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Sume GE, Hasan Q, Shefer A, Henaff L, Cavallaro KF, Tencza CB, Hadler SC, Sidy N, Sardar P, Kagina BM, Hutin Y. Region-wide assessment of National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs) using the NITAG Maturity Assessment Tool (NMAT) - Experience from the Eastern Mediterranean Region of the World Health Organization, 2023. Vaccine 2024; 42:2239-2245. [PMID: 38413276 PMCID: PMC11007386 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs) are independent bodies that help improve national immunization programmes in decision making on immunization policy. The new NITAG Maturity Assessment Tool (NMAT) provided an opportunity to conduct a region-wide assessment to improve NITAG capacity and foster institutional growth. We share experience of the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) of the World Health Organization (WHO) in using NMAT and the use of findings to develop improvement plans. NITAG chairs and secretariats from 22 EMR countries attended a virtual NMAT training in 2023. They self-assessed their NITAGs using the tool and developed improvement plans. An algorithm used the data to determine maturity levels for seven indicators. We consolidated results for the region by income groups. Of 22 countries (or NITAGs), 20 (91%) submitted NITAG assessment findings and 19 an improvement plan. The proportion of criteria met per indicator varied from 36% for independence and non-bias to 74% for establishment and composition. Maturity level varied by indicator. Of 20 NITAGs, less than half had an intermediate or higher-level maturity for the indicators of independence and non-bias 1 (5%), operations 3 (15%), making recommendations 4 (20%), stakeholder recognition 6 (30%), and resources and secretariat support 7 (35%). Meanwhile 11 (55%) NITAGs had an intermediate or higher maturity level for the indicators of establishment and composition and for integration into policy making process. Participants described NMAT as a concise, useful, user-friendly tool. NMAT is a practical tool that can be used by NITAGs to provide insights and strategic direction for individual countries and regionally. Prevention and management of conflict of interest is the domain that requires the most improvement in EMR. Planned activities should be implemented, monitored and a follow up assessment conducted in 2025.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Etapelong Sume
- Immunization Vaccine Preventable Disease and Polio Transition Unit, Department of Universal Health Coverage Communicable Diseases, WHO Regional Office of the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Quamrul Hasan
- Immunization Vaccine Preventable Disease and Polio Transition Unit, Department of Universal Health Coverage Communicable Diseases, WHO Regional Office of the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Abigail Shefer
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - Louise Henaff
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals (IVB), World Health Organization, Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Kathleen F Cavallaro
- Partnership for International Vaccine Initiatives, Center for Vaccine Equity, Task Force for Global Health, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | | | - Stephen C Hadler
- Partnership for International Vaccine Initiatives, Center for Vaccine Equity, Task Force for Global Health, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - Ndiaye Sidy
- Vaccine Preventable Disease, Universal Health Coverage/Communicable and Non-communicable Disease Cluster, WHO Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo.
| | - Parwiz Sardar
- Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Benjamin M Kagina
- Vaccines for Africa Initiative (VACFA) and NITAG Support Hub (NISH), School of Public Health (SPH) and Institute of Infectious Diseases & Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town (UCT), South Africa.
| | - Yvan Hutin
- Department of Universal Health Coverage Communicable Diseases, WHO Regional Office of the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Cairo, Egypt.
