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Ellenbogen JB, Borton MA, McGivern BB, Cronin DR, Hoyt DW, Freire-Zapata V, McCalley CK, Varner RK, Crill PM, Wehr RA, Chanton JP, Woodcroft BJ, Tfaily MM, Tyson GW, Rich VI, Wrighton KC. Methylotrophy in the Mire: direct and indirect routes for methane production in thawing permafrost. mSystems 2024; 9:e0069823. [PMID: 38063415 PMCID: PMC10805028 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00698-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
While wetlands are major sources of biogenic methane (CH4), our understanding of resident microbial metabolism is incomplete, which compromises the prediction of CH4 emissions under ongoing climate change. Here, we employed genome-resolved multi-omics to expand our understanding of methanogenesis in the thawing permafrost peatland of Stordalen Mire in Arctic Sweden. In quadrupling the genomic representation of the site's methanogens and examining their encoded metabolism, we revealed that nearly 20% of the metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) encoded the potential for methylotrophic methanogenesis. Further, 27% of the transcriptionally active methanogens expressed methylotrophic genes; for Methanosarcinales and Methanobacteriales MAGs, these data indicated the use of methylated oxygen compounds (e.g., methanol), while for Methanomassiliicoccales, they primarily implicated methyl sulfides and methylamines. In addition to methanogenic methylotrophy, >1,700 bacterial MAGs across 19 phyla encoded anaerobic methylotrophic potential, with expression across 12 phyla. Metabolomic analyses revealed the presence of diverse methylated compounds in the Mire, including some known methylotrophic substrates. Active methylotrophy was observed across all stages of a permafrost thaw gradient in Stordalen, with the most frozen non-methanogenic palsa found to host bacterial methylotrophy and the partially thawed bog and fully thawed fen seen to house both methanogenic and bacterial methylotrophic activities. Methanogenesis across increasing permafrost thaw is thus revised from the sole dominance of hydrogenotrophic production and the appearance of acetoclastic at full thaw to consider the co-occurrence of methylotrophy throughout. Collectively, these findings indicate that methanogenic and bacterial methylotrophy may be an important and previously underappreciated component of carbon cycling and emissions in these rapidly changing wetland habitats.IMPORTANCEWetlands are the biggest natural source of atmospheric methane (CH4) emissions, yet we have an incomplete understanding of the suite of microbial metabolism that results in CH4 formation. Specifically, methanogenesis from methylated compounds is excluded from all ecosystem models used to predict wetland contributions to the global CH4 budget. Though recent studies have shown methylotrophic methanogenesis to be active across wetlands, the broad climatic importance of the metabolism remains critically understudied. Further, some methylotrophic bacteria are known to produce methanogenic by-products like acetate, increasing the complexity of the microbial methylotrophic metabolic network. Prior studies of Stordalen Mire have suggested that methylotrophic methanogenesis is irrelevant in situ and have not emphasized the bacterial capacity for metabolism, both of which we countered in this study. The importance of our findings lies in the significant advancement toward unraveling the broader impact of methylotrophs in wetland methanogenesis and, consequently, their contribution to the terrestrial global carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared B. Ellenbogen
- Department of Soil and Crop Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Mikayla A. Borton
- Department of Soil and Crop Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Bridget B. McGivern
- Department of Soil and Crop Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Dylan R. Cronin
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - David W. Hoyt
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Earth and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | | | - Carmody K. McCalley
- Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Ruth K. Varner
- Department of Earth Sciences and Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Patrick M. Crill
- Department of Geological Sciences, Bolin Center for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard A. Wehr
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jeffrey P. Chanton
- Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Ben J. Woodcroft
- Centre for Microbiome Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Malak M. Tfaily
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Gene W. Tyson
- Centre for Microbiome Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Virginia I. Rich
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kelly C. Wrighton
- Department of Soil and Crop Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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2
