virginiamycin have a higher LOD and LOQ (15.0 μg kg-1 ; 30.0 μg kg-1 , respectively). Recoveries were satisfactory ranging from 90.4% to 103.1%. CONCLUSIONS The method is characterized by an effective clean-up of all drugs without the use of large sample size and organic solvent extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Civitareale
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Mestria
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Gallo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute 2, 80055, Portici (Na), Italy
| | - Luigi Giannetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Regioni Lazio e Toscana, Via Appia Nuova, 1411, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Neri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Regioni Lazio e Toscana, Via Appia Nuova, 1411, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Stacchini
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fiori
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Pastorelli AA, Angeletti R, Binato G, Mariani MB, Cibin V, Morelli S, Ciardullo S, Stacchini P. Exposure to cadmium through Italian rice ( Oryza sativa L.): Consumption and implications for human health. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Beghè D, Dall’Asta L, Garavelli C, Pastorelli AA, Muscarella M, Saccani G, Aiello M, Crisafulli E, Corradi M, Stacchini P, Chetta A, Bertorelli G. Sarcoidosis in an Italian province. Prevalence and environmental risk factors. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176859. [PMID: 28475583 PMCID: PMC5419555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous inflammatory disease whose causes are still unknown and for which epidemiological data are often discordant. The aim of our study is to investigate prevalence and spatial distribution of cases, and identify environmental exposures associated with sarcoidosis in an Italian province. METHODS After georeferentiation of cases, the area under study was subdivided with respect to Municipality and Health Districts and to the altitude in order to identify zonal differences in prevalence. The bioaccumulation levels of 12 metals in lichen tissues were analyzed, in order to determine sources of air pollution. Finally, the analysis of the correlation between metals and between pickup stations was performed. RESULTS 223 patients were identified (58.3% female and 41.7% male of total) and the mean age was 50.6±15.4 years (53.5±15.5 years for the females and 46.5±14.4 for the males). The mean prevalence was 49 per 100.000 individuals. However, we observed very heterogeneous prevalence in the area under study. The correlations among metals revealed different deposition patterns in lowland area respect to hilly and mountain areas. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights a high prevalence of sarcoidosis cases, characterized by a very inhomogeneous and patchy distribution with phenomena of local aggregation. Moreover, the bioaccumulation analysis was an effective method to identify the mineral particles that mostly contribute to air pollution in the different areas, but it was not sufficient to establish a clear correlation between the onset of sarcoidosis and environmental risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Beghè
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Dall’Asta
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Polytechnic University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Collegio Carlo Alberto, Moncalieri, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Garavelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Occupational Medicine Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Augusto Alberto Pastorelli
- National Reference Laboratory for Heavy Metals in Food, Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marilena Muscarella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gloria Saccani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marina Aiello
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ernesto Crisafulli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Massimo Corradi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Occupational Medicine Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Stacchini
- National Reference Laboratory for Heavy Metals in Food, Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Chetta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Bertorelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Abstract
Italy is dealing with iodine deficiency since ancient times. In 1848 an ad hoc committee appointed by the king of Sardinia, identified extensive areas afflicted by endemic goiter and endemic cretinism in Piedmont, Liguria and Sardinia. Since then many epidemiological studies have been conducted in our country. These showed that iodine deficiency was present not only in mountain areas but also in coastal areas. In 1972 the iodization of salt at 15 mg/kg was allowed by law and iodized salt was distributed on request to selected endemic areas. Five years later the distribution was extended to the whole country. However the sale of iodized salt was not mandatory at that time and only a small fraction of the Italian population started using iodized salt. In 1991 the content of iodine in the salt was raised to 30 mg/kg and in 2005 a nationwide salt iodization program was finally implemented. Some years later a nationwide monitoring program of iodine prophylaxis was also implemented. Since 2005 the sale of iodized salt in Italian supermarkets has increased (34% in 2006, 55% in 2012), although it has been observed that the use of iodized salt is still low in the communal eating areas and in the food industry. These data are coherent with recent epidemiological studies showing that some regions in our country are still characterized by mild iodine deficiency and a high frequency of goiter and other iodine deficiency disorders. This implies that further efforts should be made to successfully correct iodine deficiency in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Olivieri
