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Guiné RPF, Florença SG, Costa CA, Correia PMR, Cruz-Lopes L, Esteves B, Ferreira M, Fragata A, Cardoso AP, Campos S, Anjos O, Bartkiene E, Djekic I, Matran IM, Čulin J, Klava D, Chuck-Hernández C, Korzeniowska M, Boustani NM, Papageorgiou M, Gutiérrez BP, Černelič-Bizjak M, Damarli E, Ferreira V. Edible Insects: Perceptions of Marketing, Economic, and Social Aspects among Citizens of Different Countries. Foods 2023; 12:4229. [PMID: 38231666 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Because edible insects (EI) have been, in recent years, recommended as a nutritious animal protein food with enormous environmental advantages over other sources of animal protein for human consumption, studies aimed at investigating the consumer perspective have become more prominent. Hence, this study intended to examine the perceptions of participants from different countries about the commercialization and economic and social impacts of edible insects. The study was made using a questionnaire survey, and data were collected in Brazil, Croatia, Greece, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Mexico, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, and Turkey. The final number of received answers was 7222 participants. For the treatment of the results, different statistical techniques were used: factor analysis, internal reliability by Cronbach's alpha, cluster analysis, ANOVA to test differences between groups, and Chi-square tests. The results obtained confirmed the validity of the scale, constituted by 12 out of the 14 items initially considered, distributed by 4 factors: the first related to the economic impact of EIs, the second related to the motivation for consumption of EIs, the third related to the places of purchase of EIs, and the fourth corresponding to a question presented to the participants as a false statement. A cluster analysis allowed identifying three clusters, with significant differences between them according to all the sociodemographic variables tested. Also, it was found that the participants expressed an exceptionally high level of agreement with aspects such as the difficulty in finding EIs on sale, knowledge acting as a strong motivator for EI consumption, and the role of personalities and influencers in increasing the will to consume EIs. Finally, practically all sociodemographic variables were found to be significantly associated with perceptions (country, sex, education, living environment, and income), but not age. In conclusion, the perceptions about EI commercialization were investigated and revealed differences among samples originating from different countries. Moreover, the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants were found to be strongly associated with their perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel P F Guiné
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic University of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Sofia G Florença
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic University of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Cristina A Costa
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic University of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Paula M R Correia
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic University of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Luísa Cruz-Lopes
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic University of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Bruno Esteves
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic University of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Manuela Ferreira
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Polytechnic University of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Anabela Fragata
- CIDEI-IPV Research Centre, Polytechnic University of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Ana P Cardoso
- CIDEI-IPV Research Centre, Polytechnic University of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Sofia Campos
- CIDEI-IPV Research Centre, Polytechnic University of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Ofélia Anjos
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic University of Castelo Branco, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Elena Bartkiene
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ilija Djekic
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irina M Matran
- Department of Community Nutrition and Food Safety, GEP University MPhScTch of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Jelena Čulin
- Maritime Department, University of Zadar, 23000 Zadar, Croatia
| | - Dace Klava
- Faculty of Food Technology, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV 3001 Jelgava, Latvia
| | | | - Malgorzata Korzeniowska
- Faculty of Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Nada M Boustani
- Faculty of Business and Administration, Saint Joseph University, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Maria Papageorgiou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Maša Černelič-Bizjak
- Department of Nutritional Counseling-Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, University of Primorska, 6320 Izola, Slovenia
| | - Emel Damarli
- Research and Development Center, Altıparmak Food Coop., Çekmeköy, 34782 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Vanessa Ferreira
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nursing, UFMG-Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil