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Hough M, McCabe S, Vining SR, Pickering Pedersen E, Wilson RM, Lawrence R, Chang K, Bohrer G, Riley WJ, Crill PM, Varner RK, Blazewicz SJ, Dorrepaal E, Tfaily MM, Saleska SR, Rich VI. Coupling plant litter quantity to a novel metric for litter quality explains C storage changes in a thawing permafrost peatland. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:950-968. [PMID: 34727401 PMCID: PMC9298822 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Permafrost thaw is a major potential feedback source to climate change as it can drive the increased release of greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and methane (CH4 ). This carbon release from the decomposition of thawing soil organic material can be mitigated by increased net primary productivity (NPP) caused by warming, increasing atmospheric CO2 , and plant community transition. However, the net effect on C storage also depends on how these plant community changes alter plant litter quantity, quality, and decomposition rates. Predicting decomposition rates based on litter quality remains challenging, but a promising new way forward is to incorporate measures of the energetic favorability to soil microbes of plant biomass decomposition. We asked how the variation in one such measure, the nominal oxidation state of carbon (NOSC), interacts with changing quantities of plant material inputs to influence the net C balance of a thawing permafrost peatland. We found: (1) Plant productivity (NPP) increased post-thaw, but instead of contributing to increased standing biomass, it increased plant biomass turnover via increased litter inputs to soil; (2) Plant litter thermodynamic favorability (NOSC) and decomposition rate both increased post-thaw, despite limited changes in bulk C:N ratios; (3) these increases caused the higher NPP to cycle more rapidly through both plants and soil, contributing to higher CO2 and CH4 fluxes from decomposition. Thus, the increased C-storage expected from higher productivity was limited and the high global warming potential of CH4 contributed a net positive warming effect. Although post-thaw peatlands are currently C sinks due to high NPP offsetting high CO2 release, this status is very sensitive to the plant community's litter input rate and quality. Integration of novel bioavailability metrics based on litter chemistry, including NOSC, into studies of ecosystem dynamics, is needed to improve the understanding of controls on arctic C stocks under continued ecosystem transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira Hough
- Ecology & Evolutionary Biology DepartmentUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
- Department of Environmental ScienceUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Samantha McCabe
- Environmental Sciences Graduate ProgramThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - S. Rose Vining
- Department of Environmental ScienceUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Emily Pickering Pedersen
- Department of BiologyTerrestrial EcologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM)Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Rachel M. Wilson
- Florida State UniversityEarth Ocean and Atmospheric SciencesTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Ryan Lawrence
- Department of Earth Sciences and Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and SpaceUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNew HampshireUSA
| | - Kuang‐Yu Chang
- Lawrence Berkeley LaboratoryClimate and Ecosystem Sciences DivisionBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Gil Bohrer
- Civil Environmental and Geodetic EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | | | - William J. Riley
- Lawrence Berkeley LaboratoryClimate and Ecosystem Sciences DivisionBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Patrick M. Crill
- Department of Geological Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Ruth K. Varner
- Department of Earth Sciences and Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and SpaceUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNew HampshireUSA
| | | | - Ellen Dorrepaal
- Climate Impacts Research Centre—Department of Ecology and Environmental SciencesUmeå UniversityAbiskoSweden
| | - Malak M. Tfaily
- Department of Environmental ScienceUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Scott R. Saleska
- Ecology & Evolutionary Biology DepartmentUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Virginia I. Rich
- Department of Environmental ScienceUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
- Microbiology DepartmentThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Center of Microbiome ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- The Byrd Polar and Climate Research CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
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3
