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Maciel-Fiuza MF, Muller GC, Campos DMS, do Socorro Silva Costa P, Peruzzo J, Bonamigo RR, Veit T, Vianna FSL. Role of gut microbiota in infectious and inflammatory diseases. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1098386. [PMID: 37051522 PMCID: PMC10083300 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1098386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Thousands of microorganisms compose the human gut microbiota, fighting pathogens in infectious diseases and inhibiting or inducing inflammation in different immunological contexts. The gut microbiome is a dynamic and complex ecosystem that helps in the proliferation, growth, and differentiation of epithelial and immune cells to maintain intestinal homeostasis. Disorders that cause alteration of this microbiota lead to an imbalance in the host’s immune regulation. Growing evidence supports that the gut microbial community is associated with the development and progression of different infectious and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, understanding the interaction between intestinal microbiota and the modulation of the host’s immune system is fundamental to understanding the mechanisms involved in different pathologies, as well as for the search of new treatments. Here we review the main gut bacteria capable of impacting the immune response in different pathologies and we discuss the mechanisms by which this interaction between the immune system and the microbiota can alter disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriãn Ferrão Maciel-Fiuza
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Genomics Medicine Laboratory, Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Cerutti Muller
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniel Marques Stuart Campos
- Genomics Medicine Laboratory, Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Perpétua do Socorro Silva Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Nursing, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Imperatriz, Brazil
| | - Juliano Peruzzo
- Dermatology Service of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renan Rangel Bonamigo
- Dermatology Service of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal De Ciências Da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tiago Veit
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Genomics Medicine Laboratory, Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna,
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Maciel-Fiuza MF, Costa PDSS, Kowalski TW, Schuler-Faccini L, Bonamigo RR, Vetoratto R, Eidt LM, de Moraes PC, Silveira MIDS, Camargo LMA, Callegari-Jacques SM, Castro SMDJ, Vianna FSL. Evaluation of Polymorphisms in Toll-Like Receptor Genes as Biomarkers of the Response to Treatment of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:713143. [PMID: 35141236 PMCID: PMC8819000 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.713143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is an inflammatory complication caused by a dysregulated immune response to Mycobacterium leprae. Some Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been identified as capable of recognizing antigens from M. leprae, triggering a wide antimicrobial and inflammatory response. Genetic polymorphisms in these receptors could influence in the appearance of ENL as well as in its treatment. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the association of genetic variants of TLRs genes with the response to treatment of ENL with thalidomide and prednisone. A total of 162 ENL patients were recruited from different regions of Brazil and clinical information was collected from their medical records. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood and saliva samples and genetic variants in TLR1 (rs4833095), TLR2 (rs3804099), TLR4 (rs1927914), and TLR6 (rs5743810) genes were genotyped by TaqMan real-time PCR system. In order to evaluate the variants' association with the dose of the medications used during the treatment, we applied the Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) analysis. In the present sample, 123 (75.9%) patients were men and 86 (53.1%) were in treatment for leprosy during the ENL episode. We found an association between polymorphisms in TLR1/rs4833095, TLR2/rs3804099, TLR4/rs1927914, and TLR6/rs5783810 with the dose variation of thalidomide in a time-dependent manner, i.e., the association with the genetic variant and the dose of the drug was different depending on the moment of the treatment evaluated. In addition, we identified that the association of polymorphisms in TLR1/rs4833095, TLR2/rs3804099, and TLR6/rs5783810 with the dose variation of prednisone also were time-dependent. Despite these associations, in all the interactions found, the influence of genetic variants on dose variation was not clinically relevant for therapeutic changes. The results obtained in this study show that TLRs polymorphism might play a role in the response to ENL treatment, however, in this context, they could not be considered as useful biomarkers in the clinical setting due small differences in medication doses. A larger sample size with patients with a more genetic profile is fundamental in order to estimate the association of genetic variants with the treatment of ENL and their clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriãn Ferrão Maciel-Fiuza
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Genomics Medicine Laboratory, Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Thayne Woycinck Kowalski
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Genomics Medicine Laboratory, Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lavínia Schuler-Faccini
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Teratogen Information Service, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renan Rangel Bonamigo
- Post-graduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal De Ciências Da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Dermatology Service of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Vetoratto
- Dermatology Service of Santa Casa Hospital of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Letícia Maria Eidt
- Sanitary Dermatology Clinic, Secretaria De Saúde Do Estado Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar de Moraes
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Sanitary Dermatology Clinic, Secretaria De Saúde Do Estado Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Luis Marcelo Aranha Camargo
- National Reference Center for Health Dermatology Dona Libania, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Center for Research in Tropical Medicine, Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology-EpiAmo, Rondonia, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Centro Universitario São Lucas, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology/CNPq-EpiAmo, Rondonia, Brazil
| | - Sidia Maria Callegari-Jacques
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Statistics, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Stela Maris de Jezus Castro
