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Sara M, Yasir M, Kalaiselvan P, Hui A, Kuppusamy R, Kumar N, Chakraborty S, Yu TT, Wong EHH, Molchanova N, Jenssen H, Lin JS, Barron AE, Willcox M. The activity of antimicrobial peptoids against multidrug-resistant ocular pathogens. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2024; 47:102124. [PMID: 38341309 PMCID: PMC11024869 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2024.102124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ocular infections caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens can result in partial or complete vision loss. The development of pan-resistant microbial strains poses a significant challenge for clinicians as there are limited antimicrobial options available. Synthetic peptoids, which are sequence-specific oligo-N-substituted glycines, offer potential as alternative antimicrobial agents to target multidrug-resistant bacteria. METHODS The antimicrobial activity of synthesised peptoids against multidrug-resistant (MDR) ocular pathogens was evaluated using the microbroth dilution method. Hemolytic propensity was assessed using mammalian erythrocytes. Peptoids were also incubated with proteolytic enzymes, after which their minimum inhibitory activity against bacteria was re-evaluated. RESULTS Several alkylated and brominated peptoids showed good inhibitory activity against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains at concentrations of ≤15 μg mL-1 (≤12 µM). Similarly, most brominated compounds inhibited the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at 1.9 to 15 μg mL-1 (12 µM). The N-terminally alkylated peptoids caused less toxicity to erythrocytes. The peptoid denoted as TM5 had a high therapeutic index, being non-toxic to either erythrocytes or corneal epithelial cells, even at 15 to 22 times its MIC. Additionally, the peptoids were resistant to protease activity. CONCLUSIONS Peptoids studied here demonstrated potent activity against various multidrug-resistant ocular pathogens. Their properties make them promising candidates for controlling vision-related morbidity associated with eye infections by antibiotic-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjulatha Sara
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Australia.
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Alex Hui
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Australia; Centre for Ocular Research and Education, University of Waterloo, Canada
| | - Rajesh Kuppusamy
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Australia; School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Tsz Tin Yu
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Natalia Molchanova
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 4720, USA
| | - Håvard Jenssen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jennifer S Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Medicine & School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 9430, USA
| | - Annelise E Barron
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Medicine & School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 9430, USA
| | - Mark Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Australia.
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Maulvi FA, Desai DT, Kalaiselvan P, Dumpati S, Kuppusamy R, Masoudi S, Shah DO, Willcox MDP. Lipid-based eye drop formulations for the management of evaporative dry eyes. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2024:102154. [PMID: 38523013 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2024.102154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Dry eye disease is a progressive prevalent ocular surface disorder that arises from various factors and is characterized by insufficient quality and/or quantity of tears. The underlying pathophysiology is intricate and can progress to chronic, difficult-to-treat conditions. Multiple strategies and therapeutic approaches are utilized in its management that target one or more etiopathological components of dry eyes, which may include aqueous tear deficiency or evaporative dry eyes. The primary focus of this paper is on treatment alternatives that utilize lipids for the treatment of evaporative dry eyes. This may arise from either abnormal lipid production or inadequate lipid spreading caused by meibomian gland dysfunction. The hypothesis behind the development of these lipid-containing eye drops is that if they can imitate the lipid layer, they may be able to help in the management of the signs and symptoms of evaporative dry eyes. The lipids used in commercial formulations for dry eyes are mineral oil, castor oil, phospholipids, omega-3 fatty acid, and medium-chain triglycerides. The literature suggests the potential of lipid-containing eye drops to alleviate some of the signs and symptoms and enhance the quality of life for individuals suffering from evaporative dry eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furqan A Maulvi
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia; Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat 394350, India.