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy -
| | - Caterina DI Cosmo
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona DE Angelis
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto DA Cas
- Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Stacchini
- Chemical Safety in Food Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Pastorelli
- Chemical Safety in Food Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Vitti
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Altieri I, Semeraro A, Scalise F, Calderari I, Stacchini P. European official control of food: Determination of histamine in fish products by a HPLC–UV-DAD method. Food Chem 2016; 211:694-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Zaza S, de Balogh K, Palmery M, Pastorelli AA, Stacchini P. Human exposure in Italy to lead, cadmium and mercury through fish and seafood product consumption from Eastern Central Atlantic Fishing Area. J Food Compost Anal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Mauro D, Ciardullo S, Civitareale C, Fiori M, Pastorelli A, Stacchini P, Palleschi G. Development and validation of a multi-residue method for determination of 18 β-agonists in bovine urine by UPLC–MS/MS. Microchem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Angeletti R, Binato G, Guidotti M, Morelli S, Pastorelli AA, Sagratella E, Ciardullo S, Stacchini P. Cadmium bioaccumulation in Mediterranean spider crab (Maya squinado): human consumption and health implications for exposure in Italian population. Chemosphere 2014; 100:83-88. [PMID: 24411836 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cd bioaccumulation pattern was investigated in Mediterranean spider crab (Maya squinado, Herbst, 1788) collected from the northern Adriatic Sea. Specimens were caught in the framework of a monitoring plan in order to quantify the Cd distribution into different organs and tissues of crab. For this purpose, Cd level was studied in appendages, cephalothorax, abdomen as well as gonads. Cd concentrations were found largely below the Maximum Level (ML) established at the European Union (EU) level for muscle from crab appendages (found mean 0.011 mg kg(-1)) and approximately amounted to 2% of the EU ML (0.50 mg kg(-1)). The higher Cd concentrations were found in organs and tissues included in crab body such as abdomen, chephalotorax and gonads with respect to appendages. Chephalotorax showed the highest metal concentration (mean value of 1.19 mg kg(-1)). The possible differences in Cd bioaccumulation rate among crab organs and tissues were also investigated applying a parametric linear regression. A major Cd bioaccumulation rate was revealed in chephalotorax with respect to other analyzed organs and tissues. Furthermore, the evaluation of health risk related to human consumption of the Mediterranean spider crab has been studied for median of total population, median and 95th percentile of consumers of Italy. The observed results highlighted that the consumption of organs and tissues included in crab body such as abdomen, gonads and, in particular, chephalotorax substantially increased the Cd intake reaching also alarming Estimated Weekly Intake (EWI) values especially for median and 95th percentile of Italian consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Angeletti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Binato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Guidotti
- National Reference Laboratory for Heavy Metals in Food, Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Morelli
- National Reference Laboratory for Heavy Metals in Food, Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Alberto Pastorelli
- National Reference Laboratory for Heavy Metals in Food, Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Sagratella
- National Reference Laboratory for Heavy Metals in Food, Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Ciardullo
- National Reference Laboratory for Heavy Metals in Food, Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Stacchini
- National Reference Laboratory for Heavy Metals in Food, Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Muscarella M, Lo Magro S, Campaniello M, Armentano A, Stacchini P. Survey of histamine levels in fresh fish and fish products collected in Puglia (Italy) by ELISA and HPLC with fluorimetric detection. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Pastorelli AA, Baldini M, Stacchini P, Baldini G, Morelli S, Sagratella E, Zaza S, Ciardullo S. Human exposure to lead, cadmium and mercury through fish and seafood product consumption in Italy: a pilot evaluation. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2012; 29:1913-21. [PMID: 22963454 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2012.719644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The presence of selected toxic heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg), was investigated in fish and seafood products, namely, blue mussel, carpet shell clam, European squid, veined squid, deep-water rose shrimp, red mullet, European seabass, gilthead seabream, Atlantic cod, European hake, Atlantic bluefin tuna and swordfish so as to assess their human exposure through diet. Metals were detected by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS) and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (Hg-AAS). Measurements of Cd, Pb and Hg were performed by means of analytical methods validated in compliance with UNI CEI EN ISO/IEC 17025 [2005. General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. Milano (Italy): UNI Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione]. The