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Camargo LM, Zhang XD, Loerch P, Caceres RM, Marine SD, Uva P, Ferrer M, de Rinaldis E, Stone DJ, Majercak J, Ray WJ, Yi-An C, Shearman MS, Mizuguchi K. Correction: Pathway-Based Analysis of Genome-Wide siRNA Screens Reveals the Regulatory Landscape of App Processing. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129641. [PMID: 26030410 PMCID: PMC4452181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Camargo LM, Zhang XD, Loerch P, Caceres RM, Marine SD, Uva P, Ferrer M, de Rinaldis E, Stone DJ, Majercak J, Ray WJ, Yi-An C, Shearman MS, Mizuguchi K. Pathway-based analysis of genome-wide siRNA screens reveals the regulatory landscape of APP processing. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115369. [PMID: 25723573 PMCID: PMC4344212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive aggregation of Amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain is a major trait of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Aβ is produced as a result of proteolytic processing of the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP). Processing of APP is mediated by multiple enzymes, resulting in the production of distinct peptide products: the non-amyloidogenic peptide sAPPα and the amyloidogenic peptides sAPPβ, Aβ40, and Aβ42. Using a pathway-based approach, we analyzed a large-scale siRNA screen that measured the production of different APP proteolytic products. Our analysis identified many of the biological processes/pathways that are known to regulate APP processing and have been implicated in AD pathogenesis, as well as revealing novel regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that some of these processes differentially regulate APP processing, with some mechanisms favouring production of certain peptide species over others. For example, synaptic transmission having a bias towards regulating Aβ40 production over Aβ42 as well as processes involved in insulin and pancreatic biology having a bias for sAPPβ production over sAPPα. In addition, some of the pathways identified as regulators of APP processing contain genes (CLU, BIN1, CR1, PICALM, TREM2, SORL1, MEF2C, DSG2, EPH1A) recently implicated with AD through genome wide association studies (GWAS) and associated meta-analysis. In addition, we provide supporting evidence and a deeper mechanistic understanding of the role of diabetes in AD. The identification of these processes/pathways, their differential impact on APP processing, and their relationships to each other, provide a comprehensive systems biology view of the “regulatory landscape” of APP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Miguel Camargo
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co, Boston, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Patrick Loerch
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co, Boston, United States of America
| | | | - Shane D. Marine
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co, North Wales, United States of America
| | - Paolo Uva
- Merck Research Laboratories, Instituto di Recerca di Biologia Molecolare, Pomezia, Italy
| | - Marc Ferrer
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co, North Wales, United States of America
| | - Emanuele de Rinaldis
- Merck Research Laboratories, Instituto di Recerca di Biologia Molecolare, Pomezia, Italy
| | - David J. Stone
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co, West Point, United States of America
| | - John Majercak
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co, West Point, United States of America
| | - William J. Ray
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co, West Point, United States of America
| | - Chen Yi-An
- National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mark S. Shearman
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co, Boston, United States of America
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Abstract
Aging is accompanied by cognitive decline in a major segment of the population and is the primary risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and other prevalent neurodegenerative disorders. Despite this central role in disease pathogenesis and morbidity, the aging of the brain has not been well understood at a molecular level. This review seeks to integrate what is known about age-related cognitive and neuroanatomical changes with recent advances in understanding basic molecular mechanisms that underlie aging. An important issue is how normal brain aging transitions to pathological aging, giving rise to neurodegenerative disorders. Toxic protein aggregates have been identified as potential contributory factors, including amyloid beta-protein in Alzheimer's disease, tau in frontotemporal dementia, and alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease. However, current models of pathogenesis do not explain the origin of the common sporadic forms of these diseases or address the critical nexus between aging and disease. This review discusses potential approaches to unifying the systems biology of the aging brain with the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Yankner
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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