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Cruz-Hernández C, López-Camacho PY, Basurto-Islas G, Rojas A, Guadarrama P, Martínez-Herrera M. Click synthesis of dendronized malonates for the preparation of amphiphilic dendro[60]fullerenes. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3328-3339. [PMID: 38584463 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01986a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Fullerene C60 and its malonate derivatives, produced via the Bingel-Hirsch reaction, have displayed promising properties against various diseases. These molecules have great therapeutic potential, but their broad use has been limited due to poor aqueous solubility and toxicity caused by accumulation. In this study, we synthesized new malonates and malonamides attached to first- and second-generation polyester dendrons using click chemistry (CuAAC). These dendrons were then linked at C60 through the Bingel-Hirsch reaction, resulting in an amphiphilic system that retains the hydrophobic nature of C60. The dendronized malonate derivatives showed good reaction yields for the Bingel-Hirsch mono-adducts and were easier to work with than the corresponding malonamides. However, the malonamide derivatives, which were obtained through a multistep reaction sequence, showed moderate yields in the Bingel-Hirsch reaction. Surprisingly, removing acetonide protecting groups from dendritic architectures was more challenging than anticipated, likely due to product decomposition. Only the corresponding free malonate derivatives 25 and 26 were obtained, but in a low yield due to decomposition under the reaction conditions. Meanwhile, it was not possible to obtain the corresponding malonamide derivatives 27 and 28. Currently, efforts are being made to improve the production of the desired molecules and to design new synthesis routes that allow direct access to the desired poly-hydroxylated derivatives. These derivatives will be evaluated as multitarget ligands against Alzheimer's disease, through their use as inhibitors of amyloid β-peptide aggregation, acetylcholinesterase modulators, and antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cruz-Hernández
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Cuajimalpa, CDMX, 05300, Mexico.
| | - Perla Y López-Camacho
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Cuajimalpa, CDMX, 05300, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo Basurto-Islas
- División de Ciencias e Ingenierias, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus León, León Guanajuato, México
| | - Aaron Rojas
- Departamento de Química del Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, C.P. 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Guadarrama
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, Mexico
| | - Melchor Martínez-Herrera
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Cuajimalpa, CDMX, 05300, Mexico.
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Zavala-Ocampo LM, López-Camacho PY, Aguirre-Hernández E, Cárdenas-Vázquez R, Bonilla-Jaime H, Basurto-Islas G. Neuroprotective effects of Petiveria alliacea on scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment mouse model. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 318:116881. [PMID: 37460029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Petiveria alliacea L., commonly known as macura and gully root, is an important medicinal plant used in the Caribbean and Central America to treat ailments associated to the central nervous system, including poor memory. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the effects of the P. alliacea leaves methanol fraction (PMF) on a scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment mouse model related to acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidative stress. MATERIAL AND METHODS After PMF administration at doses of 500 or 900 mg/kg, cognitive ability was evaluated using the Morris water maze (MWM), Y-maze (YM) and novel object recognition (NOR) tests. The mouse brain tissue was further assessed for acetylcholinesterase activity and antioxidant activity. Levels of oxidative stress were also evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione activity. Acute toxicity was also evaluated. RESULTS PMF led to memory improvement in the behavioral tests in mice with scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment. Moreover, PMF inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity and showed antioxidant potential that in turn attenuated cholinergic degradation. Additionally, PMF increased glutathione levels and glutathione reductase activity and reduced MDA levels in the brain. Moreover, no acute toxicity was detected with the use of PMF. CONCLUSION In a mouse model of scopolamine-induced cognitive deficit, PMF exhibited protective effects, decreasing oxidative damage and regulating cholinergic function in the brain bearing significant memory enhancing potency. These data suggest that PMF is a promising candidate for developing therapies for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth M Zavala-Ocampo
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Perla Y López-Camacho
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Eva Aguirre-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - René Cárdenas-Vázquez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Herlinda Bonilla-Jaime
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo Basurto-Islas
- División de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad de Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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Zavala-Ocampo LM, Aguirre-Hernández E, López-Camacho PY, Cárdenas-Vázquez R, Dorazco-González A, Basurto-Islas G. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant activity properties of Petiveria alliacea L. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 292:115239. [PMID: 35358623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Petiveria alliacea L. is traditionally used as a folk medical herb in different regions of the world to treat different ailments including those related to the central nervous system. Previous studies have proved that extracts from P. alliacea show improvement in memory and learning process. AIM OF THE STUDY To study extracts, fractions, subfractions and isolated compounds from P. alliacea on acetylcholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant activity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Extracts obtained with different polarity solvents and fractions from P. alliacea were evaluated for their inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase by Ellman method. This screening allowed the selection of the methanol fraction as the most active and continued a bio-guided study. The compounds identified in methanol fraction were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Identification of (E)-Tagetone was performed by 1H and 13C NMR spectra. Moreover, the antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS methods, and the cell viability was assessed by WST-1 method. RESULTS Two extracts of different polarity were obtained from P. alliacea. The methanol extract and its fraction showed an inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase; however, methanol fraction was found to be most potent with 86.5 % AChE inhibition. The methanol fraction also showed antioxidant activity and was not toxic on SH-SY5Y cells. Different compounds including capreoside, narcissin, indane, (-)-isocaryophyllene, (-)-β-pinene, (E)-tagetone and peonidin 3-O-sambubioside 5-O-glucoside were identified. CONCLUSION This is the first report indicating that P. alliacea methanol fraction and its subfractions bear acetylcholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant activity properties. This work establishes the basis for further studies in the development of new therapies for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer 's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth M Zavala-Ocampo
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Eva Aguirre-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Perla Y López-Camacho
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - René Cárdenas-Vázquez
- Departamento de Biología Cellular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
| | | | - Gustavo Basurto-Islas
- División de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad de Guanajuato, León Guanajuato, México.