exposure assessment was undertaken matching the levels of Cd, Pb and total Hg with consumption data related to fish and seafood products selected for this purpose. In order to establish human health implications, the estimated weekly intakes (EWIs) for Cd, Pb and Hg were compared with the standard tolerable weekly intakes (TWI) for Cd and provisional tolerable weekly intakes (PTWIs) for Pb and Hg stipulated by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). The found metal concentrations were largely below the maximum levels (MLs) established at the European Union level with the exception of Cd. This metal exceeded the MLs in squid, red mullet, European hake and Atlantic cod. Squid and blue mussel showed the highest Pb concentrations which accounted for 60% and 10% of the MLs, respectively. Highest Hg levels were found in predatory fish. The concentrations of Hg in swordfish, Atlantic bluefin tuna and red mullet accounted for 50%, 30% and 30% of the MLs, respectively. The EWIs for Cd, Pb and Hg related to the consumption of fish and seafood products by the median of the Italian total population accounted for 20%, 1.5% and 10% of the standard TWI for Cd as well as PTWIs for Pb and Hg, respectively. Furthermore, the EWIs estimated using consumption data concerning Italian consumers did not exceed the standard TWI and PTWIs, except for Cd at 95th percentile.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Pastorelli
- National Reference Laboratory for Heavy Metals in Food, Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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16
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Toti L, Stacchini P, Masella R, Barbini DA, Busani L, Colucci A, Fiore A, Gattuso A, Macri A. The role of Italy's National Focal Point. J Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Gallo P, Fabbrocino S, Serpe L, Fiori M, Civitareale C, Stacchini P. Determination of the banned growth promoter moenomycin A in feed stuffs by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2010; 24:1017-1024. [PMID: 20213675 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Flavomycin complex is an antibiotic banned in the European Union as an additive in feed stuffs. As a consequence, the monitoring programmes for official control within the Community require analysis of feeds for possible illegal use of flavomycin. A method for unambiguous identification and quantification of moenomycin A, the main pharmacologically active component of flamomycin complex, in several feeds by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) is herein described for the first time. The method was developed to be used as a confirmative analytical tool for the network of Italian official control laboratories; both the singly and doubly charged molecular ions were observed as precursor ions, from which four product ions were selected for both quantitative analysis and unambiguous identification of moenomycin A. The method was in-house validated for feeds in the concentration range 0.50-30.0 microg/g, according to the Regulation 882/2004/EC requirements. Mean recoveries ranging between 83.9-94.2% and relative standard deviations <23% account for method trueness and repeatability, respectively. Moreover, other analytical performance parameters, i.e. method specificity, ruggedness, the linearity of detector response, the limit of quantification (LOQ), the limit of detection (LOD), and measurement uncertainty were evaluated and reported. The ion trap LC/ESI-MS/MS method is highly selective and reliable; high drug recovery, good reproducibility and an LOQ down to 0.10 microg/g guarantee its applicability for confirmatory purposes in the official control activity in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Gallo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute, 2, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
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18
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Cubadda F, Baldini M, Carcea M, Pasqui LA, Raggi A, Stacchini P. Influence of laboratory homogenization procedures on trace element content of food samples: an ICP-MS study on soft and durum wheat. Food Addit Contam 2001; 18:778-87. [PMID: 11552745 DOI: 10.1080/02652030120630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sample contamination as a consequence of abrasion of grinding tools during the homogenization of food materials to be analysed for trace elements was addressed. The possible release of 15 trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sn, V, Zn) from six different grinding and milling devices, operating either continuously or discontinuously, was evaluated. All the devices were commercially available and were representative of models usually employed in food and agricultural laboratories. Wheat grains belonging to one soft and one durum cultivar were used as test material. The determination of the analyte concentrations in subsamples submitted to the different preparation treatments was performed by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS). Accordingly, a suitable digestion method was developed and the ArC+ interference affecting Cr determination was evaluated and corrected. Statistical differences with respect to the control were detected for 10 elements (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb) and in most cases contamination of the samples was traced back to the composition of the grinding equipment. None of the investigated devices was contamination-free with respect to all of the quantified elements. Abrasion of the grinding tools was higher with durum wheat than with soft wheat as a consequence of their different hardiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cubadda
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Laboratorio Alimenti, Rome, Italy.