| | - Ditixa T Desai
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat 394350, India
| | - Parthasarathi Kalaiselvan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Srikanth Dumpati
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Rajesh Kuppusamy
- Faculty of Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Simin Masoudi
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Dinesh O Shah
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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Kalaiselvan P, Dutta D, Konda NV, Sharma S, Kumar N, Stapleton F, Willcox MDP. Effect of Deposition and Protease Digestion on the Ex Vivo Activity of Antimicrobial Peptide-Coated Contact Lenses. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:349. [PMID: 36678102 PMCID: PMC9863661 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A clinical study of antimicrobial contact lenses containing the cationic peptide Mel4 was conducted. The few adverse events that occurred with this lens occurred on or after 13 nights of wear. The current study examined whether the Mel4 contact lenses lost activity during wear and the mechanism of this loss. Participants wore contact lenses for up to 13 nights. Lenses were tested for their ability to reduce the adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The amount of protein and lipid extracted from lenses was measured. The ability of trypsin to affect the antimicrobial activity of Mel4-coated contact lenses was measured. Mel4-coated contact lenses lost their antimicrobial activity at six nights of wear for both bacteria. The amount of lipids (13 ± 11 vs. 21 ± 14 μg/lens at 13 nights wear) and proteins (8 ± 4 vs. 10 ± 3 mg/lens at 13 nights of wear) extracted from lenses was not different between Mel4-coated and uncoated lenses, and was not different after three nights when antimicrobial activity was maintained and thirteen nights when they had lost activity (lipid: 25 ± 17 vs. 13 ± 11, p = 0.2; protein: 8 ± 1 vs. 8 ± 4 mg/lens, p = 0.4). Trypsin digestion eliminated the antimicrobial activity of Mel4-coated lenses. In summary, Mel4-coated contact lenses lost antibacterial activity at six nights of wear, and the most likely reason was proteolytic digestion of the peptide. Future studies will design and test proteolytically stable peptide mimics as coatings for contact lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debarun Dutta
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Nagaraju V. Konda
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Savitri Sharma
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, Telangana, India
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Fiona Stapleton
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mark D. P. Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Kalaiselvan P, Yasir M, Vijay AK, Willcox MD, Tummanapalli S. Longevity of hand sanitisers on fingers. Clin Exp Optom 2022; 106:436-442. [PMID: 35263547 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2022.2040334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Hand hygiene is important to reduce the spread of microbes in clinical settings. Hand sanitisers that last longer may be beneficial. BACKGROUND Longevity of hand sanitisation products on fingers and hands may be important to help reduce microbial transmission. The current study evaluated the persistence of disinfection of three hand sanitisers. METHODS Initially the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the hand sanitisers were determined using strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus. Then a cross-over study with participants randomly assigned to use three different hand sanitisers for 30 seconds was undertaken. The number of bacteria and fungi on fingers was assessed 10 and 20 minutes and 4 hours after use. The type of microbial inhibition of the capric acid sanitiser was studied by examining the effects of adding Tween 80 and lecithin to microbial agar. RESULTS The minimum inhibitory concentration of an alcohol-based sanitiser (AS) was 10%, for the capric acid-based (CS) sanitiser was 70%, and for the quaternary ammonium-based (QS) sanitiser was < 10%. AS significantly reduced the number of microbes on fingers 10 minutes after hand washing (18.2 cfu/mL) compared to CS (59.7 cfu/mL; p < 0.0001) or QS (64.5 cfu/mL; p < 0.0001). Twenty minutes after use, microbes on fingers after AS (23 cfu/mL) or CS (16.7 cfu/mL) were significantly reduced compared to QS (72.2 cfu/mL; p < 0.0001) and the numbers on fingers after CS was significantly less than after AS (p = 0.002). Four hours after use of any hand sanitiser, the number of microbes increased to near baseline levels. The reduction in bacterial numbers was not affected by the use of neutralisers in agar (48 ± 28% reduction with, 47 ± 49% reduction without; p = 0.876). CONCLUSIONS Hand sanitisers containing capric acid or alcohol out-performed one containing quaternary ammonium in the clinical trial and may help reduce the spread of microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathi Kalaiselvan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ajay Kumar Vijay
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Dp Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shyam Tummanapalli