- Department of Statistics, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Genomics Medicine Laboratory, Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Costa PDSS, Maciel-Fiuza MF, Kowalski TW, Fraga LR, Feira MF, Camargo LMA, Caldoncelli DIDO, Silveira MIDS, Schuler-Faccini L, Vianna FSL. Evaluation of the influence of genetic variants in Cereblon gene on the response to the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum with thalidomide. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2022; 117:e220039. [DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760220039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Perpétua do Socorro Silva Costa
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Miriãn Ferrão Maciel-Fiuza
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Brasil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thayne Woycinck Kowalski
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Brasil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Lucas Rosa Fraga
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariléa Furtado Feira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Brasil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luís Marcelo Aranha Camargo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical, Brasil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental, Brasil; Centro Universitário São Lucas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lavínia Schuler-Faccini
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Brasil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Brasil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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do Socorro Silva Costa P, Woycinck Kowalski T, Rosa Fraga L, Furtado Feira M, Nazário AP, MarceloAranha Camargo L, Iop de Oliveira Caldoncelli D, Irismar da Silva Silveira M, Hutz MH, Schüler-Faccini L, Sales Luiz Vianna F. NR3C1, ABCB1, TNF and CYP2C19 polymorphisms association with the response to the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum. Pharmacogenomics 2019; 20:503-516. [PMID: 31124417 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2018-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the effects of gene polymorphisms in the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum with prednisone/thalidomide. Patients & methods: A total of 152 patients from different regions of Brazil were included. Generalized estimating equation was used to evaluate the influence of polymorphisms and haplotypes on the drug dose variation throughout the treatment. Results: An association between the genotype tuberculoid of polymorphism ABCB1 3435C>T (rs1045642; p = 0.02) and prednisone dose was found in the recessive model. An association between the haplotypes 1031T/-863C/-857C/-308A/-238G (p = 0.006) and 1031T/-863C/-857T/-308A/-238G (p = 0.040) of the TNF gene and the CYP2C19*2 polymorphism were also identified, in relation to thalidomide dosage variation over the course of treatment. Conclusion: This work presents the first pharmacogenetic report of association between gene polymorphisms and erythema nodosum leprosum treatment with prednisone/thalidomide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perpétua do Socorro Silva Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics & Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,INAGEMP, Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Center of Social Sciences, Health & Technology, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Imperatriz, MA, Brazil
| | - Thayne Woycinck Kowalski
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics & Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,INAGEMP, Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Teratogen Information Service, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Rosa Fraga
- INAGEMP, Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Teratogen Information Service, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariléa Furtado Feira
- INAGEMP, Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Center of Experimental Research, Genomics Medicine Laboratory & Laboratory of Research in Bioethics & Ethics in Research (LAPEBEC), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Nazário
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis MarceloAranha Camargo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences-5, Universidade de São Paulo, Monte Negro, Rondônia, Brazil.,Center for Research in Tropical Medicine, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology-EpiAmo, Rondônia, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Centro Universitário São Lucas, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mara Helena Hutz
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics & Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lavínia Schüler-Faccini
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics & Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,INAGEMP, Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Teratogen Information Service, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics & Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,INAGEMP, Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Teratogen Information Service, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Center of Experimental Research, Genomics Medicine Laboratory & Laboratory of Research in Bioethics & Ethics in Research (LAPEBEC), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Costa PDSS, Fraga LR, Kowalski TW, Daxbacher ELR, Schuler-Faccini L, Vianna FSL. Erythema Nodosum Leprosum: Update and challenges on the treatment of a neglected condition. Acta Trop 2018; 183:134-141. [PMID: 29474830 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL) occurs due to the immunological complication of multibacillary leprosy and is characterized by painful nodules and systemic compromising. It is usually recurrent and/or chronic and has both physical and economic impact on the patient, being a very important cause of disability. In addition, ENL is a major health problem in countries where leprosy is endemic. Therefore, adequate control of this condition is important. The management of ENL aims to control acute inflammation and neuritis and prevent the onset of new episodes. However, all currently available treatment modalities have one or two drawbacks and are not effective for all patients. Corticosteroid is the anti-inflammatory of choice in ENL but may cause dependence, especially for chronic patients. Thalidomide has a rapid action but its use is limited due the teratogenicity and neurotoxicity. Clofazimine and pentoxifylline have slow action and have important adverse effects. Finally, there is no pattern or guidelines for treating these patients, becoming more difficult to evaluate and to control this condition. This review aims to show the main drugs used in the treatment of ENL and the challenges in the management of the reaction.
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