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Aliaga-Samanez GG, Bulhões Javarotti N, Orecife G, Chávez-Congrains K, Pissinatti A, Monticelli C, Cristina Marques M, Galbusera P, Galetti PM, Domingues de Freitas P. Genetic diversity in ex situ populations of the endangered Leontopithecus chrysomelas and implications for its conservation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288097. [PMID: 37531319 PMCID: PMC10395972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Leontopithecus chrysomelas, the Golden-headed Lion Tamarin (GHLT), is an endangered and endemic Neotropical primate from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil that has suffered a reduction of its habitat and population size in the wild. Ex situ populations have been established as a relevant alternative to safeguard the species and retain its genetic diversity and evolutionary potential. This study evaluated the genetic diversity and structure of the two main Brazilian captive populations of GHLT, which have been under human care at the Primatology Center of Rio de Janeiro (CPRJ) and the Zoological Park Foundation of São Paulo (FPZSP). Our results revealed levels of genetic diversity overall comparable to those observed for other Leontopithecus species and for ex situ and in situ populations of GHLT previously studied. Bayesian and principal coordinate analyses showed a moderate differentiation between CPRJ and FPZSP populations. Both populations presented observed heterozygosity values higher than expected heterozygosity values for most of the microsatellites used in this study, suggesting that the management has been efficient in avoiding an increase in homozygosity. However, simulations point to a significant loss of genetic diversity in the next 100 years, mainly in the FPZSP population. Such data are relevant for further decision-making on the metapopulation management of L. chrysomelas in captive conditions and for integrating in situ and ex situ conservation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gisele Orecife
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karla Chávez-Congrains
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alcides Pissinatti
- Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro, Guapimirim, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cauê Monticelli
- Departamento de Conservação e Pesquisas Aplicadas, Coordenadoria de Fauna Silvestre, Secretaria de Meio Ambiente, Infraestrutura e Logística do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Peter Galbusera
- Antwerp Zoo Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pedro Manoel Galetti
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Frye BM, McCoy DE, Kotler J, Embury A, Burkart JM, Burns M, Eyre S, Galbusera P, Hooper J, Idoe A, Goya AL, Mickelberg J, Quesada MP, Stevenson M, Sullivan S, Warneke M, Wojciechowski S, Wormell D, Haig D, Tardif SD. After short interbirth intervals, captive callitrichine monkeys have higher infant mortality. iScience 2022; 25:103724. [PMID: 35072012 PMCID: PMC8762461 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Life history theory predicts a trade-off between the quantity and quality of offspring. Short interbirth intervals-the time between successive births-may increase the quantity of offspring but harm offspring quality. In contrast, long interbirth intervals may bolster offspring quality while reducing overall reproductive output. Further research is needed to determine whether this relationship holds among primates, which have intensive parental investment. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we examined the effects of interbirth intervals (short, normal, or long) on infant survivorship using a large demographic dataset (n = 15,852) of captive callitrichine monkeys (marmosets, tamarins, and lion tamarins). In seven of the nine species studied, infants born after short interbirth intervals had significantly higher risks of mortality than infants born after longer interbirth intervals. These results suggest that reproduction in callitrichine primates may be limited by physiologic constraints, such that short birth spacing drives higher infant mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M. Frye
- Department of Biology, Emory & Henry College, Emory, VA 24327, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Dakota E. McCoy
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jennifer Kotler
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Amanda Embury
- Department of Wildlife Conservation and Science, Zoos Victoria, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Judith M. Burkart
- Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Monika Burns
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Simon Eyre
- Wellington Zoo, Newtown, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Peter Galbusera
- Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp (RZSA), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jacqui Hooper
- Wellington Zoo, Newtown, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Arun Idoe
- Apenheul Primate Park, Apeldoorn, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara Sullivan
- Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield, IL 60513, USA
| | - Mark Warneke
- Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield, IL 60513, USA
| | | | - Dominic Wormell
- Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Jersey, Channel Islands, UK
| | - David Haig
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Suzette D. Tardif
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
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3
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Hoban S, Bruford MW, Funk WC, Galbusera P, Griffith MP, Grueber CE, Heuertz M, Hunter ME, Hvilsom C, Stroil BK, Kershaw F, Khoury CK, Laikre L, Lopes-Fernandes M, MacDonald AJ, Mergeay J, Meek M, Mittan C, Mukassabi TA, O'Brien D, Ogden R, Palma-Silva C, Ramakrishnan U, Segelbacher G, Shaw RE, Sjögren-Gulve P, Veličković N, Vernesi C. Global Commitments to Conserving and Monitoring Genetic Diversity Are Now Necessary and Feasible. Bioscience 2021; 71:964-976. [PMID: 34475806 PMCID: PMC8407967 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Global conservation policy and action have largely neglected protecting and monitoring genetic diversity—one of the three main pillars of biodiversity. Genetic diversity (diversity within species) underlies species’ adaptation and survival, ecosystem resilience, and societal innovation. The low priority given to genetic diversity has largely been due to knowledge gaps in key areas, including the importance of genetic diversity and the trends in genetic diversity change; the perceived high expense and low availability and the scattered nature of genetic data; and complicated concepts and information that are inaccessible to policymakers. However, numerous recent advances in knowledge, technology, databases, practice, and capacity have now set the stage for better integration of genetic diversity in policy instruments and conservation efforts. We review these developments and explore how they can support improved consideration of genetic diversity in global conservation policy commitments and enable countries to monitor, report on, and take action to maintain or restore genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Hoban