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Varner RK, Crill PM, Frolking S, McCalley CK, Burke SA, Chanton JP, Holmes ME, Saleska S, Palace MW. Permafrost thaw driven changes in hydrology and vegetation cover increase trace gas emissions and climate forcing in Stordalen Mire from 1970 to 2014. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2022; 380:20210022. [PMID: 34865532 PMCID: PMC8646141 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2021.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Permafrost thaw increases active layer thickness, changes landscape hydrology and influences vegetation species composition. These changes alter belowground microbial and geochemical processes, affecting production, consumption and net emission rates of climate forcing trace gases. Net carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes determine the radiative forcing contribution from these climate-sensitive ecosystems. Permafrost peatlands may be a mosaic of dry frozen hummocks, semi-thawed or perched sphagnum dominated areas, wet permafrost-free sedge dominated sites and open water ponds. We revisited estimates of climate forcing made for 1970 and 2000 for Stordalen Mire in northern Sweden and found the trend of increasing forcing continued into 2014. The Mire continued to transition from dry permafrost to sedge and open water areas, increasing by 100% and 35%, respectively, over the 45-year period, causing the net radiative forcing of Stordalen Mire to shift from negative to positive. This trend is driven by transitioning vegetation community composition, improved estimates of annual CO2 and CH4 exchange and a 22% increase in the IPCC's 100-year global warming potential (GWP_100) value for CH4. These results indicate that discontinuous permafrost ecosystems, while still remaining a net overall sink of C, can become a positive feedback to climate change on decadal timescales. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Rising methane: is warming feeding warming? (part 2)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth K. Varner
- Department of Earth Sciences, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrick M. Crill
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steve Frolking
- Department of Earth Sciences, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Carmody K. McCalley
- Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Sophia A. Burke
- Department of Earth Sciences, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Jeffrey P. Chanton
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4350, USA
| | - M. Elizabeth Holmes
- Division of Science and Math, Tallahassee Community College, 444 Appleyard Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Isogenie Project Coordinators
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Centre for Microbiome Research, School of Biomedical Science, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Scott Saleska
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Michael W. Palace
- Department of Earth Sciences, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
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4
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Emerson JB, Varner RK, Wik M, Parks DH, Neumann RB, Johnson JE, Singleton CM, Woodcroft BJ, Tollerson R, Owusu-Dommey A, Binder M, Freitas NL, Crill PM, Saleska SR, Tyson GW, Rich VI. Diverse sediment microbiota shape methane emission temperature sensitivity in Arctic lakes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5815. [PMID: 34611153 PMCID: PMC8492752 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Northern post-glacial lakes are significant, increasing sources of atmospheric carbon through ebullition (bubbling) of microbially-produced methane (CH4) from sediments. Ebullitive CH4 flux correlates strongly with temperature, reflecting that solar radiation drives emissions. However, here we show that the slope of the temperature-CH4 flux relationship differs spatially across two post-glacial lakes in Sweden. We compared these CH4 emission patterns with sediment microbial (metagenomic and amplicon), isotopic, and geochemical data. The temperature-associated increase in CH4 emissions was greater in lake middles—where methanogens were more abundant—than edges, and sediment communities were distinct between edges and middles. Microbial abundances, including those of CH4-cycling microorganisms and syntrophs, were predictive of porewater CH4 concentrations. Results suggest that deeper lake regions, which currently emit less CH4 than shallower edges, could add substantially to CH4 emissions in a warmer Arctic and that CH4 emission predictions may be improved by accounting for spatial variations in sediment microbiota. Arctic lakes are strong and increasing sources of atmospheric methane, but extreme conditions and limited observations hinder robust understanding. Here the authors show that microbes in the middle of Arctic lakes have elevated methane producing potential, and are poised to release even more in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne B Emerson
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, 496W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Ruth K Varner
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 56 College Road, Durham, NH, 03824, USA. .,Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, 8 College Road, Durham, NH, 03824, USA.