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Kalaiselvan P, Dutta D, Konda N, Vaddavalli PK, Sharma S, Stapleton F, Willcox MDP. Biocompatibility and Comfort during Extended Wear of Mel4 Peptide-Coated Antimicrobial Contact Lenses. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11010058. [PMID: 35052935 PMCID: PMC8772808 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Mel4 antimicrobial contact lenses (MACL) on the ocular surface and comfort during extended wear. (2) Methods: A prospective, randomised, double-masked, contralateral clinical trial was conducted with 176 subjects to evaluate the biocompatibility of contralateral wear of MACL. The wearing modality was 14-day extended lens wear for three months. The participants were assessed at lens dispensing, after one night, two weeks, one month and three months of extended wear and one month after study completion. (3) Results: There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in ocular redness or palpebral roughness between Mel4 and control eyes at any of the study visits. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in corneal staining between Mel4 and control eyes. There were no significant differences in front surface wettability or deposits or back surface debris (p > 0.05). No statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in comfort, dryness, CLDEQ-8 scores lens or edge awareness. There was no evidence for delayed reactions on the ocular surface after cessation of lens wear. (4) Conclusion: The novel MACLs showed similar comfort to control lenses and were biocompatible during extended wear. Thus, these lenses were compatible with the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathi Kalaiselvan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2041, Australia; (D.D.); (F.S.); (M.D.P.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Debarun Dutta
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2041, Australia; (D.D.); (F.S.); (M.D.P.W.)
- School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Nagaraju Konda
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India;
| | - Pravin Krishna Vaddavalli
- Bausch & Lomb Contact Lens Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500 034, India;
- The Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500 034, India
| | - Savitri Sharma
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500 034, India;
| | - Fiona Stapleton
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2041, Australia; (D.D.); (F.S.); (M.D.P.W.)
| | - Mark D. P. Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2041, Australia; (D.D.); (F.S.); (M.D.P.W.)
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Kalaiselvan P, Tummanapalli SS, Kumar Vijay A, Bahl P, MacIntyre CR, Willcox MDP. The ability of face masks to reduce transmission of microbes. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 105:214-221. [PMID: 34592124 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1971050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Optometrists have been advised to wear face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined whether face masks were equally protective against transmission of microbes. BACKGROUND The aim of the current study was to examine the ability of face masks to reduce transmission of microbes in aerosols and during speech. METHODS Different face masks, surgical, medical 3-ply and cloth masks with different layers were used. The masks were tested under the ASTM standard F2101-1 to measure their ability to reduce the transmission of aerosolised Staphylococcus aureus. Bacterial cells in different sized aerosols were captured on agar plates. The ability of masks to reduce the transmission of bacteria during speech over 30 cm was measured. Bacteria were captured in masks or on agar plates at a distance of 30 cm during the speech. RESULTS All masks reduced the transmission of aerosolised S. aureus (p ≤ 0.007). The medical 3-ply and cloth masks with three layers reduced the transmission of S. aureus aerosols (3.3 μm) by 98% and surgical and seven-layer masks reduced this by 100%. An antibacterial silver mask showed significantly greater transmission of S. aureus in aerosols of 4.7 μm (16 ± 6 cells) and 3.3 μm (122 ± 66 cells) compared to all other masks (0-3 cells and 0-15 cells, respectively; p ≤ 0.016). Surgical and three-layer masks had significantly worse filtration of 1.1 μm aerosols than for other aerosol sizes. Wearing a mask reduced the transmission of bacteria during speech, but the inner surface of these masks became contaminated with 528-3060 bacterial cells. CONCLUSIONS Face masks effectively reduce the transmission of microbes in laboratory tests. Face masks made with seven layers were very effective at stopping transmission of S. aureus in all aerosol particle sizes. However, face masks become rapidly contaminated during wear. If masks are to be re-used, they should be regularly replaced or appropriately washed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ajay Kumar Vijay
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Prateek Bahl
