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van Cruchten RTP, van As D, Glennon JC, van Engelen BGM, 't Hoen PAC, Wenninger S, Daidj F, Cumming S, Littleford R, Monckton DG, Lochmüller H, Catt M, Faber CG, Hapca A, Donnan PT, Gorman G, Bassez G, Schoser B, Knoop H, Treweek S, Wansink DG, Impens F, Gabriels R, Claeys T, Ravel-Chapuis A, Jasmin BJ, Mahon N, Nieuwenhuis S, Martens L, Novak P, Furling D, Baak A, Gourdon G, MacKenzie A, Martinat C, Neault N, Roos A, Duchesne E, Salz R, Thompson R, Baghdoyan S, Varghese AM, Blom P, Spendiff S, Manta A. Clinical improvement of DM1 patients reflected by reversal of disease-induced gene expression in blood. BMC Med 2022; 20:395. [PMID: 36352383 PMCID: PMC9646470 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an incurable multisystem disease caused by a CTG-repeat expansion in the DM1 protein kinase (DMPK) gene. The OPTIMISTIC clinical trial demonstrated positive and heterogenous effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on the capacity for activity and social participations in DM1 patients. Through a process of reverse engineering, this study aims to identify druggable molecular biomarkers associated with the clinical improvement in the OPTIMISTIC cohort. METHODS Based on full blood samples collected during OPTIMISTIC, we performed paired mRNA sequencing for 27 patients before and after the CBT intervention. Linear mixed effect models were used to identify biomarkers associated with the disease-causing CTG expansion and the mean clinical improvement across all clinical outcome measures. RESULTS We identified 608 genes for which their expression was significantly associated with the CTG-repeat expansion, as well as 1176 genes significantly associated with the average clinical response towards the intervention. Remarkably, all 97 genes associated with both returned to more normal levels in patients who benefited the most from CBT. This main finding has been replicated based on an external dataset of mRNA data of DM1 patients and controls, singling these genes out as candidate biomarkers for therapy response. Among these candidate genes were DNAJB12, HDAC5, and TRIM8, each belonging to a protein family that is being studied in the context of neurological disorders or muscular dystrophies. Across the different gene sets, gene pathway enrichment analysis revealed disease-relevant impaired signaling in, among others, insulin-, metabolism-, and immune-related pathways. Furthermore, evidence for shared dysregulations with another neuromuscular disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, was found, suggesting a partial overlap in blood-based gene dysregulation. CONCLUSIONS DM1-relevant disease signatures can be identified on a molecular level in peripheral blood, opening new avenues for drug discovery and therapy efficacy assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco T P van Cruchten
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël van As
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey C Glennon
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Baziel G M van Engelen
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A C 't Hoen
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Nieuwenhuis S, Okkersen K, Widomska J, Blom P, 't Hoen PAC, van Engelen B, Glennon JC. Insulin Signaling as a Key Moderator in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1229. [PMID: 31849810 PMCID: PMC6901991 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by multi-system involvement. Affected organ system includes skeletal muscle, heart, gastro-intestinal system and the brain. In this review, we evaluate the evidence for alterations in insulin signaling and their relation to clinical DM1 features. We start by summarizing the molecular pathophysiology of DM1. Next, an overview of normal insulin signaling physiology is given, and evidence for alterations herein in DM1 is presented. Clinically, evidence for involvement of insulin signaling pathways in DM1 is based on the increased incidence of insulin resistance seen in clinical practice and recent trial evidence of beneficial effects of metformin on muscle function. Indirectly, further support may be derived from certain CNS derived symptoms characteristic of DM1, such as obsessive-compulsive behavior features, for which links with altered insulin signaling has been demonstrated in other diseases. At the basic scientific level, several pathophysiological mechanisms that operate in DM1 may compromise normal insulin signaling physiology. The evidence presented here reflects the importance of insulin signaling in relation to clinical features of DM1 and justifies further basic scientific and clinical, therapeutically oriented research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Nieuwenhuis
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Kees Okkersen
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Joanna Widomska
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Paul Blom
- VDL Enabling Technologies Group B.V., Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Peter A C 't Hoen
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Baziel van Engelen