| | - Martin Wik
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Donovan H Parks
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Rebecca B Neumann
- Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, 201 More Hall, Box 352700, Seattle, WA, 98195-2700, USA
| | - Joel E Johnson
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 56 College Road, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Caitlin M Singleton
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.,Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, 9220, Denmark
| | - Ben J Woodcroft
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Rodney Tollerson
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, 496W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91106, USA
| | - Akosua Owusu-Dommey
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Parkland Hospital, 5200 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Morgan Binder
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,John C. Lincoln Health Network, 34975N North Valley Pkwy Ste 100, Phoenix, AZ, 85086, USA
| | - Nancy L Freitas
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Patrick M Crill
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Scott R Saleska
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Gene W Tyson
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.,Centre for Microbiome Research, Queensland University of Technology, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Virginia I Rich
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, 496W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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5
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Järveoja J, Nilsson MB, Crill PM, Peichl M. Bimodal diel pattern in peatland ecosystem respiration rebuts uniform temperature response. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4255. [PMID: 32848144 PMCID: PMC7449960 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18027-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate projections of climate change impacts on the vast carbon stores of northern peatlands require detailed knowledge of ecosystem respiration (ER) and its heterotrophic (Rh) and autotrophic (Ra) components. Currently, however, standard flux measurement techniques, i.e. eddy covariance and manual chambers, generate empirical ER data during only night- or daytime, respectively, which are extrapolated to the daily scale based on the paradigm that assumes a uniform diel temperature response. Here, using continuous autochamber measurements, we demonstrate a distinct bimodal pattern in diel peatland ER which contrasts the unimodal pattern inherent to the classical assumption. This feature results from divergent temperature dependencies of day- and nighttime ER due to varying contributions from Rh and Ra. We further find that disregarding these bimodal dynamics causes significant bias in ER estimates across multiple temporal scales. This calls for improved process-based understanding of ER to advance our ability to simulate peatland carbon cycle-climate feedbacks. Predicting the fate of carbon in peatlands relies on assumptions of behaviour in response to temperature. Here, the authors show that the temperature dependency of respiratory carbon losses shift strongly over day-night cycles, an overlooked facet causing bias in peatland carbon cycle simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Järvi Järveoja
- Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Mats B Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Patrick M Crill
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthias Peichl
- Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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6
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Bolduc B, Hodgkins SB, Varner RK, Crill PM, McCalley CK, Chanton JP, Tyson GW, Riley WJ, Palace M, Duhaime MB, Hough MA, Saleska SR, Sullivan MB, Rich VI. The IsoGenie database: an interdisciplinary data management solution for ecosystems biology and environmental research. PeerJ 2020. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern microbial and ecosystem sciences require diverse interdisciplinary teams that are often challenged in “speaking” to one another due to different languages and data product types. Here we introduce the IsoGenie Database (IsoGenieDB; https://isogenie-db.asc.ohio-state.edu/), a de novo developed data management and exploration platform, as a solution to this challenge of accurately representing and integrating heterogenous environmental and microbial data across ecosystem scales. The IsoGenieDB is a public and private data infrastructure designed to store and query data generated by the IsoGenie Project, a ~10 year DOE-funded project focused on discovering ecosystem climate feedbacks in a thawing permafrost landscape. The IsoGenieDB provides (i) a platform for IsoGenie Project members to explore the project’s interdisciplinary datasets across scales through the inherent relationships among data entities, (ii) a framework to consolidate and harmonize the datasets needed by the team’s modelers, and (iii) a public venue that leverages the same spatially explicit, disciplinarily integrated data structure to share published datasets. The IsoGenieDB is also being expanded to cover the NASA-funded Archaea to Atmosphere (A2A) project, which scales the findings of IsoGenie to a broader suite of Arctic peatlands, via the umbrella A2A Database (A2A-DB). The IsoGenieDB’s expandability and flexible architecture allow it to serve as an example ecosystems database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bolduc
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Ruth K. Varner
- Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Patrick M. Crill
- Department of Geological Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carmody K. McCalley
- Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey P. Chanton
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Gene W. Tyson
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - William J. Riley
