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Strenkert D, Schmollinger S, Paruthiyil S, Brown BC, Green S, Shafer CM, Salomé P, Nelson H, Blaby-Haas CE, Moseley JL, Merchant SS. Distinct function of Chlamydomonas CTRA-CTR transporters in Cu assimilation and intracellular mobilization. Metallomics 2024; 16:mfae013. [PMID: 38439674 PMCID: PMC10959442 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Successful acclimation to copper (Cu) deficiency involves a fine balance between Cu import and export. In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Cu import is dependent on a transcription factor, Copper Response Regulator 1 (CRR1), responsible for activating genes in Cu-deficient cells. Among CRR1 target genes are two Cu transporters belonging to the CTR/COPT gene family (CTR1 and CTR2) and a related soluble protein (CTR3). The ancestor of these green algal proteins was likely acquired from an ancient chytrid and contained conserved cysteine-rich domains (named the CTR-associated domains, CTRA) that are predicted to be involved in Cu acquisition. We show by reverse genetics that Chlamydomonas CTR1 and CTR2 are canonical Cu importers albeit with distinct affinities, while loss of CTR3 did not result in an observable phenotype under the conditions tested. Mutation of CTR1, but not CTR2, recapitulates the poor growth of crr1 in Cu-deficient medium, consistent with a dominant role for CTR1 in high-affinity Cu(I) uptake. On the other hand, the overaccumulation of Cu(I) (20 times the quota) in zinc (Zn) deficiency depends on CRR1 and both CTR1 and CTR2. CRR1-dependent activation of CTR gene expression needed for Cu over-accumulation can be bypassed by the provision of excess Cu in the growth medium. Over-accumulated Cu is sequestered into the acidocalcisome but can become remobilized by restoring Zn nutrition. This mobilization is also CRR1-dependent, and requires activation of CTR2 expression, again distinguishing CTR2 from CTR1 and consistent with the lower substrate affinity of CTR2. ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY Regulation of Cu uptake and sequestration by members of the CTR family of proteins in Chlamydomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Strenkert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Stefan Schmollinger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Srinand Paruthiyil
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Bonnie C Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sydnee Green
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Catherine M Shafer
- Molecular Toxicology Inter-departmental Ph.D. program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Patrice Salomé
- Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hosea Nelson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Crysten E Blaby-Haas
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Moseley
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sabeeha S Merchant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Strenkert D, Schmollinger S, Paruthiyil S, Brown BC, Green S, Shafer CM, Salomé P, Nelson H, Blaby-Haas CE, Moseley JL, Merchant SS. Distinct function of Chlamydomonas CTRA-CTR transporters in Cu assimilation and intracellular mobilization. bioRxiv 2023:2023.10.19.563170. [PMID: 37905083 PMCID: PMC10614975 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.19.563170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Successful acclimation to copper (Cu) deficiency involves a fine balance between Cu import and export. In the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii , Cu import is dependent on C opper R esponse R egulator 1 (CRR1), the master regulator of Cu homeostasis. Among CRR1 target genes are two Cu transporters belonging to the CTR/COPT gene family ( CTR1 and CTR2 ) and a related soluble cysteine-rich protein (CTR3). The ancestor of these green algal proteins was likely acquired from an ancient chytrid and contained conserved cysteine-rich domains (named the CTR-associated domains, CTRA) that are predicted to be involved in Cu acquisition. We show by reverse genetics that Chlamydomonas CTR1 and CTR2 are canonical Cu importers albeit with distinct affinities, while loss of CTR3 did not result in an observable phenotype under the conditions tested. Mutation of CTR1 , but not CTR2 , recapitulate the poor growth of crr1 in Cu-deficient medium, consistent with a dominant role for CTR1 in high affinity Cu(I) uptake. Notably, the over-accumulation of Cu(I) in Zinc (Zn)-deficiency (20 times the quota) depends on CRR1 and both CTR1 and CTR2. CRR1-dependent activation of CTR gene expression needed for Cu over-accumulation can be bypassed by the provision of excess Cu in the growth medium. Over-accumulated Cu is sequestered into the acidocalcisome but can become remobilized by restoring Zn nutrition. This mobilization is also CRR1-dependent, and requires activation of CTR2 expression, again distinguishing CTR2 from CTR1 and is consistent with the lower substrate affinity of CTR2.