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey C Glennon
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Abstract
Despite increasing awareness regarding the role of oscillating migration in the mining industry as a major driving force in the spread of tuberculosis (TB) throughout southern Africa, very little work has focused on the historical and contextual factors which may contribute to former migrant miners' present-day risk of TB. Most research regarding migration-related and occupational influences on TB has been done on current miners still employed by the mining industry. Through both a historical and contemporary lens, this paper explores and elucidates the need to address the TB epidemic among former migrant mine workers and provides considerations to improve current interventions among this critical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Smith
- 1 Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paul Blom
- 2 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Willemse SB, Bezuur DL, Blom P, Kneppers E, Verheij J, Zaaijer HL, Hazenberg MD. Hepatitis E virus infection and hepatic GvHD in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients. Bone Marrow Transplant 2016; 52:622-624. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2016.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Diliën H, Palmaerts A, Lenes M, de Boer B, Blom P, Cleij TJ, Lutsen L, Vanderzande D. A deeper Insight into the Dithiocarbamate Precursor Route: Synthesis of Soluble Poly(thienylene vinylene) Derivatives for Photovoltaic Applications. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102101e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Diliën
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Universitaire Campus, Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Arne Palmaerts
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Universitaire Campus, Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Martijn Lenes
- Molecular Electronics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bert de Boer
- Molecular Electronics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Blom
- Molecular Electronics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J. Cleij
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Universitaire Campus, Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lutsen
- IMEC, Division IMOMEC, Universitaire Campus, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vanderzande
- Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Universitaire Campus, Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMEC, Division IMOMEC, Universitaire Campus, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Littorin B, Blom P, Schölin A, Arnqvist HJ, Blohmé G, Bolinder J, Ekbom-Schnell A, Eriksson JW, Gudbjörnsdottir S, Nyström L, Ostman J, Sundkvist G. Lower levels of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D among young adults at diagnosis of autoimmune type 1 diabetes compared with control subjects: results from the nationwide Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden (DISS). Diabetologia 2006; 49:2847-52. [PMID: 17072585 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-006-0426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2006] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Low plasma vitamin D concentrations may promote the development of type 1 diabetes. To test this hypothesis, we measured plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) in young adults with type 1 diabetes. METHODS The nationwide Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden (DISS) covers 15- to 34-year-old people with newly diagnosed diabetes. Blood samples at diagnosis were collected during the 2-year period 1987/1988. Patients with islet antibodies (islet cell antibodies, GAD antibodies or tyrosine phosphatase-like protein antibodies) were defined as having autoimmune type 1 diabetes. Plasma 25OHD was measured in samples taken from 459 patients at the time of diagnosis, and in 138 of these subjects 8 years later. The results were compared with age- and sex-matched control subjects (n=208). RESULTS At diagnosis, plasma 25OHD levels were significantly lower in patients with type 1 diabetes than in control subjects (82.5+/-1.3 vs 96.7+/-2.0 nmol/l; p<0.0001). Eight years later, plasma 25OHD had decreased in patients (81.5+/-2.6 nmol/l; p=0.04). Plasma 25OHD levels were significantly lower in diabetic men than in diabetic women at diagnosis (77.9+/-1.4 vs 90.1+/-2.4 nmol/l; p<0.0001) and at follow-up (77.1+/-2.8 nmol/l vs 87.2+/-4.5 nmol/l; p=0.048). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The plasma 25OHD level was lower at diagnosis of autoimmune type 1 diabetes than in control subjects, and may have a role in the development of type 1 diabetes. Plasma 25OHD levels were lower in men than in women with type 1 diabetes. This difference may be relevant to the high incidence of type 1 diabetes among young adult men.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Littorin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Lund, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