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael Palace
- Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Melissa B. Duhaime
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Moira A. Hough
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Scott R. Saleska
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew B. Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Virginia I. Rich
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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7
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Thornton BF, Prytherch J, Andersson K, Brooks IM, Salisbury D, Tjernström M, Crill PM. Shipborne eddy covariance observations of methane fluxes constrain Arctic sea emissions. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaay7934. [PMID: 32064354 PMCID: PMC6989137 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay7934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate direct eddy covariance (EC) observations of methane (CH4) fluxes between the sea and atmosphere from an icebreaker in the eastern Arctic Ocean. EC-derived CH4 emissions averaged 4.58, 1.74, and 0.14 mg m-2 day-1 in the Laptev, East Siberian, and Chukchi seas, respectively, corresponding to annual sea-wide fluxes of 0.83, 0.62, and 0.03 Tg year-1. These EC results answer concerns that previous diffusive emission estimates, which excluded bubbling, may underestimate total emissions. We assert that bubbling dominates sea-air CH4 fluxes in only small constrained areas: A ~100-m2 area of the East Siberian Sea showed sea-air CH4 fluxes exceeding 600 mg m-2 day-1; in a similarly sized area of the Laptev Sea, peak CH4 fluxes were ~170 mg m-2 day-1. Calculating additional emissions below the noise level of our EC system suggests total ESAS CH4 emissions of 3.02 Tg year-1, closely matching an earlier diffusive emission estimate of 2.9 Tg year-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett F. Thornton
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Prytherch
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristian Andersson
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ian M. Brooks
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Michael Tjernström
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrick M. Crill
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Järveoja J, Nilsson MB, Gažovič M, Crill PM, Peichl M. Partitioning of the net CO 2 exchange using an automated chamber system reveals plant phenology as key control of production and respiration fluxes in a boreal peatland. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:3436-3451. [PMID: 29710420 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) drives the carbon (C) sink-source strength of northern peatlands. Since NEE represents a balance between various production and respiration fluxes, accurate predictions of its response to global changes require an in depth understanding of these underlying processes. Currently, however, detailed information of the temporal dynamics as well as the separate biotic and abiotic controls of the NEE component fluxes is lacking in peatland ecosystems. In this study, we address this knowledge gap by using an automated chamber system established across natural and trenching/vegetation removal plots to partition NEE into its production (i.e., gross and net primary production; GPP and NPP) and respiration (i.e., ecosystem, heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration; ER, Rh and Ra) fluxes in a boreal peatland in northern Sweden. Our results showed that daily NEE patterns were driven by GPP while variations in ER were governed by Ra rather than Rh. Moreover, we observed pronounced seasonal shifts in the Ra/Rh and above/belowground NPP ratios throughout the main phenological phases. Generalized linear model analysis revealed that the greenness index derived from digital images (as a proxy for plant phenology) was the strongest control of NEE, GPP and NPP while explaining considerable fractions also in the variations of ER and Ra. In addition, our data exposed greater temperature sensitivity of NPP compared to Rh resulting in enhanced C sequestration with increasing temperature. Overall, our study suggests that the temporal patterns in NEE and its component fluxes are tightly coupled to vegetation dynamics in boreal peatlands and thus challenges previous studies that commonly identify abiotic factors as key drivers. These findings further emphasize the need for integrating detailed information on plant phenology into process-based models to improve predictions of global change impacts on the peatland C cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Järvi Järveoja
- Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mats B Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Michal Gažovič
- Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Patrick M Crill
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Center for Climate Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthias Peichl
- Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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Sallstedt T, Bengtson S, Broman C, Crill PM, Canfield DE. Evidence of oxygenic phototrophy in ancient phosphatic stromatolites from the Paleoproterozoic Vindhyan and Aravalli Supergroups, India. Geobiology 2018; 16:139-159. [PMID: 29380943 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fossil microbiotas are rare in the early rock record, limiting the type of ecological information extractable from ancient microbialites. In the absence of body fossils, emphasis may instead be given to microbially derived features, such as microbialite growth patterns, microbial mat morphologies, and the presence of fossilized gas bubbles in lithified mats. The metabolic affinity of micro-organisms associated with phosphatization may reveal important clues to the nature and accretion of apatite-rich microbialites. Stromatolites from the 1.6 Ga Chitrakoot Formation (Semri Group, Vindhyan Supergroup) in central India contain abundant fossilized bubbles interspersed within fine-grained in