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19
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Leclercq C, Molinaro MG, Piccinelli R, Baldini M, Arcella D, Stacchini P. Dietary intake exposure to sulphites in Italy--analytical determination of sulphite-containing foods and their combination into standard meals for adults and children. Food Addit Contam 2000; 17:979-89. [PMID: 11271844 DOI: 10.1080/02652030010014402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The theoretical risk of exceeding the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for sulphites has mostly been examined on the basis of a worst-case scenario. In order to examine the real situation the determination of residue sulphite levels in ready-to-consume foods is required. The aim of this paper is to assess the actual sulphite content of diets obtained from a combination of realistic meals high in sulphite-containing foods. Food products available in Italy containing added sulphites were identified. Overall, 211 samples of foods and beverages (including 85 samples of wine) were collected. The determination of sulphite residues was carried out on the foods which were prepared according to normal domestic practice. It was shown that the diets obtained from these foods would lead to an intake of 23 mg/day in children and 50 mg/day in adults (both slightly above the ADI for respectively a 30 kg child and a 60 kg adult). Among all sulphite-containing foods, the highest contributors to the intake were dried fruit and wine, both ingested without further treatment. The analysis of specific consumption data confirmed the existence of a risk of exceeding the ADI related to sulphite residue levels in wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Leclercq
- National Institute for Food and Nutrition Research, Rome, Italy
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20
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Baldini M, Stacchini P, Cubadda F, Miniero R, Parodi P, Facelli P. Cadmium in organs and tissues of horses slaughtered in Italy. Food Addit Contam 2000; 17:679-87. [PMID: 11027029 DOI: 10.1080/02652030050083204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The cadmium content of muscle, liver, kidney and blood samples from 62 horses slaughtered in Italy was investigated. Cadmium was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) after wet digestion of the samples. The mean and median contents of all samples were (on a fresh weight basis) 75 and 41 micrograms kg-1 for muscle, 2.46 and 2.10 mg kg-1 for liver, 20.0 and 13.5 mg kg-1 for kidney. The cadmium level in blood samples was always below 6 micrograms l-1. The cadmium concentrations in muscle, liver and kidney were found to be related to the life span of the specimens and increased with age. Females exhibited higher levels than males, but this difference was significant only in the case of muscle tissue. The geographical origin was recognized as the main factor influencing the cadmium content of the equine specimens analysed. The differences between horses coming from the three main breeding countries considered in this study (Poland, Lithuania, Hungary) were marked and statistically significant. The average intake of cadmium from equine meat was estimated for the general population and for population groups resident in areas with high consumption of this food item. While the cadmium intake from equine meat for the average consumer accounts for about 1% of the total cadmium intake estimated for Italy, in the latter case the enhanced consumption of equine muscle is often accompanied with the consumption of substantial quantities of equine liver and this may lead to high cadmium intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baldini
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Laboratorio Alimenti, Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
Methyleugenol (ME) is a natural constituent of the essential oils of a number of plants widely used in foodstuffs as flavouring agents. Its occurrence, routes of intake, and available information on toxicity, kinetics and metabolism are reviewed. In view of the carcinogenic potential of ME, the need to check its presence in food products with effective analytical methods is pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Vincenzi
- Department of Metabolism and Pathological Biochemistry, ISS, Rome, Italy. mbpsegr@
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22