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Robitschek J, Blom P, Sheridan MF. P043: Arterial Stent Used to Treat Cancer Induced Carotid Blowout. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2006.06.1074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Blom
- Honolulu HI; Huntington WV; Huntington WV
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Blom P, Korona M, Haikal L. Platelet receptors. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2006; 27:8-9; author reply 9. [PMID: 16418346 PMCID: PMC7976080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
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Stingelin-Stutzmann N, Smits E, Wondergem H, Tanase C, Blom P, Smith P, de Leeuw D. Organic thin-film electronics from vitreous solution-processed rubrene hypereutectics. Nat Mater 2005; 4:601-6. [PMID: 16025124 DOI: 10.1038/nmat1426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2005] [Accepted: 05/23/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Electronic devices based on single crystals of organic semiconductors provide powerful means for studying intrinsic charge-transport phenomena and their fundamental electronic limits. However, for technological exploitation, it is imperative not to be confined to the tedious growth and cumbersome manipulation of molecular crystals-which generally show notoriously poor mechanical properties-but to be able to process such materials into robust architectures by simple and efficient means. Here, we advance a general route for facile fabrication of thin-film devices from solution. The key beneficial feature of our process-and the principal difference from existing vapour deposition and solution-processing schemes-is the incorporation of a glass-inducing diluent that enables controlled crystallization from an initial vitreous state of the organic semiconductor, formed in a selected area of the phase diagram of the two constituents. We find that the vitrifying diluent does not adversely affect device performance. Indeed, our environmentally stable, discrete rubrene-based transistors rival amorphous silicon devices, reaching saturated mobilities of up to 0.7 cm2 V-1 s-1, ON-OFF ratios of >or=10(6) and subthreshold slopes as steep as 0.5 V per decade. A nearly temperature-independent device mobility, indicative of a high crystalline quality of our solution-processed, rubrene-based films, corroborates these findings. Inverter and ring-oscillator structures are also demonstrated.
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Abstract
N-Benzoyloxy-2-thiopyridone (12) was shown to induce single-strand nicks in duplex DNA upon irradiation with visible light (lambda&350 nm). This finding led to the design of a series of compounds, in which an acridinyl nucleus was covalently linked to the N-benzoyloxy-2-thiopyridone unit. These conjugates (15, 16, 17 and 18) were synthesized and evaluated as novel DNA photocleaving reagents. Optimal photocleaving activity was observed for conjugate 16, in which a flexible polymethylene spacer of 4 carbons was used to connect the aminoacridine entity to the thiopyridone. This compound was shown to cleave DNA at low microM concentrations and was approximately two-orders of magnitude more efficient than the parent N-benzoyloxy-2-thiopyridone (12). Furthermore, the DNA cleavage ladders induced by 16 and 12 were found to be identical and of no significant sequence selectivity. These data suggest that the N-aroyloxy-2-thiopyridones can be used for the design of new DNA photocleaving reagents with potential use as 'photofootprinting agents' or as 'site-directed photonucleases'.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Blom
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92093, USA
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12
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Slettevold L, Blom P, Hviding E, Andrew E. [Research and development of the Norwegian drug industry in 1995]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 1997; 117:1812. [PMID: 9213998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Hellsten G, Boman K, Bjerle P, Blom P, Nilsson TK. Increased plasminogen activator inhibitor and tissue plasminogen activator levels in subjects with electrocardiographic abnormality indicative of ischaemic heart disease: a cross-sectional study in Norsjö, Sweden. Eur Heart J 1992; 13:57-60. [PMID: 1577032 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma levels of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) antigen concentration and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity were measured in a random sample of 260 subjects, 30, 40, 50, or 60 years of age. Electrocardiographic Q, ST and/or ST-T changes, suggestive of definite or possible ischaemic heart disease (IHD), were found in 21% of the 50-year-old and 37% of the 60-year-old subjects. As compared to subjects lacking such signs, plasma tPA and PAI levels were significantly increased in the 60-year-old group, and PAI tended to be increased in the 50-year-old group. Previous case-control studies, usually performed at specialized centres and liable to sampling biases, have suggested an association between increased PAI levels and ischaemic heart disease. This cross-sectional population study provides independent data that patients with electrocardiographic signs of IHD have increased levels of both PAI and tPA antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hellsten