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Florença SG, Guiné RPF, Gonçalves FJA, Barroca MJ, Ferreira M, Costa CA, Correia PMR, Cardoso AP, Campos S, Anjos O, Cunha LM. The Motivations for Consumption of Edible Insects: A Systematic Review. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223643. [PMID: 36429235 PMCID: PMC9689975 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of edible insects (EI) is traditional in many parts of the world, but not in others. In fact, despite globalization and the multiple advantages pointed out about the consumption of EI, there are still many countries where entomophagy is seen with disgust and aversion. This systematic review aimed to examine the motivations that influence the consumption of EI in diverse cultures and understand if there are differences between Western countries (WC) and insect-eating countries (IEC). It further evaluated whether the degree of acceptability was influenced by the form of consumption of the insects (eating whole insects or foods containing insects). This literature review was conducted in November 2021 within three databases, Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus, according to the Preferred Reporting of Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis and using PRISMA directives. From a total of 245 studies, 31 were selected to be included in this review, based on the inclusion criteria defined: only original research articles, from 2010 or beyond, and written in English. The results indicated that the main motivations that determine the consumption of EI are related to gender, age, sustainability, nutritional value, sensory attributes, tradition/culture, food neophobia, disgust and familiarity/past experiences. Moreover, whereas in IEC, there is a greater focus on factors related to sensory attributes, availability, affordability and preferences, in WC, there is a bigger emphasis on determinants such as nutritional value, sustainability, benefits, familiarity/past experience, tradition/culture, food neophobia and disgust. Finally, it was observed that people in WC are more willing to accept food products containing insects rather than the whole insect, which is one of the most promising points to be addressed in the future. Overall, this review highlights that there are numerous factors influencing the consumption of edible insects, and differences between WC and IEC are clear in what concerns the motivations of consumers. Hence, targeting market segments and consumers' characteristics has to be present when designing strategies to incentivize the consumption of EI in WC as a part of a global strategy for sustainability of food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia G. Florença
- Faculty of Food and Nutrition Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Raquel P. F. Guiné
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Maria João Barroca
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Polytechnic of Coimbra, Coimbra Agriculture School, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuela Ferreira
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Cristina A. Costa
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Paula M. R. Correia
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Ana P. Cardoso
- CIDEI-IPV Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Sofia Campos
- CIDEI-IPV Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Ofélia Anjos
- School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Miguel Cunha
- GreenUPorto–Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre/INOV4Agro, Departamento de Geociências, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Território (DGAOT), Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4485-646 Vila do Conde, Portugal
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Foucher L, Barroca MJ, Dulyanska Y, Correia PMR, Guiné RPF. Development of Innovative Candied Chestnuts from Three Chestnut Cultivars Grown in Portugal. Foods 2022; 11:foods11070917. [PMID: 35407007 PMCID: PMC8998049 DOI: 10.3390/foods11070917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this work is the development of a value-added product (candied chestnuts) from Portuguese chestnut (Castanea sativa) cultivars (Martainha, Longal and Judia), as a way to minimize product loss and wastes. To accomplish this goal, the effects of rehydration, cooking, and syrup conditions on composition, textural properties, and colour parameters of candied chestnuts were investigated. The obtained results revealed that the optimal conditions to prepare candied chestnuts with a sweet taste, dark brown colour, with a crispy texture on the outside and smooth texture in the inner flesh were rehydration at 45 °C for a period of 5 h, cooking in a pressure pan for 15 min, and an immersion process with sucrose syrup for two days (syrup with 25% of sucrose on the first day and syrup of 50% of sucrose on the second day). During the process, the drying loss, hydration ratio, and cooking gain of the different cultivars were about 90%, 79%, and 130%, respectively. The total colour difference of candied chestnuts ranged from 24.18 (Longal) to 29.95 (Judia), the stickiness was moderately intense, and the adhesiveness was high for the three varieties. Longal candied chestnuts were the softest and Martainha candied chestnuts were the hardest, the most elastic, and cohesive. Moreover, the candied chestnuts presented a moisture content ranging from 52.70% and 54.23%, amounts of carbohydrates in the range of 88.58 to 91.87 g/100 g d.m, values of protein (6.55–9.51 g/100 g d.m.), values of ash (0.78–1.98 g/100 g d.m.), and fat (0.87–1.58 g/100 g d.m.). In conclusion, the chestnuts of Portuguese cultivars Martainha, Longal and Judia reveal a good potential to produce candied products with high added value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Foucher
- Department of Food Industry, Agrarian School of Viseu, 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal; (L.F.); (Y.D.); (P.M.R.C.)
- University Institute of Technology, Angers University, 49035 Angers, France
| | - Maria João Barroca
- R&D Unit in Molecular Chemistry-Physics, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Department of Food Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra College of Agriculture, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Yuliya Dulyanska
- Department of Food Industry, Agrarian School of Viseu, 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal; (L.F.); (Y.D.); (P.M.R.C.)
- CERNAS Research Centre, Department of Food Industry, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Paula M. R. Correia
- Department of Food Industry, Agrarian School of Viseu, 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal; (L.F.); (Y.D.); (P.M.R.C.)
- CERNAS Research Centre, Department of Food Industry, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Raquel P. F. Guiné
- Department of Food Industry, Agrarian School of Viseu, 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal; (L.F.); (Y.D.); (P.M.R.C.)
