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Lakhan A, Thinnukool O, Groenli TM, Khuwuthyakorn P. RBEF: Ransomware Efficient Public Blockchain Framework for Digital Healthcare Application. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:s23115256. [PMID: 37299983 DOI: 10.3390/s23115256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
These days, the use of digital healthcare has been growing in practice. Getting remote healthcare services without going to the hospital for essential checkups and reports is easy. It is a cost-saving and time-saving process. However, digital healthcare systems are suffering from security and cyberattacks in practice. Blockchain technology is a promising technology that can process valid and secure remote healthcare data among different clinics. However, ransomware attacks are still complex holes in blockchain technology and prevent many healthcare data transactions during the process on the network. The study presents the new ransomware blockchain efficient framework (RBEF) for digital networks, which can identify transaction ransomware attacks. The objective is to minimize transaction delays and processing costs during ransomware attack detection and processing. The RBEF is designed based on Kotlin, Android, Java, and socket programming on the remote process call. RBEF integrated the cuckoo sandbox static and dynamic analysis application programming interface (API) to handle compile-time and runtime ransomware attacks in digital healthcare networks. Therefore, code-, data-, and service-level ransomware attacks are to be detected in blockchain technology (RBEF). The simulation results show that the RBEF minimizes transaction delays between 4 and 10 min and processing costs by 10% for healthcare data compared to existing public and ransomware efficient blockchain technologies healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Lakhan
- School of Economics, Innovation and Technology, and Kristiania University College, 0107 Oslo, Norway
| | - Orawit Thinnukool
- Embedded System and Computational Science, College of Arts, Media and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Tor Morten Groenli
- School of Economics, Innovation and Technology, and Kristiania University College, 0107 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pattaraporn Khuwuthyakorn
- RSISE, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
- College of Arts and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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2
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Lakhan A, Morten Groenli T, Majumdar A, Khuwuthyakorn P, Hussain Khoso F, Thinnukool O. Potent Blockchain-Enabled Socket RPC Internet of Healthcare Things (IoHT) Framework for Medical Enterprises. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22124346. [PMID: 35746127 PMCID: PMC9227973 DOI: 10.3390/s22124346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Present-day intelligent healthcare applications offer digital healthcare services to users in a distributed manner. The Internet of Healthcare Things (IoHT) is the mechanism of the Internet of Things (IoT) found in different healthcare applications, with devices that are attached to external fog cloud networks. Using different mobile applications connecting to cloud computing, the applications of the IoHT are remote healthcare monitoring systems, high blood pressure monitoring, online medical counseling, and others. These applications are designed based on a client-server architecture based on various standards such as the common object request broker (CORBA), a service-oriented architecture (SOA), remote method invocation (RMI), and others. However, these applications do not directly support the many healthcare nodes and blockchain technology in the current standard. Thus, this study devises a potent blockchain-enabled socket RPC IoHT framework for medical enterprises (e.g., healthcare applications). The goal is to minimize service costs, blockchain security costs, and data storage costs in distributed mobile cloud networks. Simulation results show that the proposed blockchain-enabled socket RPC minimized the service cost by 40%, the blockchain cost by 49%, and the storage cost by 23% for healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Lakhan
- Department of Computer Science, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 74800, Pakistan; (A.L.); (F.H.K.)
- Mobile Technology Lab (MOTEL), Department of Technology, Kristiania University College, Kirkegata 24-26, 0153 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Tor Morten Groenli
- Mobile Technology Lab (MOTEL), Department of Technology, Kristiania University College, Kirkegata 24-26, 0153 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Arnab Majumdar
- Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | | | - Fida Hussain Khoso
- Department of Computer Science, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 74800, Pakistan; (A.L.); (F.H.K.)