- Primary Health Care Center, Norsjö, Sweden
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14
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Blom P. [Stevens-Johnson syndrome as a complication in tuberculosis treatment with thioacetazon]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1991; 135:2492-3. [PMID: 1722029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Blom
- Manama Hospital, Gwanda, Zimbabwe
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Abstract
Orchiectomy was performed in 16 patients because of progression of prostatic cancer despite adequate medical castration with goserelin (Zoladex, ICI) over a mean period of 17.6 months. Severe tubular atrophy was seen in the testes. The Leydig cells also showed signs of atrophy, a fact that may indicate a direct effect of goserelin on these cells. In 1 patient, however, orchiectomy was postponed for 3 months after cessation of medical castration. The serum testosterone had resumed almost normal values and testicular histology revealed intact spermatogenesis and apparently normal Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Johansen
- Department of Urology, Akershus Central Hospital, Nordbyhagen, Norway
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16
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Johansen TE, Klevmark B, Blom P. [Fibroepithelial polyps of the ureter]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 1985; 105:2384-6. [PMID: 4082155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Abstract
A retrospective study of 36 patients with primary retroperitoneal sarcomas treated at The Norwegian Radium Hospital is presented. The median age at presentation was 57 years. The most common presenting symptom was abdominal pain. Leiomyosarcoma and liposarcoma were the most common histologic subtypes. The median survival in the whole series was 25 months. Patients with completely resected tumors had a longer median survival (59 months) than patients with incomplete resection (16 months) but the difference was not statistically significant. The malignancy grade seemed to be the most important prognostic factor and patients with low grade tumors had a significantly better outlook than those with high grade tumors.
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Sejersted OM, Hargens AR, Kardel KR, Blom P, Jensen O, Hermansen L. Intramuscular fluid pressure during isometric contraction of human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 1984; 56:287-95. [PMID: 6706739 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1984.56.2.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Intramuscular fluid pressures were recorded in the vastus medialis of seven healthy male volunteers. Pressures were measured simultaneously at three different sites in the muscle by a catheter-tip transducer with extremely low volume-displacement characteristics and by two extracorporeal transducers connected to slit catheters. All three recording systems gave qualitatively similar results provided the catheters had inner diameters exceeding 0.53 mm and allowed measurement of pressures lasting as short as 1 s. Wick catheters yielded slower responses than slit catheters. At any position intramuscular fluid pressure increased linearly with force up to maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). However, slopes of these curves varied greatly mainly because the pressure was also a linear function of the distance from the fascia. The highest recorded pressure was 570 Torr. At prolonged submaximal contractions intramuscular fluid pressure oscillated independent of contraction force. The linearity of both the pressure-force relationship and the pressure-depth relationship is compatible with a simple model based on the law of Laplace because the muscle fibers are curved during contraction in this muscle. It is hypothesized that blood flow is first compromised deep in the muscle where pressure is highest and in general at lower stress or tension in short bulging muscles with great curvature of the fibers compared with long slender ones.
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Blom P, Vaage O, Kardel K, M??hlum S, Hermansen L. EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CARBOHYDRATES ON THE RATE OF MUSCLE GLYCOGEN RESYNTHESIS AFTER PROLONGED EXERCISE. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1982. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-198202000-00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Two cases of congenital anomalies, one cyst and one sinus, presenting in the suprasternal notch are reported. No communication with deeper structures was found at surgery, and histology was compatible with previous descriptions of subcutaneous bronchogenic cysts. The literature is reviewed, and the similarity between these lesions and many cases of branchial fistula is stressed.
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