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Alpren C, Dawson EL, John B, Cranston K, Panneer N, Fukuda HD, Roosevelt K, Klevens RM, Bryant J, Peters PJ, Lyss SB, Switzer WM, Burrage A, Murray A, Agnew-Brune C, Stiles T, McClung P, Campbell EM, Breen C, Randall LM, Dasgupta S, Onofrey S, Bixler D, Hampton K, Jaeger JL, Hsu KK, Adih W, Callis B, Goldman LR, Danner SP, Jia H, Tumpney M, Board A, Brown C, DeMaria A, Buchacz K. Opioid Use Fueling HIV Transmission in an Urban Setting: An Outbreak of HIV Infection Among People Who Inject Drugs-Massachusetts, 2015-2018. Am J Public Health 2019; 110:37-44. [PMID: 31725317 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2019.305366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. To describe and control an outbreak of HIV infection among people who inject drugs (PWID).Methods. The investigation included people diagnosed with HIV infection during 2015 to 2018 linked to 2 cities in northeastern Massachusetts epidemiologically or through molecular analysis. Field activities included qualitative interviews regarding service availability and HIV risk behaviors.Results. We identified 129 people meeting the case definition; 116 (90%) reported injection drug use. Molecular surveillance added 36 cases to the outbreak not otherwise linked. The 2 largest molecular groups contained 56 and 23 cases. Most interviewed PWID were homeless. Control measures, including enhanced field epidemiology, syringe services programming, and community outreach, resulted in a significant decline in new HIV diagnoses.Conclusions. We illustrate difficulties with identification and characterization of an outbreak of HIV infection among a population of PWID and the value of an intensive response.Public Health Implications. Responding to and preventing outbreaks requires ongoing surveillance, with timely detection of increases in HIV diagnoses, community partnerships, and coordinated services, all critical to achieving the goal of the national Ending the HIV Epidemic initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Alpren
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Erica L Dawson
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Betsey John
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Kevin Cranston
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Nivedha Panneer
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - H Dawn Fukuda
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Kathleen Roosevelt
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - R Monina Klevens
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Janice Bryant
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Philip J Peters
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Sheryl B Lyss
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - William M Switzer
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Amanda Burrage
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Ashley Murray
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Christine Agnew-Brune
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Tracy Stiles
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Paul McClung
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Ellsworth M Campbell
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Courtney Breen
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Liisa M Randall
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Sharoda Dasgupta
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Shauna Onofrey
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Danae Bixler
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Kischa Hampton
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Jenifer Leaf Jaeger
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Katherine K Hsu
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - William Adih
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Barry Callis
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Linda R Goldman
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Susie P Danner
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Hongwei Jia
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Matthew Tumpney
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Amy Board
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Catherine Brown
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Alfred DeMaria
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Kate Buchacz
- Charles Alpren and Amanda Burrage are with the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA. Philip J. Peters, Sheryl B. Lyss, William M. Switzer, Ashley Murray, Christine Agnew-Brune, Erica L. Dawson, Nivedha Panneer, Paul McClung, Ellsworth M. Campbell, Sharoda Dasgupta, Kischa Hampton, William Adih, Susie P. Danner, Hongwei Jia, and Kate Buchacz are with the Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP), CDC. Betsey John, Kevin Cranston, H. Dawn Fukuda, Kathleen Roosevelt, R. Monina Klevens, Janice Bryant, Tracy Stiles, Courtney Breen, Liisa M. Randall, Shauna Onofrey, Katherine K. Hsu, Barry Callis, Linda R. Goldman, Matthew Tumpney, Catherine Brown, and Alfred DeMaria Jr are with the Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA. Danae Bixler is with the Division of Viral Hepatitis, NCHHSTP, CDC. Jenifer Leaf Jaeger is with the Infectious Disease Bureau, Boston Public Health Commission, Boston. Amy Board is with the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
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