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Guadagnino E, Gambaro M, Gramiccioni L, Denaro M, Feliciani R, Baldini M, Stacchini P, Giovannangeli S, Carelli G, Castellino N, Vinci F. Estimation of lead intake from crystalware under conditions of consumer use. Food Addit Contam 2000; 17:205-18. [PMID: 10827902 DOI: 10.1080/026520300283469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to estimate the lead intake from crystalware resulting from short-term contacts with beverages, under conditions that are likely to occur to a consumer. The extraction ability of different kinds of beverages was estimated by comparison with 4% acetic acid under conditions of continuous contact for 3 h. It was found that lead release increased in the following order: cola drink > HAc > whisky > white wine. Under conditions of repeated use under different scenarios, lead release showed a steep decrease with increasing number of contacts, for both wine and cola drink. The maximum lead intake resulted from the cola drink, corresponding to an ingestion of 14.5 micrograms Pb for consumption of 350 ml beverage. Assuming a fixed contribution from the diet of 71 micrograms/day, in the six scenarios taken into consideration, total daily lead intake levels ranged from a minimum of about 76 micrograms up to a maximum of 86 micrograms lead. As these values, converted on a weekly basis, would correspond to 35% and 40% PTWI respectively, significant health risks resulting from the ingestion of beverages in contact with crystalware can be excluded. Finally it was found that the use of a dishwater did not affect significantly the release of lead into wine, while release into cola drink was slightly but significantly increased after the third cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Guadagnino
- Stazione Sperimentale del Vetro, Murano-Venezia, Italy
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Ristori G, Laurenti F, Stacchini P, Gasperini C, Buttinelli C, Pozzilli C, Salvetti M. Serum amyloid A protein is elevated in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 1998; 88:9-12. [PMID: 9688318 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(98)00037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), the signs of inflammation that can be detected in the central nervous system are not mirrored by unequivocal markers of activation of the immune system in the periphery. We performed a serial monitoring of serum amyloid A protein (SAA), a major acute phase reactant, in peripheral blood of patients with relapsing-remitting MS over a 3-month period. Patients were monitored in parallel with gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (Gd-MRI) of the brain. The results show that signs of ongoing peripheral inflammation, reflected by elevations of SAA levels, can be detected in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ristori
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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24
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Guandalini E, Ioppolo A, Mantovani A, Stacchini P, Giovannini C. 4-Hexylresorcinol as inhibitor of shrimp melanosis: efficacy and residues studies; evaluation of possible toxic effect in a human intestinal in vitro model (Caco-2); preliminary safety assessment. Food Addit Contam 1998; 15:171-80. [PMID: 9602923 DOI: 10.1080/02652039809374627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies were performed on the efficacy, residues and in vitro enterocyte toxicity of 4-hexylresorcinol (4-HR), which could be utilized as an inhibitor of shrimp melanosis (black spot). Mediterranean sea shrimp (Parapaeneus longirostris) were treated with solutions of 4-HR in sea-water, at three different concentrations, 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg of shrimp, to test its antioxidative property. As a comparison a group of shrimp was treated with sodium metabisulphite (1 g/kg), while another group was left untreated. 4-HR showed a marked ability to inhibit or slow down melanosis (black spot) in shrimp; the most effective concentration was 100 mg/kg within an optimum period of 7 days but with effects up to the tenth day. During the first 5 days, 4-HR residues in the edible part of the shrimp showed a fast decrease in all three groups, going from initial average values of 20 mg/kg at 0 time, to 0.9 in the group treated at 25 mg/kg; from 42 to 1.8 mg/kg in the group at 50 mg/kg and from 85 to 1.9 mg/kg in the group at 100 mg/kg. In vitro studies on enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells did not indicate any cytotoxic effect up to a concentration of 50 micrograms/ml. Moreover, no inhibition of protein synthesis was observed, which lends further support to the absence of significant damage to the intestinal mucosa induced by 4-HR. The available database on 4-HR pharmacology and toxicology is inadequate to determine even a provisional ADI. There is negative evidence of carcinogenesis and no significant untoward effects were observed in humans when it was used as an anthelmintic. However, it is not possible to determine a NOEL for non-genotoxic effects. 4-HR could become an interesting alternative to the use of sulphites to prevent black spot. However, a more complete database is needed to achieve a regulatory evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Guandalini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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25