- CERNAS Research Centre, Department of Food Industry, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Kashyap P, Kumar S, Riar CS, Jindal N, Baniwal P, Guiné RPF, Correia PMR, Mehra R, Kumar H. Recent Advances in Drumstick (Moringa oleifera) Leaves Bioactive Compounds: Composition, Health Benefits, Bioaccessibility, and Dietary Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020402. [PMID: 35204283 PMCID: PMC8869219 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the availability of many nutrients, Moringa oleifera tree leaves have been widely employed as nutrients and nutraceuticals in recent years. The leaves contain a small amount of anti-nutritional factors and are abundant in innumerable bioactive compounds. Recently, in several in vivo and in vitro investigations, moringa leaves’ bioactive components and functionality are highlighted. Moringa leaves provide several health advantages, including anti-diabetic, antibacterial, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. The high content of phytochemicals, carotenoids, and glucosinolates is responsible for the majority of these activities as reported in the literature. Furthermore, there is growing interest in using moringa as a value-added ingredient in the development of functional foods. Despite substantial study into identifying and measuring these beneficial components from moringa leaves, bioaccessibility and bioavailability studies are lacking. This review emphasizes recent scientific evidence on the dietary and bioactive profiles of moringa leaves, bioavailability, health benefits, and applications in various food products. This study highlights new scientific data on the moringa leaves containing nutrient and bioactive profiles, bioavailability, health benefits, and uses in various food items. Moringa has been extensively used as a health-promoting food additive because of its potent protection against various diseases and the widespread presence of environmental toxins. More research is needed for utilization as well as to study medicinal effects and bioaccesibility of these leaves for development of various drugs and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Kashyap
- Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Longowal 148106, India; (P.K.); (C.S.R.); (N.J.)
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144401, India
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Food Science & Technology (Hotel Management), Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala 133207, India
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (R.P.F.G.); (H.K.)
| | - Charanjit Singh Riar
- Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Longowal 148106, India; (P.K.); (C.S.R.); (N.J.)
| | - Navdeep Jindal
- Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Longowal 148106, India; (P.K.); (C.S.R.); (N.J.)
| | | | - Raquel P. F. Guiné
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (R.P.F.G.); (H.K.)
| | - Paula M. R. Correia
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal;
| | - Rahul Mehra
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India;
| | - Harish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India;
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (R.P.F.G.); (H.K.)
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Guiné RPF, Florença SG, Costa CA, Correia PMR, Ferreira M, Duarte J, Cardoso AP, Campos S, Anjos O. Development of a Questionnaire to Assess Knowledge and Perceptions about Edible Insects. Insects 2021; 13:insects13010047. [PMID: 35055890 PMCID: PMC8780915 DOI: 10.3390/insects13010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Edible insects (EI) have been consumed as traditional foods in many parts of the globe, but in other regions, they are not readily accepted, particularly in Western countries. However, because EI are suggested to constitute a more sustainable protein food as compared with other sources of animal protein, they can be considered a future food that could help mitigate hunger and malnutrition. Additionally, new gastronomic trends are already targeting this area for exploring new potentialities. The objective of this work was to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess consumers’ perceptions and knowledge about EI in seven different domains: D1. Culture and Tradition, D2. Gastronomic Innovation and Gourmet Kitchen, D3. Environment and Sustainability, D4. Economic and Social Aspects, D5. Commercialization and Marketing, D6. Nutritional Aspects and D7. Health Effects. The 64 items were subjected to item analysis and reliability analysis for validation, and factor analysis was also conducted to identify a grouping structure. The results validated all the items of the seven subscales with high values of Cronbach’s alpha (α = 0.732 for D1, α = 0.795 for D2, α = 0.882 for D3, α = 0.742 for D4, α = 0.675 for D5, α = 0.799 for D6 and α = 0.788 for D7). However, by eliminating 17 items, the final values of the alpha increased in all subscales. Factor analysis with extraction by principal component analysis with varimax rotation extracted 14 factors that explained, in total, 65% of the variance, although the first two factors were the most important (35.7% variance explained). In conclusion, the confirmed usefulness of the questionnaire has been hereby validated for assessing consumer perceptions of and knowledge about EI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel P. F. Guiné
- CERNAS—Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (C.A.C.); (P.M.R.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sofia G. Florença
- Faculty of Food and Nutrition Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Cristina A. Costa
- CERNAS—Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (C.A.C.); (P.M.R.C.)
| | - Paula M. R. Correia
- CERNAS—Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (C.A.C.); (P.M.R.C.)
| | - Manuela Ferreira
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (M.F.); (J.D.)
| | - João Duarte
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (M.F.); (J.D.)