situ-precipitated apatite mats with average δ13 Corg indicative of carbon fixation by the Calvin cycle. In addition, the mats hold a synsedimentary fossil biota characteristic of cyanobacterial and rhodophyte morphotypes. Phosphatic oncoid cone-like stromatolites from the Paleoproterozoic Aravalli Supergroup (Jhamarkotra Formation) comprise abundant mineralized bubbles enmeshed within tufted filamentous mat fabrics. Construction of these tufts is considered to be the result of filamentous bacteria gliding within microbial mats, and as fossilized bubbles within pristine mat laminae can be used as a proxy for oxygenic phototrophy, this provides a strong indication for cyanobacterial activity in the Aravalli mounds. We suggest that the activity of oxygenic phototrophs may have been significant for the formation of apatite in both Vindhyan and Aravalli stromatolites, mainly by concentrating phosphate and creating steep diurnal redox gradients within mat pore spaces, promoting apatite precipitation. The presence in the Indian stromatolites of alternating apatite-carbonate lamina may result from local variations in pH and oxygen levels caused by photosynthesis-respiration in the mats. Altogether, this study presents new insights into the ecology of ancient phosphatic stromatolites and warrants further exploration into the role of oxygen-producing biotas in the formation of Paleoproterozoic shallow-basin phosphorites.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sallstedt
- Department of Paleobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Nordic Center for Earth Evolution (NordCEE) and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - S Bengtson
- Department of Paleobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Nordic Center for Earth Evolution (NordCEE) and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - C Broman
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P M Crill
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D E Canfield
- Department of Biology, Nordic Center for Earth Evolution (NordCEE) and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Mondav R, McCalley CK, Hodgkins SB, Frolking S, Saleska SR, Rich VI, Chanton JP, Crill PM. Microbial network, phylogenetic diversity and community membership in the active layer across a permafrost thaw gradient. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:3201-3218. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon Mondav
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, LimnologyUppsala UniversityUppsala75236 Sweden
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Carmody K. McCalley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ArizonaTucson AZ 85721 USA
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and SpaceUniversity of New HampshireDurham NH 03824 USA
| | - Suzanne B. Hodgkins
- Department of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahassee FL 32306‐4320 USA
| | - Steve Frolking
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and SpaceUniversity of New HampshireDurham NH 03824 USA
| | - Scott R. Saleska
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ArizonaTucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Virginia I. Rich
- Department of Soil, Water and Environmental ScienceUniversity of ArizonaTucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Jeff P. Chanton
- Department of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahassee FL 32306‐4320 USA
| | - Patrick M. Crill
- Department of Geology and GeochemistryStockholm UniversityStockholm 10691 Sweden
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Olefeldt D, Turetsky MR, Crill PM, McGuire AD. Environmental and physical controls on northern terrestrial methane emissions across permafrost zones. Glob Chang Biol 2013; 19:589-603. [PMID: 23504795 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Methane (CH4 ) emissions from the northern high-latitude region represent potentially significant biogeochemical feedbacks to the climate system. We compiled a database of growing-season CH4 emissions from terrestrial ecosystems located across permafrost zones, including 303 sites described in 65 studies. Data on environmental and physical variables, including permafrost conditions, were used to assess controls on CH4 emissions. Water table position, soil temperature, and vegetation composition strongly influenced emissions and had interacting effects. Sites with a dense sedge cover had higher emissions than other sites at comparable water table positions, and this was an effect that was more pronounced at low soil temperatures. Sensitivity analysis suggested that CH4 emissions from ecosystems where the water table on average is at or above the soil surface (wet tundra, fen underlain by permafrost, and littoral ecosystems) are more sensitive to variability in soil temperature than drier ecosystems (palsa dry tundra, bog, and fen), whereas the latter ecosystems conversely are relatively more sensitive to changes of the water table position. Sites with near-surface permafrost had lower CH4 fluxes than sites without permafrost at comparable water table positions, a difference that was explained by lower soil temperatures. Neither the active layer depth nor the organic soil layer depth was related to CH4 emissions. Permafrost thaw in lowland regions is often associated with increased soil moisture, higher soil temperatures, and increased sedge cover. In our database, lowland thermokarst sites generally had higher emissions than adjacent sites with intact permafrost, but emissions from thermokarst sites were not statistically higher than emissions from permafrost-free sites with comparable environmental conditions. Overall, these results suggest that future changes to terrestrial high-latitude CH4 emissions will be more proximately related to changes in moisture, soil temperature, and vegetation composition than to increased availability of organic matter following permafrost thaw.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Olefeldt
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
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12
