Two New Species of Macraspis MacLeay, 1819 (Melolonthidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini) from Brazil, with Supplementary Description on the Chromatic Variation and Endophallus of Macraspis laevicollis (Waterhouse, 1881)

Two new species of Macraspis MacLeay are described and illustrated based on adult specimens collected in São Paulo and Paraná states, in southeastern and southern Brazil, respectively. Macraspis ironman sp. nov. and M. soulai sp. nov. are diagnosed and included in the preexisting identification key. A new chromatic variation of M. laevicollis (Waterhouse) is reported, along with a supplementary description including aedeagus and endophallus structures.

A new species of Chlorota Burmeister (Melolonthidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini) from Cerrado and Amazon biomes transition

Chlorota cleidecostae sp. nov. is described based on a unique female collected at Maranhão State, Carolina municipality, in the “Meio Norte” region, a biotope comprising Cerrado, Caatinga and Amazon biomes. The new species is distinguished from all other Chlorota species by having the striped elytral pattern with red costae, and surface of pronotum dull, dark, metallic, and smooth. An updated map and a key for species and subspecies that occur in Brazil are also presented.

Contribution to the knowledge of Podischnus Burmeister, 1847 (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) with the description of two new species from Brazilian Amazon Forest

Two new Podischnus Burmeister, 1847 species are described here: Podischnus limeirai sp. nov. from Gurupi region, Maranhão state, Brazil, the easternmost distribution of the genus; and Podischnus cleidecostae sp. nov. from the Acre state, Western of Brazilian Amazon Forest. New diagnostic characters are illustrated and discussed for the genus. An illustrated identification key for all Podischnus species, and an up-to-date distribution map for the Brazilian species of Podischnus are provided. Moreover, we propose the inclusion of P. limeirai sp. nov. in the Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN) due to the fast loss of the Oriental Amazon Forest remnant fragment in that region.

Revisiting pollinating Cyclocephala scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) associated with the soursop (Annona muricata, Annonaceae)

The soursop (Annona muricata L., Annonaceae) is an important fruit crop in several countries of South America, including Brazil, and the presence of the scarab beetles in this orchads can reduce pollination deficits and increase the productivity. For this reason, we report Cyclocephala celata Dechambre, 1980 as a flower visitor and potential pollinator of the soursop. Additionally, this work presents an updated list of Cyclocephala species found on A. muricata, corrects some misidentifications, and provides comments and an identification key for all taxa cited as floral visitors of this crop.

Contribution to the Species of Oxyligyrus Arrow (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae) of the Peruanus Species Group with the Description of Two New Species

Two new species of the genus Oxyligyrus Arrow, 1908 from the peruanus species group are described from Brazil and compared with other species of the genus Oxyligyrus limeirai sp. nov., from Maranhão state and Oxyligyrus vazdemelloi sp. nov. from Mato Grosso state. A key to the peruanus complex and a distribution map of their known brazilian localities is also provided. New state records from Brazil are also presented for Oxyligyrus zoilus (Olivier 1789) the most widespread species of the genus and for O. acutus Endrödi, 1966.

Composição e riqueza de espécies de uma comunidade de Coleoptera (Insecta) na Caatinga

RESUMO Os besouros apresentam grande diversidade taxonômica e funcional, no entanto, para a Região Nordeste, especialmente para a porção com vegetação de Caatinga, o conhecimento da fauna de Coleoptera é muito restrito. Por se tratar de uma região com grande diversidade de paisagens, torna-se necessário conhecer a coleopterofauna que ocorre nas diferentes fitofisionomias, buscando com isso abranger a variabilidade espacial encontrada nessa região xérica. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um levantamento das espécies de besouros no Semiárido paraibano. As coletas foram realizadas semanalmente durante quatro anos (2009-2013) utilizando uma armadilha Malaise por fitofisionomia, sendo amostrada uma área com vegetação xerófila e outra com mata ciliar. Foram coletados 6.567 indivíduos pertencentes a 383 espécies e 42 famílias de Coleoptera. Chrysomelidae (78 spp.), Curculionidae (57 spp.) e Cerambycidae (28 spp.) foram as famílias mais ricas. Em relação às mais abundantes, Chrysomelidae (30,4% dos indivíduos), Curculionidae (8,3%) e Tenebrionidae (7,7%) se destacaram. Foi verificado um elevado número de singletons e doubletons, apesar do prolongado período amostral, indicando que deve haver ainda muitas espécies a serem registradas na área de estudos. Nossos resultados demonstram uma rica fauna de besouros na região semiárida estudada e fornece uma lista de besouros de ocorrência no Semiárido paraibano, com novos registros de espécies para o estado e contribui assim com o conhecimento da diversidade de Coleoptera no Nordeste do Brasil.