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Gopan A, Sahu N, Varghese T, Sardar P, Gupta S, Gupta G, Maiti M. Preparation of Protein Isolate from Neem Seed: Biochemical Evaluation, Antinutrients and In Vitro Digestibility Study. ANIM NUTR FEED TECHN 2019. [DOI: 10.5958/0974-181x.2019.00019.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kumar P, Jain KK, Sardar P. Effects of dietary synbiotic on innate immunity, antioxidant activity and disease resistance of Cirrhinus mrigala juveniles. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 80:124-132. [PMID: 29857133 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The dietary supplementation of synbiotic in Cirrhinus mrigala juvenile (with initial body weight ranging from 2.87 ± 0.01 g to 3.26 ± 0.05 g) was evaluated in terms of changes in innate immunity, antioxidant activity and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophilla infection. One hundred eighty acclimatized juveniles of mrigal were randomly distributed in the three replicates of each of four experimental groups i.e. control (without Probiotic and Prebiotic), T1 (High Probiotic + Low Prebiotic), T2 (Low Probiotic + High Prebiotic) and T3 (High Probiotic + High Prebiotic), using completely randomized design (CRD). At the end of the feeding trial for 60 days, fish were challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila and survival rate was recorded for the next 15 days. Bacillus subtilis used as a probiotic source and MOS used as a prebiotic source in the experiment. Results showed that innate immunity was comparatively improved in T3 group. Lysozyme activity and respiratory burst activity (NBT) were significantly (P < 0.05) affected in T3 group. Highest activities of antioxidant enzymes (P < 0.05) were reported in T3 group. Cumulative mortality % was found to be lower in the fish fed dietary synbiotic on T3 group after challenging with Aeromonas hydrophilla infection. The results of this study showed that under the experimental conditions, dietary supplementation of synbiotic had a synergestic effect on enhancing innate immunity and disease resistance of Cirrhinus mrigala (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Rohtak Centre, Lahli, 124411, Haryana, India.
| | - K K Jain
- Department of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Fisheries University Road, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - P Sardar
- Department of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Fisheries University Road, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India
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Phulia V, Sardar P, Sahu N, Sanap B, Shamna N, Fawole F, Gupta S. Effect of Detoxification Methods on Anti-nutritional Factors and Proximate Composition of Defatted Jatropha curcas Kernel Meal. ANIM NUTR FEED TECHN 2018. [DOI: 10.5958/0974-181x.2018.00006.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kollath-Leiß K, Bönniger C, Sardar P, Kempken F. BEM46 shows eisosomal localization and association with tryptophan-derived auxin pathway in Neurospora crassa. Eukaryot Cell 2014; 13:1051-63. [PMID: 24928924 PMCID: PMC4135797 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00061-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BEM46 proteins are evolutionarily conserved, but their functions remain elusive. We reported previously that the BEM46 protein in Neurospora crassa is targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is essential for ascospore germination. In the present study, we established a bem46 knockout strain of N. crassa. This Δbem46 mutant exhibited a level of ascospore germination lower than that of the wild type but much higher than those of the previously characterized bem46-overexpressing and RNA interference (RNAi) lines. Reinvestigation of the RNAi transformants revealed two types of alternatively spliced bem46 mRNA; expression of either type led to a loss of ascospore germination. Our results indicated that the phenotype was not due to bem46 mRNA downregulation or loss but was caused by the alternatively spliced mRNAs and the peptides they encoded. Using the N. crassa ortholog of the eisosomal protein PILA from Aspergillus nidulans, we further demonstrated the colocalization of BEM46 with eisosomes. Employing the yeast two-hybrid system, we identified a single interaction partner: anthranilate synthase component II (encoded by trp-1). This interaction was confirmed in vivo by a split-YFP (yellow fluorescent protein) approach. The Δtrp-1 mutant showed reduced ascospore germination and increased indole production, and we used bioinformatic tools to identify a putative auxin biosynthetic pathway. The genes involved exhibited various levels of transcriptional regulation in the different bem46 transformant and mutant strains. We also investigated the indole production of the strains in different developmental stages. Our findings suggested that the regulation of indole biosynthesis genes was influenced by bem46 overexpression. Furthermore, we uncovered evidence of colocalization of BEM46 with the neutral amino acid transporter MTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kollath-Leiß
- Abteilung Botanische Genetik und Molekularbiologie, Botanisches Institut und Botanischer Garten, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - C Bönniger
- Abteilung Botanische Genetik und Molekularbiologie, Botanisches Institut und Botanischer Garten, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - P Sardar
- Abteilung Botanische Genetik und Molekularbiologie, Botanisches Institut und Botanischer Garten, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - F Kempken
- Abteilung Botanische Genetik und Molekularbiologie, Botanisches Institut und Botanischer Garten, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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