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Pakpahan C, Ibrahim R, William W, Kandar PS, Darmadi D, Khaerana ASTA, Supardi S. “Am I Masculine?” A metasynthesis of qualitative studies on traditional masculinity on infertility. F1000Res 2023; 12:252. [PMID: 37008892 PMCID: PMC10050908 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.131599.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The rate of infertility is increasing day by day. According to studies conducted worldwide, 30 million men are diagnosed with infertility. Cases of infertility are often associated with a failure to become male in society. Procreation and gender roles are often closely linked so that infertile men are often considered the second sex. Sometimes, this condition makes men question their masculinity. Methods: We performed a systematic review and metasynthesis with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline procedure on qualitative studies on ten databases exploring the experience of infertile men and their association with masculinity. Results: Twenty-four studies matched our question, and there are two major themes with eight subthemes that were obtained from the results of the metasynthesis of these studies. The impact of this gender issue is huge on men’s health and their social interactions. As a result, gender issues provide a space for debate and a burden on men. Sometimes, men develop mental health problems. The topic of masculinity and infertility is at odds with feminism and is susceptible to the societal stigma that results from the hegemonic conception of masculinity. Interestingly, the men must accept reality and follow the treatment process for infertility, although it affects their psychological well-being. Conclusions: These findings provide insight for physicians, as treating infertility requires a multidisciplinary team that does not only address procreation issues. Social issues related to gender roles often bring patients into harmful and dangerous conditions. To address the gender issue in men globally in several dimensions, however, a large study in various populations is still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cennikon Pakpahan
- Andrology Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60132, Indonesia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60132, Indonesia
| | - Raditya Ibrahim
- Andrology Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60132, Indonesia
| | - William William
- Andrology Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60132, Indonesia
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, South Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, 14440, Indonesia
| | - Patricia S Kandar
- Andrology Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60132, Indonesia
| | - Darmadi Darmadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatra, 20155, Indonesia
| | - A. ST. Aldilah Khaerana
- English Department, Faculty of Culture Sciences, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Supardi Supardi
- Andrology Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60132, Indonesia
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