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Puga MAM, Bandeira LM, Weis SMDS, Fernandes FRP, Castro LS, Tanaka TSO, Rezende GRD, Teles SA, Castro VDOLD, Murat PG, Capelin GJM, Motta-Castro ARC. High-risk behaviors for hepatitis B and C infections among female sex workers. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2018; 51:198-202. [PMID: 29768553 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0231-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C and risk behaviors among 402 female sex workers in Central Brazil were investigated by respondent-driven sampling. METHODS Blood samples were tested for hepatitis B and C markers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Two hepatitis B vaccination schedules were performed. RESULTS The prevalence of hepatitis B and C infections were 9.3% and 0.5%, respectively. Susceptibility to hepatitis B infection was observed in 61.5% of subjects. There was no significant difference in adherence index (p=0.52) between vaccination schedules and all participants had protective antibody titers. CONCLUSIONS This hard-to-reach population requires hepatitis B and C surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio Moreira Puga
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Larissa Melo Bandeira
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Sabrina Moreira Dos Santos Weis
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Rodas Pires Fernandes
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Lisie Souza Castro
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Tayana Serpa Ortiz Tanaka
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Grazielli Rocha de Rezende
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Sheila Araújo Teles
- Departamento de Enfermagem, Faculdade de Enfermagem e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - Vivianne de Oliveira Landgraf de Castro
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Paula Guerra Murat
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Gina Jonasson Mousquer Capelin
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Ana Rita Coimbra Motta-Castro
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
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Falcão de Oliveira E, Oshiro ET, Fernandes WDS, Murat PG, de Medeiros MJ, Souza AI, de Oliveira AG, Galati EAB. Experimental infection and transmission of Leishmania by Lutzomyia cruzi (Diptera: Psychodidae): Aspects of the ecology of parasite-vector interactions. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005401. [PMID: 28234913 PMCID: PMC5342273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several parameters should be addressed before incriminating a vector for Leishmania transmission. Those may include its ability to become infected by the same Leishmania species found in humans, the degree of attractiveness for reservoirs and humans and capacity to sustain parasite infection under laboratory conditions. This study evaluated the vectorial capacity of Lutzomyia cruzi for Leishmania infantum and gathered information on its ability to harbor L. amazonensis. Laboratory-reared Lu. cruzi were infected experimentally by feeding them on dogs infected naturally with L. infantum and hamsters infected with L. amazonensis. Sand fly attractiveness to dogs and humans was determined using wild caught insects. The expected daily survival of infected Lu. cruzi, the duration of the gonotrophic cycle, and the extrinsic incubation period were also investigated for both parasites. Vector competence was investigated for both Leishmania species. The mean proportion of female sand flies that fed on hosts was 0.40. For L. infantum and L. amazonensis, Lu. cruzi had experimental infection rates of 10.55% and 41.56%, respectively. The extrinsic incubation period was 3 days for both Leishmania species, regardless of the host. Survival expectancy of females infected with L. infantum and L. amazonensis after completing the gonotrophic cycle was 1.32 and 0.43, respectively. There was no association between L. infantum infection and sand fly longevity, but L. amazonensis–infected flies had significantly greater survival probabilities. Furthermore, egg-laying was significantly detrimental to survival. Lu. cruzi was found to be highly attracted to both dogs and humans. After a bloodmeal on experimentally infected hosts, both parasites were able to survive and develop late-stage infections in Lu. cruzi. However, transmission was demonstrated only for L. amazonensis–infected sand flies. In conclusion, Lu. cruzi fulfilled several of the requirements of vectorial capacity for L. infantum transmission. Moreover, it was also permissive to L. amazonensis. Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by the Leishmania parasite. It is transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies when infected females take a bloodmeal from a mammalian host. The transmission of Leishmania species involves complex ecological interactions between parasite–vector and vector–host. Until recently, the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis, which belongs to a species complex, had been solely incriminated in Latin American transmission of Leishmania infantum. However, there are still uncertainties concerning the L. infantum transmission, especially in an urban area endemic for visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Along the years, Lutzomyia cruzi has been suspected of transmitting L. infantum in Corumbá and vicinity, and this study aimed to provide more accurate evidence of this phenomenon. Laboratory-reared Lu. cruzi were infected experimentally by allowing them to feed on dogs naturally infected with L. infantum and on hamsters infected with L. amazonensis. Our results identified important life cycle parameters of Lu. cruzi infected by Leishmania in laboratory conditions. We identified the components related to vectorial capacity, and also the vector incrimination criteria of Lu. cruzi for L. infantum. Additionally, we demonstrated the experimental transmission of L. amazonensis by Lu. cruzi to a naïve host, and revealed strong evidence that supports Lu. cruzi as a vector of L. infantum and as a permissive vector for L. amazonensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everton Falcão de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
- Departamento de Estatística, Campus Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- * E-mail: (EFO); (EABG)
| | - Elisa Teruya Oshiro
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
| | - Wagner de Souza Fernandes
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
| | - Paula Guerra Murat
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
| | - Márcio José de Medeiros
- Departamento de Estatística, Campus Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Alda Izabel Souza
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
| | | | - Eunice Aparecida Bianchi Galati
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
- * E-mail: (EFO); (EABG)
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Oliveira EFD, Casaril AE, Mateus NLF, Murat PG, Fernandes WS, Oshiro ET, Oliveira AGD, Galati EAB. Leishmania amazonensis DNA in wild females of Lutzomyia cruzi (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:1051-7. [PMID: 26602870 PMCID: PMC4708026 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on natural infection by Leishmania spp of sandflies
collected in endemic and nonendemic areas can provide important information on the
distribution and intensity of the transmission of these parasites. This study sought
to investigate the natural infection by Leishmaniain wild female
sandflies. The specimens were caught in the city of Corumbá, state of Mato Grosso do
Sul (Brazil) between October 2012-March 2014, and dissected to investigate
flagellates and/or submitted to molecular analysis to detect
Leishmania DNA. A total of 1,164 females (77.56% of which were
Lutzomyia cruzi) representing 11 species were investigated using
molecular analysis; 126 specimens of Lu. cruziwere dissected and
also submitted to molecular analysis. The infection rate based on the presence of
Leishmania DNA considering all the sandfly species analysed was
0.69%; only Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis was identified in
Lu. cruzi by the molecular analysis. The dissections were
negative for flagellates. This is the first record of the presence of L. (L.)