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Martínez-Herrera M, Figueroa-Gerstenmaier S, López-Camacho PY, Millan-Pacheco C, Balderas-Altamirano MA, Mendoza-Franco G, García-Sierra F, Zavala-Ocampo LM, Basurto-Islas G. Multiadducts of C60 Modulate Amyloid-β Fibrillation with Dual Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition and Antioxidant Properties: In Vitro and In Silico Studies. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:741-759. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-215412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrils induce cognitive impairment and neuronal loss, leading to onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The inhibition of Aβ aggregation has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for AD. Pristine C60 has shown the capacity to interact with the Aβ peptide and interfere with fibril formation but induces significant toxic effects in vitro and in vivo. Objective: To evaluate the potential of a series of C60 multiadducts to inhibit the Aβ fibrillization. Methods: A series of C60 multiadducts with four to six diethyl malonyl and their corresponding disodium-malonyl substituents were synthesized as individual isomers. Their potential on Aβ fibrillization inhibition was evaluated in vitro, in cellulo, and silico. Antioxidant activity, acetylcholinesterase inhibition capacity, and toxicity were assessed in vitro. Results: The multiadducts modulate Aβ fibrils formation without inducing cell toxicity, and that the number and polarity of the substituents play a significant role in the adducts efficacy to modulate Aβ aggregation. The molecular mechanism of fullerene-Aβ interaction and modulation was identified. Furthermore, the fullerene derivatives exhibited antioxidant capacity and reduction of acetylcholinesterase activity. Conclusion: Multiadducts of C60 are novel multi-target-directed ligand molecules that could hold considerable promise as the starting point for the development of AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melchor Martínez-Herrera
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Perla Y. López-Camacho
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Cesar Millan-Pacheco
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | | | - Graciela Mendoza-Franco
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Franciscos García-Sierra
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Lizeth M. Zavala-Ocampo
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gustavo Basurto-Islas
- División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus León, León, Gto., Mexico
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Flores-Jiménez NG, Rojas-Lemus M, Fortoul TI, Zepeda-Rodríguez A, López-Camacho PY, Anacleto-Santos J, Malagón-Gutiérrez F, Basurto-Islas G, Rivera-Fernández N. Histopathological alterations in mice under sub-acute treatment with Hintonia latiflora methanolic stem bark extract. Histol Histopathol 2018; 33:1299-1309. [PMID: 29923593 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of herbal products is increasingly growing worldwide; nonetheless consumers are not warned about the potential health risks that these products may cause. Hintonia latiflora (Hl) is a tree native to the American continent belonging to the Rubiaceae family and its stem bark is empirically used mainly to treat diabetes and malaria; supplements containing Hl are sold in America and Europe without medical prescription, thus scientific information regarding its toxicity as a consequence of a regular consumption is needed. In the present study, the histopathological effect of 200 and 1000 mg/kg of HI methanolic stem bark extract (HlMeOHe) was evaluated in the small bowel, liver, pancreas, kidneys and brain of CD-1 male mice after oral sub-acute treatment for 28 days. No histopathological alterations were observed in the brain and small bowel of the treated animals; however, mice presented diarrhea from day 2 of treatment with both doses. No histological changes were observed in the tissues collected from the animals treated with 200 mg/kg, except for the liver that depicted periportal hepatitis. Animals treated with the higher dose showed in the liver sections hydropic degeneration, hepatitis and necrosis, kidney sections depicted tubular necrosis and in pancreas sections, hydropic degeneration of the pancreatic islets was observed. In conclusion, HlMeOHe damaged the liver with an oral dose of 200 mg/kg, and at 1000 mg/kg injured the kidneys and pancreas of the CD-1 male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy G Flores-Jiménez
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Marcela Rojas-Lemus
- Department of Cellular and Tissular Biology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Teresa I Fortoul
- Department of Cellular and Tissular Biology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Armando Zepeda-Rodríguez
- Department of Cellular and Tissular Biology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Perla Y López-Camacho
- Department of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Cuajimalpa, Mexico
| | - Jhony Anacleto-Santos
- Department of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Cuajimalpa, Mexico
| | - Filiberto Malagón-Gutiérrez
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Basurto-Islas
- Department of Chemical, Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, Division of Sciences and Engineering, Guanajuato University, Campus León, Mexico
| | - Norma Rivera-Fernández
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico.