| | - Orawit Thinnukool
- College of Arts and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
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Lakhan A, Sodhro AH, Majumdar A, Khuwuthyakorn P, Thinnukool O. A Lightweight Secure Adaptive Approach for Internet-of-Medical-Things Healthcare Applications in Edge-Cloud-Based Networks. Sensors 2022; 22:s22062379. [PMID: 35336549 PMCID: PMC8956015 DOI: 10.3390/s22062379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Mobile-cloud-based healthcare applications are increasingly growing in practice. For instance, healthcare, transport, and shopping applications are designed on the basis of the mobile cloud. For executing mobile-cloud applications, offloading and scheduling are fundamental mechanisms. However, mobile healthcare workflow applications with these methods are widely ignored, demanding applications in various aspects for healthcare monitoring, live healthcare service, and biomedical firms. However, these offloading and scheduling schemes do not consider the workflow applications’ execution in their models. This paper develops a lightweight secure efficient offloading scheduling (LSEOS) metaheuristic model. LSEOS consists of light weight, and secure offloading and scheduling methods whose execution offloading delay is less than that of existing methods. The objective of LSEOS is to run workflow applications on other nodes and minimize the delay and security risk in the system. The metaheuristic LSEOS consists of the following components: adaptive deadlines, sorting, and scheduling with neighborhood search schemes. Compared to current strategies for delay and security validation in a model, computational results revealed that the LSEOS outperformed all available offloading and scheduling methods for process applications by 10% security ratio and by 29% regarding delays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Lakhan
- Department of Computer Science, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 74800, Pakistan;
- College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ali Hassan Sodhro
- Department of Computer Science, Kristianstad University, SE-291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden;
| | - Arnab Majumdar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | | | - Orawit Thinnukool
- College of Arts, Media, and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Correspondence:
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Alyasseri ZAA, Alomari OA, Papa JP, Al-Betar MA, Abdulkareem KH, Mohammed MA, Kadry S, Thinnukool O, Khuwuthyakorn P. EEG Channel Selection Based User Identification via Improved Flower Pollination Algorithm. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22062092. [PMID: 35336263 PMCID: PMC8951312 DOI: 10.3390/s22062092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The electroencephalogram (EEG) introduced a massive potential for user identification. Several studies have shown that EEG provides unique features in addition to typical strength for spoofing attacks. EEG provides a graphic recording of the brain’s electrical activity that electrodes can capture on the scalp at different places. However, selecting which electrodes should be used is a challenging task. Such a subject is formulated as an electrode selection task that is tackled by optimization methods. In this work, a new approach to select the most representative electrodes is introduced. The proposed algorithm is a hybrid version of the Flower Pollination Algorithm and β-Hill Climbing optimizer called FPAβ-hc. The performance of the FPAβ-hc algorithm is evaluated using a standard EEG motor imagery dataset. The experimental results show that the FPAβ-hc can utilize less than half of the electrode numbers, achieving more accurate results than seven other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Abdi Alkareem Alyasseri
- ECE Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, Najaf 54001, Iraq;
- Information Technology Research and Development Center (ITRDC), University of Kufa, Najaf 54001, Iraq
| | - Osama Ahmad Alomari
- MLALP Research Group, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - João P. Papa
- Department of Computing, UNESP—São Paulo State University, Bauru 19060-560, Brazil;
| | - Mohammed Azmi Al-Betar
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center (AIRC), College of Engineering and Information Technology, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 20550, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Information Technology, Al-Huson University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Huson, Irbid 21110, Jordan
| | | | - Mazin Abed Mohammed
- College of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Anbar, Ramadi 31001, Iraq;
| | - Seifedine Kadry
- Department of Applied Data Science, Norrof University College, 4608 Kristiansand, Norway;
| | - Orawit Thinnukool
- College of Arts, Media, and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Pattaraporn Khuwuthyakorn
- College of Arts, Media, and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Correspondence:
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Nimmolrat A, Khuwuthyakorn P, Wientong P, Thinnukool O. Pharmaceutical mobile application for visually-impaired people in Thailand: development and implementation. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2021; 21:217. [PMID: 34271932 PMCID: PMC8283832 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-021-01573-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most mobile pharmaceutical applications produced for people with visual disabilities in Thailand fail to meet the required standard due to poor-quality regulations, defective design, lack of user support and impracticality; as a result, visually-impaired people are unable to use them. This research is motivated by the limited use of this technology in primary medical services and its aim is to enable people with disabilities to access effective digital health information. The research objective is to analyse, design and develop a mobile pharmaceutical application with functions that are appropriate for visually-impaired users, and test its usability. RESULTS Based on the design and development of the application, it contained five necessary functions. When testing the usability and users' satisfaction, it was found that the input or fill of information in the application was of low usability. According to the test results, the medicinal database function was missing 71 times and the voice command function was missing 34 times. Based on users' satisfaction results, users who had the highest level of usage gave higher average scores to users' attitude, users' confidence, user interface and system performance than those with lower levels of usage. The scores of both groups were found to be the same when discussing the implementation of the development. CONCLUSIONS This mobile application, which was developed based on the use of smart technology, will play an important role in supporting visually-impaired people in Thailand by enhancing the efficacy of self-care. The design and development of the application will ensure the suitability of many functions for visually-impaired users. However, despite the high functional capacity of the application, the gap in healthcare services between the general public and disabled groups will still exist if users have inadequate IT skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acrapol Nimmolrat