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Ribeiro G, Ferreira G, Menda UD, Alexandre M, Brites MJ, Barreiros MA, Jana S, Águas H, Martins R, Fernandes PA, Salomé P, Mendes MJ. Sub-Bandgap Sensitization of Perovskite Semiconductors via Colloidal Quantum Dots Incorporation. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2447. [PMID: 37686955 PMCID: PMC10489900 DOI: 10.3390/nano13172447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
By taking advantage of the outstanding intrinsic optoelectronic properties of perovskite-based photovoltaic materials, together with the strong near-infrared (NIR) absorption and electronic confinement in PbS quantum dots (QDs), sub-bandgap photocurrent generation is possible, opening the way for solar cell efficiencies surpassing the classical limits. The present study shows an effective methodology for the inclusion of high densities of colloidal PbS QDs in a MAPbI3 (methylammonium lead iodide) perovskite matrix as a means to enhance the spectral window of photon absorption of the perovskite host film and allow photocurrent production below its bandgap. The QDs were introduced in the perovskite matrix in different sizes and concentrations to study the formation of quantum-confined levels within the host bandgap and the potential formation of a delocalized intermediate mini-band (IB). Pronounced sub-bandgap (in NIR) absorption was optically confirmed with the introduction of QDs in the perovskite. The consequent photocurrent generation was demonstrated via photoconductivity measurements, which indicated IB establishment in the films. Despite verifying the reduced crystallinity of the MAPbI3 matrix with a higher concentration and size of the embedded QDs, the nanostructured films showed pronounced enhancement (above 10-fold) in NIR absorption and consequent photocurrent generation at photon energies below the perovskite bandgap.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Ribeiro
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal (M.A.); (S.J.); (H.Á.)
- INL, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (P.A.F.); (P.S.)
| | - G. Ferreira
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal (M.A.); (S.J.); (H.Á.)
| | - U. D. Menda
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal (M.A.); (S.J.); (H.Á.)
| | - M. Alexandre
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal (M.A.); (S.J.); (H.Á.)
| | - M. J. Brites
- LNEG, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.J.B.)
| | - M. A. Barreiros
- LNEG, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.J.B.)
| | - S. Jana
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal (M.A.); (S.J.); (H.Á.)
| | - H. Águas
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal (M.A.); (S.J.); (H.Á.)
| | - R. Martins
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal (M.A.); (S.J.); (H.Á.)
| | - P. A. Fernandes
- INL, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (P.A.F.); (P.S.)
- CIETI, Departamento de Física, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Física, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - P. Salomé
- INL, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (P.A.F.); (P.S.)
- i3N, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M. J. Mendes
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology and CEMOP/UNINOVA, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal (M.A.); (S.J.); (H.Á.)
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Slok A, Kotz D, van Breukelen G, Chavannes NH, Rutten-van Mölken M, Kerstjens H, van der Molen T, Asijee GM, Dekhuijzen R, Holverda S, Salomé P, Goossens L, Twellaar M, in 't Veen J, van Schayck O. Wirksamkeit des „Assessment of Burden of COPD“ (ABC) Instruments bezüglich gezundheitsbezogener Lebensqualität bei COPD Patienten: eine Cluster-randomisierte, kontrollierte Studie. Pneumologie 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1598413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - D Kotz
- Institut für Allgemeinmedizin, Schwerpunkt Suchtforschung und Klinische Epidemiologie, Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - P Salomé
- Huisartsencoöperatie Preventzorg, Bilthoven
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