| | - Ana P. Cardoso
- CIDEI—Centre for Studies in Education and Innovation, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (A.P.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Sofia Campos
- CIDEI—Centre for Studies in Education and Innovation, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (A.P.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Ofélia Anjos
- School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal;
- Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Biotecnologia de Plantas da Beira Interior, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal
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Golpour I, Ferrão AC, Gonçalves F, Correia PMR, Blanco-Marigorta AM, Guiné RPF. Extraction of Phenolic Compounds with Antioxidant Activity from Strawberries: Modelling with Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Foods 2021; 10:foods10092228. [PMID: 34574338 PMCID: PMC8472351 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This research study focuses on the evaluation of the total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) of strawberries according to different experimental extraction conditions by applying the Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) technique. The experimental data were applied to train ANNs using feed- and cascade-forward backpropagation models with Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) and Bayesian Regulation (BR) algorithms. Three independent variables (solvent concentration, volume/mass ratio and extraction time) were used as ANN inputs, whereas the three variables of total phenolic compounds, DPPH and ABTS antioxidant activities were considered as ANN outputs. The results demonstrate that the best cascade- and feed-forward backpropagation topologies of ANNs for the prediction of total phenolic compounds and DPPH and ABTS antioxidant activity factors were the 3-9-1, 3-4-4-1 and 3-13-10-1 structures, with the training algorithms of trainlm, trainbr, trainlm and threshold functions of tansig-purelin, tansig-tansig-tansig and purelin-tansig-tansig, respectively. The best R2 values for the predication of total phenolic compounds and DPPH and ABTS antioxidant activity factors were 0.9806 (MSE = 0.0047), 0.9651 (MSE = 0.0035) and 0.9756 (MSE = 0.00286), respectively. According to the comparison of ANNs, the results showed that the cascade-forward backpropagation network showed better performance than the feed-forward backpropagation network for predicting the TPC, and the FFBP network, in predicting the DPPH and ABTS antioxidant activity factors, had more precision than the cascade-forward backpropagation network. The ANN technique is a potential method for estimating targeted total phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of strawberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Golpour
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems, Urmia University, Urmia P.O. Box 5756151818, Iran;
| | - Ana Cristina Ferrão
- CERNAS Research Centre, Department of Food Industry, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (A.C.F.); (F.G.); (P.M.R.C.)
| | - Fernando Gonçalves
- CERNAS Research Centre, Department of Food Industry, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (A.C.F.); (F.G.); (P.M.R.C.)
| | - Paula M. R. Correia
- CERNAS Research Centre, Department of Food Industry, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (A.C.F.); (F.G.); (P.M.R.C.)
| | - Ana M. Blanco-Marigorta
- Department of Process Engineering, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;
| | - Raquel P. F. Guiné
- CERNAS Research Centre, Department of Food Industry, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (A.C.F.); (F.G.); (P.M.R.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Florença SG, Correia PMR, Costa CA, Guiné RPF. Edible Insects: Preliminary Study about Perceptions, Attitudes, and Knowledge on a Sample of Portuguese Citizens. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040709. [PMID: 33810486 PMCID: PMC8065830 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes, consumption habits, and degree of acceptability of edible insects (EI) or derived products among Portuguese consumers. This work consisted of a questionnaire survey, undertaken on a sample of 213 participants. For the treatment of data, basic descriptive statistics were used, complemented with chi-square tests to assess some associations between categorical variables. Moreover, a tree classification analysis was carried out using a classification and regression tree (CRT) algorithm with cross-validation. The results indicated that people tend to have correct perceptions about the sustainability issues associated with the use of insects as alternative sources of protein; however, the level of knowledge and overall perception about their nutritive value is low. Regarding the consumption of EI, it was found that only a small part of the participants had already eaten them, doing it mostly abroad, by self-initiative, in a restaurant or at a party or event. Additionally, it was found that the reluctance to consume insects is higher if they are whole, but when they are transformed into ingredients used in food formulations, the level of acceptance increases. Furthermore, men have shown to have a better perception about EI, be more informed about sustainability, and have a higher level of acceptability when compared to women. As a final conclusion, it was observed that the Portuguese still show some resistance to adhere to the use of insects as replacements for meat products, but the market of insect based products can be a good alternative to overpass the neophobia associated with this type of food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia G. Florença
- Faculty of Food and Nutrition Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
- Agrarian School of Viseu, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal; (P.M.R.C.); (C.A.C.)
| | - Paula M. R. Correia
- Agrarian School of Viseu, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal; (P.M.R.C.); (C.A.C.)
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Cristina A. Costa
- Agrarian School of Viseu, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal; (P.M.R.C.); (C.A.C.)
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Raquel P. F. Guiné
- Agrarian School of Viseu, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal; (P.M.R.C.); (C.A.C.)
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Barroca MJ, Guiné RPF, Calado ARP, Correia PMR, Mendes M. Artificial neural network modelling of the chemical composition of carrots submitted to different pre-drying treatments. Food Measure 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-017-9563-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Rodrigues ÂMDP, Correia PMR, Guiné RPF. Physical, chemical and sensorial properties of healthy and mixture breads in Portugal. Food Measure 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-013-9166-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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