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Hines ME, Pelletier RE, Crill PM. Emissions of sulfur gases from marine and freshwater wetlands of the Florida Everglades: Rates and extrapolation using remote sensing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd03019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Santoni GW, Lee BH, Goodrich JP, Varner RK, Crill PM, McManus JB, Nelson DD, Zahniser MS, Wofsy SC. Mass fluxes and isofluxes of methane (CH4) at a New Hampshire fen measured by a continuous wave quantum cascade laser spectrometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Wik M, Crill PM, Bastviken D, Danielsson Å, Norbäck E. Bubbles trapped in arctic lake ice: Potential implications for methane emissions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jg001761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Phillips SC, Varner RK, Frolking S, Munger JW, Bubier JL, Wofsy SC, Crill PM. Interannual, seasonal, and diel variation in soil respiration relative to ecosystem respiration at a wetland to upland slope at Harvard Forest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jg000858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Phillips
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, and Department of Earth Sciences; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Ruth K. Varner
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, and Department of Earth Sciences; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Steve Frolking
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, and Department of Earth Sciences; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - J. William Munger
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Jill L. Bubier
- Environmental Studies Program; Mount Holyoke College; South Hadley Massachusetts USA
| | - Steven C. Wofsy
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Patrick M. Crill
- Department of Geology and Geochemistry; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
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Nisbet RER, Fisher R, Nimmo RH, Bendall DS, Crill PM, Gallego-Sala AV, Hornibrook ERC, López-Juez E, Lowry D, Nisbet PBR, Shuckburgh EF, Sriskantharajah S, Howe CJ, Nisbet EG. Emission of methane from plants. Proc Biol Sci 2009; 276:1347-54. [PMID: 19141418 PMCID: PMC2660970 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2008.1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that plants are capable of producing methane by a novel and unidentified biochemical pathway. Emission of methane with an apparently biological origin was recorded from both whole plants and detached leaves. This was the first report of methanogenesis in an aerobic setting, and was estimated to account for 10-45 per cent of the global methane source. Here, we show that plants do not contain a known biochemical pathway to synthesize methane. However, under high UV stress conditions, there may be spontaneous breakdown of plant material, which releases methane. In addition, plants take up and transpire water containing dissolved methane, leading to the observation that methane is released. Together with a new analysis of global methane levels from satellite retrievals, we conclude that plants are not a major source of the global methane production.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E R Nisbet
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK.
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Bäckstrand K, Crill PM, Mastepanov M, Christensen TR, Bastviken D. Total hydrocarbon flux dynamics at a subarctic mire in northern Sweden. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jg000703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Treat CC, Bubier JL, Varner RK, Crill PM. Timescale dependence of environmental and plant-mediated controls on CH4flux in a temperate fen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jg000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Goodwin KD, Varner RK, Crill PM, Oremland RS. Consumption of tropospheric levels of methyl bromide by C(1) compound-utilizing bacteria and comparison to saturation kinetics. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:5437-43. [PMID: 11722890 PMCID: PMC93327 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.12.5437-5443.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pure cultures of methylotrophs and methanotrophs are known to oxidize methyl bromide (MeBr); however, their ability to oxidize tropospheric concentrations (parts per trillion by volume [pptv]) has not been tested. Methylotrophs and methanotrophs were able to consume MeBr provided at levels that mimicked the tropospheric mixing ratio of MeBr (12 pptv) at equilibrium with surface waters ( approximately 2 pM). Kinetic investigations using picomolar concentrations of MeBr in a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) were performed using strain IMB-1 and Leisingeria methylohalidivorans strain MB2(T) - terrestrial and marine methylotrophs capable of halorespiration. First-order uptake of MeBr with no indication of threshold was observed for both strains. Strain MB2(T) displayed saturation kinetics in batch experiments using micromolar MeBr concentrations, with an apparent K(s) of 2.4 microM MeBr and a V(max) of 1.6 nmol h(-1) (10(6) cells)(-1). Apparent first-order degradation rate constants measured with the CSTR were consistent with kinetic parameters determined in batch experiments, which used 35- to 1 x 10(7)-fold-higher MeBr concentrations. Ruegeria algicola (a phylogenetic relative of strain MB2(T)), the common heterotrophs Escherichia coli and Bacillus pumilus, and a toluene oxidizer, Pseudomonas mendocina KR1, were also tested. These bacteria showed no significant consumption of 12 pptv MeBr; thus, the ability to consume ambient mixing ratios of MeBr was limited to C(1) compound-oxidizing bacteria in this study. Aerobic C(1) bacteria may provide model organisms for the biological oxidation of tropospheric MeBr in soils and waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Goodwin
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, USA.