- College of Arts, Media and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Purida Wientong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Orawit Thinnukool
- Research Group of Embedded Systems and Mobile Application in Health Science, College of Arts, Media and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Sutham K, Khuwuthyakorn P, Thinnukool O. Thailand medical mobile application for patients triage base on criteria based dispatch protocol. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2020; 20:66. [PMID: 32272928 PMCID: PMC7147000 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-020-1075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Before patients are admitted into the emergency department, it is important to undertake a pre-hospital process, both in terms of treatment performance and a request for resources from an emergency unit. The existing system to triage patients in Thailand is not functioning to its full capacity in either the primary medical system or pre-hospital treatment with shortcomings in the areas of speed, features, and appropriate systems. There is a high possibility of issuing a false Initial Dispatch Code (IDC), which will cause the over or underutilisation of emergency resources, such as rescue teams, community hospitals and emergency medical volunteers. METHODS A usability system design, together with a reliability test, was applied to develop an application to optimise the pre-hospital process, specifically to sort patients, using an IDC to improve the request for emergency resources. The triage mobile application was developed on both iOS and Android operating systems to support patient triage based on Criteria Based Dispatch (CBD). The 25 main symptom categories covered by CBD were used to design and develop the application, and 12 emergency medical staff, including doctors and nurses, were asked to test the system in the aspects of triage protocol correction, triage reliability, usability and user satisfaction. RESULTS The results of testing the proposed triage application were compared with the time used to triage by experienced staff and it was found that, in non-trauma cases, it was faster and more effective to use the application for emergency operations and to correct the IDC code representation. CONCLUSIONS The triage application will be utilised to support the pre-hospital process and to classify patients' conditions before they are admitted to the Emergency Department (ED). The application is suitable for users who are not medical emergency staff. Patients with non-trauma symptoms may be a suitable group to use the application in terms of time used to identify IDC for their own symptoms. The use of the application can be beneficial for those who wish to self-identify their symptoms before requesting medical services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krongkarn Sutham
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Pattaraporn Khuwuthyakorn
- Research Group of Embedded Systems and Mobile Application in Health Science, College of Arts, Media and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Orawit Thinnukool
- Research Group of Embedded Systems and Mobile Application in Health Science, College of Arts, Media and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
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Rittiwat W, Khuwuthyakorn P, Suriyachan P, Kamnardsiri T, Janchai W. Requirement analysis to design the knowledge-based system for long jump coaching. IJKMS 2019. [DOI: 10.1504/ijkms.2019.10020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kamnardsiri T, Janchai W, Khuwuthyakorn P, Suriyachan P, Rittiwat W. Requirement analysis to design the knowledge-based system for long jump coaching. IJKMS 2019. [DOI: 10.1504/ijkms.2019.099120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Thinnukool O, Khuwuthyakorn P, Sittichai R. The Use of Cyberbullying Mobile Application to Increase Perceived Knowledge of Cyberbullying Among Adolescents. Int J Innovation Technol Management 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219877018500293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a research-based mobile application to increase perceived knowledge of Thai adolescents on cyberbullying. The proposed mobile application is called Cyberbullying Mobile Application (CBMA) which is the first research-based CBMA developed in Thailand. The research focused on the lack of adolescent perceived knowledge on the above, at the undergraduate level. Two hundred and fifty-three samples were surveyed from high schools and universities. After releasing the CBMA for real use to the same group of users as the samples, the study found that users appreciated it and had confidence in the application; while in some cases, users claimed they would use it in their lives. The CBAM and questionnaire outcomes were analyzed by using independent sample [Formula: see text]-test analysis on [Formula: see text] program to test hypothesis. Therefore, the CBMA is an appropriate tool recommended for adolescents to educate themselves to handle and be aware of cyberbullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orawit Thinnukool
- Department of Modern Management and Information Technology, College of Arts, Media and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pattaraporn Khuwuthyakorn
- Department of Modern Management and Information Technology, College of Arts, Media and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ruthaychonnee Sittichai
- Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Muang, Pattani 94000, Thailand
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