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Fernandes G, Aparicio VC, De Gerónimo E, Prestes OD, Zanella R, Ebling E, Parisi PB, Mollmann VHDS, Reichert JM, Rheinheimer Dos Santos D. Epilithic biofilms as a discriminating matrix for long-term and growing season pesticide contamination in the aquatic environment: Emphasis on glyphosate and metabolite AMPA. Sci Total Environ 2023; 900:166315. [PMID: 37604376 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of pesticides represents high ecological risk in aquatic systems. Recently, the inclusion of epilithic biofilms as a reactive matrix has shown potential in diagnosing the health of water resources. The objective of this study was to use multiple matrices (water, suspended sediments, and biofilms) to discriminate contamination degrees in catchments with long and recent history of intensive pesticide use and to monitor growing season pesticides transfer to watercourses. Two catchments were monitored: one representative of "modern agriculture" in a subtropical environment, and another representative of recent agricultural expansion over the Pampa Biome in subtropical Brazil. Glyphosate and AMPA were accumulated in the biofilms and were detected at all sites and at all monitoring times, in concentrations ranging from 195 to 7673 μg kg-1 and from 225 to 4180 μg kg-1, respectively. Similarly, the fungicide tebuconazole has always been found in biofilms. The biofilms made it possible to discriminate the long-term history of pesticide use in the catchments and even to identify the influx pulses of pesticides immediately after their application to crops, which was not possible with active water sampling and even with suspended sediment monitoring. It is strongly recommended that, in regions with intensive cultivation of soybeans and other genetically modified crops, the presence of glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA be permanently monitored, a practice still very scarce in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracieli Fernandes
- Soils Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Virginia Carolina Aparicio
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria INTA EEA Balcarce, Ruta Nacional 226, Km 73,5, Balcarce CP 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo De Gerónimo
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria INTA EEA Balcarce, Ruta Nacional 226, Km 73,5, Balcarce CP 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Osmar Damian Prestes
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residues Analysis (LARP), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Renato Zanella
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residues Analysis (LARP), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ederson Ebling
- Soils Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro Bolzan Parisi
- Soils Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Dos Santos Mollmann
- Graduate Program in Animal Biodiversity, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - José Miguel Reichert
- Soils Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Danilo Rheinheimer Dos Santos
- Soils Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Foreign Visiting Professors at University of Limoges, (2022-2023) France
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