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Kalaiselvan P, Konda N, Pampi N, Vaddavalli PK, Sharma S, Stapleton F, Kumar N, Willcox MDP, Dutta D. Effect of Antimicrobial Contact Lenses on Corneal Infiltrative Events: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:32. [PMID: 34191016 PMCID: PMC8254012 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.7.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine whether Mel4-coated antimicrobial contact lenses (MACLs) can reduce the incidence of corneal infiltrative events (CIEs) during extended wear. Methods A prospective, randomized, double-masked, single-center, contralateral, extended contact lens wear clinical trial was conducted with 176 subjects. Each participant was randomly assigned to wear a MACL in one eye and an uncoated control contact lens in the contralateral eye or an extended-wear biweekly disposable modality for 3 months. The main outcome measures were the incidence of CIEs per 100 eye-months, identification of the microbial types colonizing the contact lenses or eyes at the time of the CIEs, and their susceptibility to Mel4. Results Nine participants (5.1%) experienced unilateral CIEs; six participants had contact lens acute red eye, and three participants had infiltrative keratitis. The incidence rate for CIEs (0.4 events per 100 participant months; 1.7%) in the Mel4-coated lenses (test) was 69% less than that of the control lenses (1.3 events per 100 participant months; 3.4%; P = 0.29). All Gram-negative bacteria isolated from lenses and lids of participants with CIEs (Citrobacter diversus, Acinetobacter haemolyticus, and Acinetobacter lwoffii) were susceptible to Mel4 peptide; minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 15.6 to 62.5 µg/mL. Reduction of adhesion of these bacteria by Mel4-coated lenses ranged from 2.1 to 2.2 log10 colony-forming units/lens. Conclusions MACLs had the capacity to reduce CIEs by at least 50% compared with uncoated control lenses during extended wear over 3 months; however, due to the relatively low rates of CIEs, the reduction was not statistically different compared with control lenses. Translational Relevance This study provides evidence that antimicrobial contact lenses have the potential to reduce the incidence of corneal infiltrative events during extended wear.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nagaraju Konda
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nending Pampi
- Bausch & Lomb Contact Lens Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pravin Krishna Vaddavalli
- Bausch & Lomb Contact Lens Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.,The Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Savitri Sharma
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Fiona Stapleton
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Debarun Dutta
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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Kalaiselvan P, Dutta D, Konda N, Sharma S, Vaddavalli PK, Stapleton F, Willcox M. The susceptibility of bacterial isolate from corneal infiltrative events of Melimine Antimicrobial Contact Lens (MACL) wear clinical trial. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2019.10.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Contact lenses (CLs) remain the mainstay in improving vision in patients having keratoconus. With corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) performed worldwide, whether the same CLs can be used or needs replacement needed to be assessed and considered. AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in CL fitting following CXL. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This is a retrospective study conducted at a tertiary center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We analyzed the medical records of patients who underwent CXL and used CL. Data collected included demographics, pre- and post-CXL refraction, corneal topography, anterior-segment examination, and CL [rigid gas permeable(RGP)] fitting details and duration between CXL and RGP fitting. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive analysis and paired t-test were used to compare the pre- and post-CXL data on refraction, visual acuity, and CL parameters. The statistical significance was kept at P < 0.05. RESULTS: Thirty-four eyes (keratoconus = 32, pellucid marginal degeneration = 1, and post-LASIK ectasia = 1) of 27 patients who used CL before and after undergoing CXL were analyzed. Mean duration between CXL and RGP lens use was 2.53 months. Mean sphere and cylinder post-CXL was −4.11 ± 4.32 D and −3.54 ± 2.51 D, respectively. A mean change of 0.75 ± 3.72 D sphere and 0.71 ± 3.39 D cylinder was noted post-CXL. The post-CXL best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (CVA) was 0.52 ± 0.36 and with RGP lens it was 0.09 ± 0.18. There was no significant difference in pre- and post-CXL RGP lens CVA (0.07 ± 0.09 and 0.09 ± 0.18, respectively; P = 0.556). Pre-CXL, 3-point-touch fitting was in 24 eyes (70.59%) and central fluorescein pooling was in 10 eyes (29.41%). Post-CXL, 30 eyes (88.24%) had 3-point-touch and central fluorescein pooling was found in four eyes (11.76%). One patient had CL intolerance after CXL. Of the 32 keratoconus eyes, 62.5% (n = 20 eyes) were prescribed new lenses; 37.5% (n = 12 eyes) continued using own lenses. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference in refraction, topography indices, and RGP lens parameters pre- and post-CXL. However, changes in RGP lens fitting characteristics suggest a possible change in shape or apex location of the cornea after CXL. RGP lenses remain the best option to improve visual acuity after CXL in corneal ectasia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Varsha M Rathi
