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Huang HI, Lin JY, Chiang HC, Huang PN, Lin QD, Shih SR. Exosomes Facilitate Transmission of Enterovirus A71 From Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:456-469. [PMID: 32271384 PMCID: PMC7336570 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) has been noted for its tendency to lead to neurological manifestations in young children and infants. Although the alimentary tract has been identified as the primary replication site of this virus, how EV-A71 replicates in the gut and is transmitted to other organs remains unclear. METHODS By using differentiated C2BBe1 cells as a model, we observed that intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) were permissive to EV-A71 infection, and viral particles were released in a nonlytic manner. RESULTS The coexistence of active caspase 3 and EV-A71 protein was observed in the infected undifferentiated C2BBe1 and RD cells but not in the infected differentiated C2BBe1 cells. Furthermore, EV-A71 infection caused differentiated C2BBe1 and intestinal organoids to secrete exosomes containing viral components and have the ability to establish active infection. Inhibition of the exosome pathway decreased EV-A71 replication and release in IECs and increased the survival rates of infected animals. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that EV-A71 is able to be actively replicated in enterocytes, and that the exosome pathway is involved in the nonlytic release of viral particles, which may be useful for developing antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-I Huang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Jhao-Yin Lin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chu Chiang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Pen-Nien Huang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Qing-Dong Lin
- Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Cathay Medical Research Institute, Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Ru Shih
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Xiao MY, Huang PN, Zhang ZS. [Significance of preoperative digital subtraction dacryocystography for nasolacrimal stent]. Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2000; 25:416-8. [PMID: 12206023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Digital subtraction dacryocystography were performed prior to placement of a nasolacrimal stent. Among the 107 eyes, the sites of obstruction were in the common canaliculus in 9 eyes, above the neck of the lacrimal sac in 12 eyes and under the neck of the lacrimal sac in 86 eyes. The placement of a nasolacrimal stent may become the treatment of choice for epiphora due to obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct at the saccular or subsaccular level. After operation, these nasolacrimal ducts after stenting were patent and epiphora was resolved completely or partially. The results suggest that the preoperative digital subtraction dacryocystography is helpful in selective indication of placement of a nasolacrimal stent and prognostic assessment of the postoperative outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Medical University, Changsha 410011
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