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Morales-Ríos MS, Rivera-Becerril E, López-Camacho PY, Pérez-Rojas NA, Suárez-Castillo OR. Preparation of O-methyl substituted 2-oxofuro- and 2-oxopyrrolidinoindolines by reductive lactonization of oxindol-3-ylacetic acids. Nat Prod Commun 2012; 7:1445-1451. [PMID: 23285804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A practical procedure for the preparation of O-methyl substituted 3a,8-dialkyl-2-oxofuroindolines is described. Reductive lactonization of the corresponding oxindol-3-ylacetic acids provides a route for the formation of this class of compounds. Further transformation of 2-oxofuroindolines into 2-oxopyrrolidinoindolines, and then to pyrrolidinoindolines demonstrates their versatility as key intermediates in natural products synthesis. The results of single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analyses are given for five of the studied compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha S Morales-Ríos
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado 14-740, México, D. F., 07000 Mexico.
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Morales-Ríos MS, Rivera-Becerril E, López-Camacho PY, Pérez-Rojas NA, Suárez-Castillo OR. Preparation of O-Methyl Substituted 2-Oxofuro- and 2-Oxopyrrolidinoindolines by Reductive Lactonization of Oxindol-3-Ylacetic Acids. Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200701110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A practical procedure for the preparation of O-methyl substituted 3a,8-dialkyl-2-oxofuroindolines is described. Reductive lactonization of the corresponding oxindol-3-ylacetic acids provides a route for the formation of this class of compounds. Further transformation of 2-oxofuroindolines into 2-oxopyrrolidinoindolines, and then to pyrrolidinoindolines demonstrates their versatility as key intermediates in natural products synthesis. The results of single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analyses are given for five of the studied compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha S. Morales-Ríos
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado 14-740, México, D. F., 07000 Mexico
| | - Ernesto Rivera-Becerril
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Avenida Pedro Antonio de los Santos 84, México D.F., 11850 Mexico
| | - Perla Y. López-Camacho
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Avenida Pedro Antonio de los Santos 84, México D.F., 11850 Mexico
| | | | - Oscar R. Suárez-Castillo
- Area Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, 42184 Mexico
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Morales-Ríos MS, López-Camacho PY, Jacobo-Cabral CO, Pérez-Rojas NA, Trujillo-Serrato JJ, Burgueño-Tapia E, Suárez-Castillo OR, Joseph-Nathan P. Unimolecular rearrangements of ketene-O,O-acetals and fragmentations occurring in the gas phase. J Mass Spectrom 2011; 46:489-495. [PMID: 21500318 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Gas phase skeletal rearrangements of regioisomeric 3-cyano-2-methoxy-3a-alkylfuro[2,3-b]- and [3,2-b]indoles were evidenced by product ions [M-32](+•), consistent with loss of methanol, on electron ionization in their mass spectra. The rearranged products occurring in gas phase were demonstrated to have elemental composition and fragmentation properties identical to those of authentic samples of 2-indolyl cyanomalonates. Isotopic labeling experiments support the formation mechanism of the [M-32](+•) ion. Additional thermal gas-phase reaction products were characterized by comparison with an authentic sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha S Morales-Ríos
- Departamento de Química Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado 14-740, México, D. F., 07000 Mexico.
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López-Camacho PY, Joseph-Nathan P, Gordillo-Román B, Suárez-Castillo OR, Morales-Ríos MS. Cascade [1,3]-sigmatropic rearrangements of ketene O,O-acetals: kinetic and DFT level mechanistic studies. J Org Chem 2010; 75:1898-910. [PMID: 20180516 DOI: 10.1021/jo902520z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The regioisomeric alpha-cyano ketene-O,O-dialkyl acetals 2a-e and 4a-e, sequential intermediates in the diazomethane induced conversion of indole alpha-cyano-gamma-lactones 1a-e to 2-indolyl cyanomalonates 5a-e, were isolated and characterized. Formation of the steady-state intermediate cycloprop[b]indoles 3a-e was evidenced by means of NMR and confirmed by the X-ray structure of 3c, demonstrating that the formation of 5a-e from 2a-e proceeds through two consecutive and one parallel unimolecular steps, with intermediates 3a-e formed in reversible processes. Evidence that the reversible reactions proceed via [1,3]-rearrangements is presented. The steady-state kinetic approach applied to intermediate 3 allowed a minimal two consecutive step 2 --> 4--> 5 kinetic model, in which the steric bulkiness of the alkyl substituent affects strongly the associated rate constants, k(1) and k(2), inverting the rate-determining step. The solvation effects enhanced the feasibility of these skeletal rearrangements as they stabilized the transition states to a great extent. The experimental determined thermodynamic parameters and DFT calculations suggest that these cascade rearrangements occur through [1,3]-sigmatropic mechanisms, in which asynchronous bond reorganization processes via four membered pseudopericyclic transition states are highly favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Y López-Camacho
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado 14-740, México, DF, 07000 Mexico
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