A checklist of Rutelinae MacLeay, 1819 (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae) of Bahia, Brazil

Abstract A list of species of Rutelinae from Bahia state, Northeastern Brazil, is presented. The list is based on specimens deposited in Brazilian collections. The list includes 4 tribes, 23 genera, 101 species and 17 subspecies. The genera Byrsopolis Burmeister, 1844, Pseudodorysthetus Soula, 2008 and Trizogeniates Ohaus, 1917 are recorded for the first time in Bahia and Northeastern Brazil. Thirty species are newly recorded in Bahia: Areoda espiritosantensis Ohaus, 1905, B. laticollis Burmeister, 1855, Bolax flavolineata (Mannerheim, 1829), Chlorota abdominalis Ohaus, 1926, C. espiritosantensis Ohaus, 1912, Dorysthetus espiritosantensis Ohaus, 1905, D. fulgidus (Waterhouse, 1881), Leucothyreus acanthurus Ohaus, 1917, L. albopilosus Ohaus, 1917, L. campestris Burmeister, 1855, L. cayapo Ohaus, 1931, L. duplopunctatus Frey, 1976, L. eligius Ohaus, 1918, L. fluminensis Ohaus, 1918, L. iridipennis Ohaus, 1917, L. lucipetens Ohaus, 1931, L. occipitalis Ohaus, 1931, L. pallefactus Ohaus, 1924, L. paulista Ohaus, 1917, L. punctulatus Blanchard, 1851, L. suturalis Laporte, 1840, L. trochantericus Ohaus, 1917, L. verticalis Ohaus, 1924, Macraspis cincta (Drury, 1872), Paranomala tricostulata (Ohaus, 1897), P. violacea (Burmeister, 1844), Pseudodorysthetus calcaratus (Spinola, 1835), and Trizogeniates planipennis Ohaus, 1917. Pelidnota unicolor unicolor (Drury, 1778) is recorded for the first time in Bahia. Fourteen species are identified and will be described in subsequent papers: 10 of Leucothyreus MacLeay, 1819, 2 of Lobogeniates Ohaus, 1917 and 1 species of Byrsopolis Burmeister, 1844 and Pelidnota MacLeay, 1819. Rutelini is the richest tribe with 16 genera and 49 species. The information presented in the list generates an important set of knowledge regarding the diversity of Rutelinae of Bahia and Brazil and provides the basis for conducting future research within the group.

A new brachypterous genus of Brazilian stag beetle (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae) with description of three new species

Montesinus gen. nov. is described from Brazil, along with three new species, Montesinus monnei sp. nov. (Holotype male deposited in MNRJ: Brazil, Espírito Santo State, Parque Nacional do Caparaó, 2500 m a.s.l., 13.IV.2001, F.O. Correia leg.), M. tatula sp. nov. (Holotype female deposited in CERPE: Brazil, Minas Gerais State, Corinto, 900 m a.s.l., I.1998, E. Antunes leg.), and M. machadoi sp. nov. (Holotype female deposited in MNRJ: Brazil, Espírito Santo State, Serra do Caparaó, Ibitirama, 2600 m a.s.l., 10-12.IV.2012, M.V.P. Simões leg.). This unusual genus is related to Altitatiayus Weinreich, with which it shares the brachypterous condition and also some characters of the male genitalia, being distinguished from it mainly by its punctate flat head and indistinct elytral striae. The three new species are distinguished by their general color, shape of posterior margin of pronotum, tibial armature and elytral punctures. The new species are from two isolated mountain formations, called Serra do Caparaó and Serra do Espinhaço formations. This is the third brachypterous genus of stag beetle found in Brazil, but it occurs in mountains isolated from the Serra da Mantiqueira where the other two genera are found. The habitus, male genitalia and maxillae of the new species are illustrated.