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Coni E, Baldini M, Stacchini P, Zanasi F. Cadmium intake with diet in Italy: a pilot study. J Trace Elem Electrolytes Health Dis 1992; 6:175-81. [PMID: 1483036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Data on Cd sources in food are presented and the effects are discussed of the raised environmental level of Cd concentration in some foods. Information is also presented on normal dietary intakes of this element and how these intakes may be increased by environmental pollution or atypical dietary habits. With reference to the exposure risk, the FAO/WHO has established for adults a Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) limit of 7 micrograms/kg B.W.. Therefore the evaluation of dietary Cd intake has become very important. The purpose of this work is the estimation of dietary intakes of Cd using data on the composition of an average Italian diet. Complete meals from a factory canteen were analyzed and calculations of weekly intake of Cd carried out. Mean dietary intake was 222 micrograms per week (range 137-326 micrograms per week) or 32 micrograms per day (range 19-46 micrograms per day), with the median intake being 198 micrograms per week or 28 micrograms per day. Analyses were performed by means of Zeeman Electrothermal Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (ETA-AAS). The results obtained, related to the average and representative food consumption of Italian people, show that the weekly intake is well within the PTWI, but the emission of Cd into the environment is continuing and attention must be paid to population groups at risk due to particular food habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Coni
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
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26
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De Vincenzi M, Badellino E, Di Folco S, Dracos A, Magliola M, Stacchini A, Stacchini P, Silano V. A basis for estimation of consumption: literature values for selected food volatiles. Part III. Food Addit Contam 1989; 6:235-67. [PMID: 2647533 DOI: 10.1080/02652038909373779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative data on volatile compounds have been reported in 16 food items. No publications reporting quantitative data were found for two of these 16 food products, i.e. avocado and jackfruit. About 550 volatile compounds have been assayed globally in the other 14 food products. Mango and raspberry were the products with the greatest number of volatile compounds; the most representative substances were benzaldehyde, ethyl acetate, limonene, and 2-phenylethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Vincenzi
- Department of Comparative Toxicology and Ecotoxicology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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27
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De Vincenzi M, Castriotta F, Di Folco S, Dracos A, Magliola M, Mattei R, Purificato I, Stacchini A, Stacchini P, Silano V. A basis for estimation of consumption: literature values for selected food volatiles. Part II. Food Addit Contam 1987; 4:161-218. [PMID: 3595923 DOI: 10.1080/02652038709373627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we present a compilation of quantitative literature data on volatile compounds in 15 food items including some brandies, meats, oils as well as vegetables, vinegar and potatoes. Levels of the volatile compounds identified (approximately 900) in this group of food items are generally in the ppm range. Carboxylic acids were present in much higher levels in plum brandy, vinegar, lamb and mutton (heated), whereas alcohols, esters and carbonyls aldehydes are particularly abundant in brandy.
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28
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De Vincenzi M, Castriotta F, De Ponte R, Dracos A, Magliola M, Mattei R, Stacchini A, Stacchini P, Silano V. A basis for estimation of consumption: literature values for selected food volatiles. Part I. Food Addit Contam 1986; 3:185-224. [PMID: 3527771 DOI: 10.1080/02652038609373583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper is a compilation of quantitative data available on volatile compounds reported so far in 18 food items including some legume, cereals, grapes and cheeses as well as crab, lobster, cocoa and chocolate. No publications reporting quantitative data were found for five of these 18 food products, i.e. sultana grape, broad beans, cassava, oat and rye. About 440 volatile compounds have been assayed globally in the other 13 food products and more than 50% of them were found in grape or in grape juice. Levels of these volatile compounds in the selected foods were generally in the ppb range and less often in the low ppm range. Very high levels were found for some carboxylic acids in cheeses and cocoa and for some alcohols and acids as well as for ethyl acetate in grape juice.
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