- Bausch and Lomb Contact Lens Clinic, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,Tej Kohli Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Somasheila I Murthy
- Bausch and Lomb Contact Lens Clinic, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mukesh Taneja
- Bausch and Lomb Contact Lens Clinic, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Virender S Sangwan
- Bausch and Lomb Contact Lens Clinic, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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10
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Willcox MDP, Chen R, Kalaiselvan P, Yasir M, Rasul R, Kumar N, Dutta D. The Development of an Antimicrobial Contact Lens - From the Laboratory to the Clinic. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 21:357-368. [PMID: 31429686 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190820152508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Contact lens wear is generally safe and provides excellent vision. However, contact lens wear is often associated with the risk of developing ocular surface infection and inflammation, and in severe cases, the infection can result in loss of vision. Antimicrobial peptide-coated contact lenses have been made to help reduce the incidence of infection and inflammation. This paper reviews the research progress from conception, through the laboratory and preclinical tests to the latest information on clinical testing of an antimicrobial contact lens. We provide insights into the pathways followed and pitfalls that have been encountered. The journey has not always been linear or smooth, but has resulted in some of the first published clinical testing of antimicrobial peptide-coated contact lenses in humans. We hope this may help lead to the development and commercialisation of antimicrobial contact lenses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - R Chen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - P Kalaiselvan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - M Yasir
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - R Rasul
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - N Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - D Dutta
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Sati A, Sangwan VS, Basu S, Kalaiselvan P. Boston keratoprosthesis for visual rehabilitation in porphyria cutanea tarda. BMJ Case Rep 2013; 2013:bcr-2012-008267. [PMID: 23378551 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2012-008267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 56-year-old man, presented with bilateral chronic visual loss associated with generalised skin lesions. He had undergone multiple penetrating keratoplasties in his right eye for recurrent corneal infections and perforations. On ocular examination, his left eye was phthisical and his right eye had light perception vision owing to a failed and vascularised corneal graft. Dermatological evaluation revealed multiple hyperpigmented and hypopigmented lesions along with thickening of skin on nose, scalp and dorsum of hands. Skin biopsy showed focal areas of deposition of faint periodic acid Schiff-positive diastase-resistant perivascular material. The high-performance liquid chromatography assessment revealed increased presence of porphyrins in blood and urine, thus confirming a diagnosis of porphyria cutanea tarda. The patient's vision in the right eye improved after undergoing Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis along with general photoprotective measures for the exposed parts of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Sati
- Department of Cornea & Anterior Segment, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Madheswaran R, Shelar PD, Kalaiselvan P, Bhelonde JJ, Mathur KY, Pande VV, Udupa V, Shingatgeri VM. Nonsystemic locally invasive thymic T-cell lymphoma in a fifteen-week-old male CD-1 mouse. Toxicol Pathol 2010; 38:319-23. [PMID: 20100842 DOI: 10.1177/0192623309357949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A male CD-1 mouse from a segment I reproduction toxicity study died at the age of fifteen weeks. At necropsy, the thymus was abnormally enlarged and virtually obliterated the thoracic cavity. Histopathological examination of thymus revealed abundant cell population consisting of mature lymphocytes and few lymphoblasts arranged in cords and sheets. Neoplastic cells completely obliterated the thymic architecture, and loss of corticomedullary junction was evident. Microscopically, neoplastic cells were round with moderate cytoplasm. Nuclei were spherical and hyperchromatic with centrally placed nucleoli. Mitotic figures and tingible body macrophages imparting "starry sky appearance" were seen. Multifocal necrotic areas were also observed. Proliferating neoplastic cells invaded the thymic capsule, surrounding adipose tissue and neighboring organs such as lungs, heart and fat pad of aorta, esophagus, trachea, and thoracic vertebrae. No evidence of systemic metastasis was observed in other organs. Immunostained neoplastic cells were positive for CD3 antigen. Gross, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry results were suggestive of thymic T-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Madheswaran
- Drug Safety Evaluation, Ranbaxy Research Laboratories, Gurgaon 122 015, Haryana, India.