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Shipham MC, Crill PM, Bartlett KB, Goldstein AH, Czepiel PM, Harriss RC, Blaha D. Methane measurements in central New England: An assessment of regional transport from surrounding sources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Shipham MC, Bartlett KB, Crill PM, Harriss RC, Blaha D. Atmospheric methane measurements in central New England: An analysis of the long-term trend and the seasonal and diurnal cycles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Goulden ML, Wofsy SC, Harden JW, Trumbore SE, Crill PM, Gower ST, Fries T, Daube BC, Fan S, Sutton DJ, Bazzaz A, Munger JW. Sensitivity of boreal forest carbon balance to soil thaw. Science 1998; 279:214-7. [PMID: 9422691 DOI: 10.1126/science.279.5348.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We used eddy covariance; gas-exchange chambers; radiocarbon analysis; wood, moss, and soil inventories; and laboratory incubations to measure the carbon balance of a 120-year-old black spruce forest in Manitoba, Canada. The site lost 0.3 +/- 0.5 metric ton of carbon per hectare per year (ton C ha-1 year-1) from 1994 to 1997, with a gain of 0.6 +/- 0.2 ton C ha-1 year-1 in moss and wood offset by a loss of 0.8 +/- 0.5 ton C ha-1 year-1 from the soil. The soil remained frozen most of the year, and the decomposition of organic matter in the soil increased 10-fold upon thawing. The stability of the soil carbon pool ( approximately 150 tons C ha-1) appears sensitive to the depth and duration of thaw, and climatic changes that promote thaw are likely to cause a net efflux of carbon dioxide from the site.
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Affiliation(s)
- ML Goulden
- M. L. Goulden, S. C. Wofsy, B. C. Daube, S.-M. Fan, D. J. Sutton, A. Bazzaz, J. W. Munger, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. J. W. Harden and T. Fries, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA
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Sellers PJ, Hall FG, Kelly RD, Black A, Baldocchi D, Berry J, Ryan M, Ranson KJ, Crill PM, Lettenmaier DP, Margolis H, Cihlar J, Newcomer J, Fitzjarrald D, Jarvis PG, Gower ST, Halliwell D, Williams D, Goodison B, Wickland DE, Guertin FE. BOREAS in 1997: Experiment overview, scientific results, and future directions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd03300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kerwin RA, Crill PM, Talbot RW, Hines ME, Shorter JH, Kolb CE, Harriss RC. Determination of Atmospheric Methyl Bromide by Cryotrapping-Gas Chromatography and Application to Soil Kinetic Studies Using a Dynamic Dilution System. Anal Chem 1996; 68:899-903. [DOI: 10.1021/ac950811z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A. Kerwin
- Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and Space, Complex Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, and Center for Chemical and Environmental Physics, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821
| | - Patrick M. Crill
- Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and Space, Complex Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, and Center for Chemical and Environmental Physics, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821
| | - Robert W. Talbot
- Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and Space, Complex Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, and Center for Chemical and Environmental Physics, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821
| | - Mark E. Hines
- Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and Space, Complex Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, and Center for Chemical and Environmental Physics, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821
| | - Joanne H. Shorter
- Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and Space, Complex Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, and Center for Chemical and Environmental Physics, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821
| | - Charles E. Kolb
- Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and Space, Complex Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, and Center for Chemical and Environmental Physics, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821
| | - Robert C. Harriss
- Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and Space, Complex Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, and Center for Chemical and Environmental Physics, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821
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Bartlett KB, Crill PM, Sass RL, Harriss RC, Dise NB. Methane emissions from tundra environments in the Yukon-Kuskokwim delta, Alaska. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chanton JP, Martens CS, Kelley CA, Crill PM, Showers WJ. Methane transport mechanisms and isotopic fractionation in emergent macrophytes of an Alaskan tundra lake. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/90jd01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bartlett KB, Crill PM, Bonassi JA, Richey JE, Harriss RC. Methane flux from the Amazon River floodplain: Emissions during rising water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id10p16773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Crill PM, Bartlett KB, Wilson JO, Sebacher DI, Harriss RC, Melack JM, MacIntyre S, Lesack L, Smith-Morrill L. Tropospheric methane from an Amazonian floodplain lake. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1029/jd093id02p01564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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