Revision of the rhinoceros beetle genus Oryctophileurus Kolbe with description of a new species, the male of O. varicosus Prell, and notes on biogeography (Scarabaeoidea, Dynastinae, Phileurini)

The genus Oryctophileurus is reviewed and its validity is supported by a combination of the following apomorphic characters: a single cephalic horn with lateral carina, pronotal cavity with ocellate punctures and two teeth or tubercles close behind the anterior pronotal margin. The male of Oryctophileurus varicosus Prell, 1934, is described for the first time. A new species, Oryctophileurus guerrai Perger & Grossi sp. n., from subhumid Tucuman-Bolivian forest in the Southern Bolivian Andes is described. The new species is distinguished from its closest relative, O. armicollis Prell, 1911, by a narrower distance between the inner teeth of the dorsal pronotal protuberances and a reduced area of weakly developed ocellate punctures above the posterolateral pronotal margin. The occurrence of Oryctophileurus species in areas of endemism along the eastern slope of the tropical Andes suggests that these populations represent biogeographic "relicts", and the discovery of Oryctophileurus guerrai sp. n. in the southern Bolivian Andes suggests that this area is underrated with respect to insect diversity and endemism.

Histerídeos (Staphyliniformia: Coleoptera: Histeridae) dos Campos Gerais, Paraná, Brasil

Histeridae é um grupo de besouros com morfologia diversificada, conhecidos como predadores generalistas e que ocorrem em uma ampla variedade de habitats. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar uma primeira listagem dos táxons de Histeridae ocorrentes na região dos Campos Gerais (Parques Estaduais de Vila Velha, do Cerrado, e do Cânion Guartelá) e fornecer informações sobre as espécies das Unidades de Conservação do Estado do Paraná. Também foram apresentados os métodos apropriados para coleta do grupo. Os Histeridae dos Campos Gerais estão, até o momento, representados por 29 espécies de oito gêneros: Haeteriinae sp. (1 sp.), Coelister Bickhardt, 1917 (1 sp.), Epierus Erichson, 1834 (1 sp.), Euspilotus Lewis, 1907 (6 spp.), Hister Linnaeus, 1758 (2 spp.), Omalodes Dejean, 1833 (3 spp.), OperclipygusMarseul, 1870 (6 spp.) e Phelister Marseul, 1854 (9 spp.). Dois gêneros (Coelister e Epierus) e quatro espécies (Coelister sp., Phelister brevistrius Marseul, 1854, Phelister panamensisLeConte, 1859 e Phelister pumilus (Erichson, 1834)) foram registrados pela primeira vez para o Estado do Paraná. Cinco gêneros (Coelister, Epierus, Euspilotus, Hister e Phelister) e cinco espécies (Coelister sp., Omalodes laceratus Marseul, 1853, Phelister brevistrius, Phelister panamensisLeConte, 1859 e Phelister pumilus (Erichson, 1834)) foram registrados pela primeira vez para os Campos Gerais. A fauna de Histeridae se mostrou diversa quando comparada a levantamentos em outras formações vegetacionais. Entretanto, a maioria das espécies não demonstra uma seleção de hábitat para áreas abertas. Considerando a perda de habitat ocorrida nos Campos Gerais, salienta-se a importância dos levantamentos faunísticos através de métodos apropriados e listagens regionais de Coleoptera para o conhecimento da biodiversidade.

Report of Macraspis pseudochrysis Landin, 1956 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) on açai palms (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) in floodplains in the state of Amapá, Brazil

The açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea) is an East Amazon palm found most frequently in the Amazon River estuary. Riverside dwellers in different regions of the state of Amapá have recently been observing a species of coleopteran attacking the inflorescences of açai palms. With a view to identifying a species of coleopteran attacking inflorescences of E. oleracea in the Brazilian state of Amapá, insects were collected in the regions of Abacate da Pedreira (two individuals) and Ariri (six) in the city of Macapá. Five individuals were also collected in Mazagão. The insects were collected from açai palm inflorescences using entomological nets, then preserved and submitted for identification. They were identified as Macraspis pseudochrysis Landin, 1956 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae). This is the first occurrence of M. pseudochrysis in E. oleracea in the Neotropics.

A new species of Amblyodus Westwood, 1878 (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae, Dynastinae) from South America

A second species of Amblyodus Westwood, 1878, Amblyodus castroisp. n., is described from the northern South America based on 12 specimens from Brazil and Peru (Amazonian subregion). The new species is here compared with the type species of the genus, Amblyodus taurus Westwood, 1878 and both species and their male genitalia are illustrated. Diagnostic characters for the genus are discussed, especially the metatibial teeth. A distribution map including the type species and the new species is provided. The genus Amblyodus is recorded for the first time from Peru and from Brazil states of Pará and Rondônia.