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Kalaiselvan P, Mathur KY, Pande VV, Madheswaran R, Bhelonde JJ, Shelar PD, Udupa V, Shingatgeri VM. Intralobar nephroblastematosis in a nine-week-old Wistar rat. Toxicol Pathol 2010; 37:819-25. [PMID: 19773594 DOI: 10.1177/0192623309343776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Intralobar nephroblastematosis (ILNB) is a precursor lesion to the development of nephroblastoma (NB) in rats. Unilateral ILNB was observed in the kidney of a nine-week-old female Wistar rat (Crl:WI) from a short-term toxicity study. Clinical pathology and urinalysis did not reveal altered renal function. This microscopic, unencapsulated lesion consisted of basophilic sheets of blastemal cells that did not include a prominent mesenchymal component. These cells expanded in the interstitium, which trapped and compressed few normal renal tubules. The blastemal cells moderately differentiated to form rosettes, primitive tubules, and a glomeruloid body. Multifocally, the lumen of primitive tubules contained eosinophilic secretions with basophilic material in the center. The diagnostic criteria used were compared and differentiated with renal dysplasia, nephrogenic rest, NB in rats, and with that of the identical lesion in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kalaiselvan
- Drug Safety Evaluation, Ranbaxy Research Laboratories, Gurgaon 122015, Haryana, India.
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Vijayakumar S, Everds NE, Kalaiselvan P, Shakthidevan RK, Murkunde YKV, Wells MY. Performance of the Ascensia ENTRUST glucose meter for determination of blood glucose concentration in rats. Vet Clin Pathol 2009; 38:493-500. [PMID: 19619151 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2009.00169.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Ascensia ENTRUST blood glucose meter is intended for self-monitoring of blood glucose by diabetic patients. Use of such a glucometer would minimize blood volume requirements for the measurement of glucose in small laboratory animals. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of the Ascensia ENTRUST for measuring glucose in whole blood from Wistar rats by evaluating the effect of anticoagulant and sample processing delay and comparing normalized results with plasma glucose concentration. METHODS Blood samples were collected from the retroorbital sinus of 30 male Wistar rats with a wide range of blood glucose concentrations. Glucose concentration was measured with the Ascensia ENTRUST in nonheparinized (NH) and heparinized samples immediately after collection (Hep-0) and in heparinized samples after a 15 min delay at 23-28 degrees C (Hep-15). Heparinized samples were centrifuged and glucose concentration was determined in plasma using an automated chemistry analyzer. Results were compared to assess the effect of anticoagulant (NH vs Hep-0) and time (Hep 0 vs Hep 15), and to compare normalized Hep-15 results with plasma glucose concentration. RESULTS Glucose concentration was not significantly different between NH and Hep-0 samples. Glucose concentration was lower in Hep-15 (77+/-36.9 mg/dL) than Hep-0 (88+/-39.7 mg/dL) samples, but the difference was not significant. With normalization, Hep-15 glucose concentration correlated well (r>or=.98) with plasma glucose concentration but was lower by 6.0+/-16.7 mg/dL, with a positive bias at low glucose concentrations and a negative bias at high concentrations. CONCLUSION The Ascensia ENTRUST may be adequate for repeated blood glucose measurements in rats, but its results do not accurately predict plasma glucose concentrations measured by an automated clinical chemistry analyzer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vijayakumar
- Department of Pathology, International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology (IIBAT), Tamil Nadu, India.
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