amazonensis DNA in Lu. cruzi, and the first record of
this parasite in this area. These findings point to the need for further
investigation into the possible role of this sandfly as vector of this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Etelvina Casaril
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | | | - Paula Guerra Murat
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Wagner Souza Fernandes
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Elisa Teruya Oshiro
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
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de Paula Scalioni L, Cruz HM, de Paula VS, Corrêia Oliveira J, Tourinho Dos Santos R, Motta-Castro ARC, Murat PG, Villela-Nogueira CA, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Lampe E, Villar LM. Importance of collection methods and stability of oral fluid samples for hepatitis B surface antigen detection. J Clin Lab Anal 2013; 27:186-94. [PMID: 23440736 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral fluid (OF) sample collection and stability for HBsAg detection are not fully established. This study aims to investigate the applicability of OF collectors and sample stability for Hepatitis B virus surface antigen detection. METHODS Paired serum and OF samples were obtained from 191 individuals, and Chembio (Chembio Diagnostic System, USA) and Salivette (Sarstedt, Germany) devices were used for OF collection. Two HBsAg enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) were used (HBsAg One kit, Radim, Rome, Italy and ETI-MAK-4, DiaSorin, Vercelli, Italy) to determine the most efficient method according OF collector. Sample volume, incubation time, and cutoff (CO) value were evaluated. The stability of OF samples was determined under different environmental conditions. RESULTS Chembio samples analyzed using DiaSorin EIA without modification of the manufacturer's instructions, demonstrated a sensitivity of 95.24% and a specificity of 100%. Salivette samples analyzed with Radim EIA with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for calculating the CO showed a sensitivity of 78.26% and a specificity of 89.88%. HBsAg was detected in Chembio and Salivette samples under different environmental conditions, but the Chembio samples were the most stable. CONCLUSIONS Both collectors can be used for HBsAg detection in OF samples, but some modifications of commercial EIAs should be incorporated for Salivette device. OF samples were reliably stable and could be stored for up to 90 days at 2-8°C.
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Pompilio MA, Pontes ERJC, Castro ARCM, Andrade SMO, Stief ACF, Martins RMB, Mousquer GJ, Murat PG, Francisco RBL, Pompilio SAL, Rezende GR, Elias-Junior E. Prevalence and epidemiology of chronic hepatitis C among prisoners of Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-91992011000200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Stief ACF, Martins RMB, Andrade SMOD, Pompilio MA, Fernandes SM, Murat PG, Mousquer GJ, Teles SA, Camolez GR, Francisco RBL, Motta-Castro ARC. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and associated factors among prison inmates in state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2010; 43:512-5. [DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822010000500008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of HBV infection and associated factors among prison inmates in Campo Grande, MS. METHODS: A total of 408 individuals were interviewed regarding sociodemographic characteristics, associated factors and HBV vaccination using a standardized questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from all participants and serological markers for HBV were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and/or antibodies against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) positive samples were tested for HBV-DNA by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of HBV infection was 17.9% (95%CI: 14.4-22.0). The HBsAg carrier rate was 0.5%; 56 (13.7%) individuals had been infected and developed natural immunity and 15 (3.7%) were positive for anti-HBc only. Ninety eight (24%) prisoners had only anti-HBs, suggesting that they had low vaccine coverage. An occult HBV infection rate of 0% was verified among anti-HBc-positive individuals. Multivariate analysis of associated factors showed that age > 35 years-old, low schooling level and illicit drug use are significantly associated with HBV infection. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the data showed HBV infection prevalence similar or slightly lower than that reported in other of Brazilian prisons. Independent predictors of HBV infection in this population include older age, low schooling level and illicit drug use.
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