- The Morton Arboretum, Center for Tree Science, Lisle, Illinois, United States
| | | | - W Chris Funk
- Department of Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Peter Galbusera
- Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Centre for Research and Conservation, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Catherine E Grueber
- University of Sydney's School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Myriam Heuertz
- INRAE, and the University of Bordeaux, Biogeco, Cestas, France
| | - Margaret E Hunter
- US Geological Survey's Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | | | - Belma Kalamujic Stroil
- University of Sarajevo Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Laboratory for Molecular Genetics of Natural Resources, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Francine Kershaw
- Natural Resources Defense Council, New York, New York, United States
| | - Colin K Khoury
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cali, Colombia
| | - Linda Laikre
- Department of Zoology, Division of Population Genetics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Anna J MacDonald
- Australian National University, John Curtin School of Medical Research and Research School of Biology, Canberra, Australia
| | - Joachim Mergeay
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Geraardsbergen, Belgium
| | - Mariah Meek
- Michigan State University Department of Integrative Biology, AgBio Research, Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - Cinnamon Mittan
- Cornell University's Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Tarek A Mukassabi
- University of Benghazi Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Benghazi, Libya
| | | | - Rob Ogden
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and with the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Uma Ramakrishnan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Gernot Segelbacher
- Chair of wildlife ecology and management, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robyn E Shaw
- Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Per Sjögren-Gulve
- Wildlife Analysis Unit, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nevena Veličković
- University of Novi Sad's Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Cristiano Vernesi
- Forest Ecology and Biogeochemical Fluxes Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all' Adige, Italy
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4
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McCoy DE, Frye BM, Kotler J, Embury A, Burkart JM, Burns M, Eyre S, Galbusera P, Hooper J, Idoe A, Goya AL, Mickelberg J, Quesada MP, Stevenson M, Sullivan S, Warneke M, Wojciechowski S, Wormell D, Haig D, Tardif SD. A comparative study of litter size and sex composition in a large dataset of callitrichine monkeys. Am J Primatol 2019; 81:e23038. [PMID: 31389057 PMCID: PMC6949018 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In many birds and mammals, the size and sex composition of litters can have important downstream effects for individual offspring. Primates are model organisms for questions of cooperation and conflict, but the factors shaping interactions among same-age siblings have been less-studied in primates because most species bear single young. However, callitrichines (marmosets, tamarins, and lion tamarins) frequently bear litters of two or more, thereby providing the opportunity to ask whether variation in the size and sex composition of litters affects development, survival, and reproduction. To investigate these questions, we compiled a large dataset of nine species of callitrichines (n = 27,080 individuals; Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Cebuella pygmaea, Saguinus imperator, Saguinus oedipus, Leontopithecus chrysomelas, Leontopithecus chrysopygus, Leontopithecus rosalia, and Callimico goeldii) from zoo and laboratory populations spanning 80 years (1938-2018). Through this comparative approach, we found several lines of evidence that litter size and sex composition may impact fitness. Singletons have higher survivorship than litter-born peers and they significantly outperform litter-born individuals on two measures of reproductive performance. Further, for some species, individuals born in a mixed-sex litter outperform isosexually-born individuals (i.e., those born in all-male or all-female litters), suggesting that same-sex competition may limit reproductive performance. We also document several interesting demographic trends. All but one species (C. pygmaea) has a male-biased birth sex ratio with higher survivorship from birth to sexual maturity among females (although this was significant in only two species). Isosexual litters occurred at the expected frequency (with one exception: C. pygmaea), unlike other animals, where isosexual litters are typically overrepresented. Taken together, our results indicate a modest negative effect of same-age sibling competition on reproductive output in captive callitrichines. This study also serves to illustrate the value of zoo and laboratory records for biological inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota E. McCoy
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Brett M. Frye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - Jennifer Kotler
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Amanda Embury
- Department of Wildlife Conservation and Science, Zoos Victoria, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Judith M. Burkart
- Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Monika Burns
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Simon Eyre
- Wellington Zoo, Newtown, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Peter Galbusera
- Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp (RZSA), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jacqui Hooper
- Wellington Zoo, Newtown, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Arun Idoe
- Apenheul Primate Park, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara Sullivan
- Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield, IL 60513, USA
| | - Mark Warneke
- Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield, IL 60513, USA
| | | | - Dominic Wormell
- Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Jersey, Channel Islands, UK
| | - David Haig
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Suzette D. Tardif
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas 78245, USA
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5
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Frantz LAF, Rudzinski A, Nugraha AMS, Evin A, Burton J, Hulme-Beaman A, Linderholm A, Barnett R, Vega R, Irving-Pease EK, Haile J, Allen R, Leus K, Shephard J, Hillyer M, Gillemot S, van den Hurk J, Ogle S, Atofanei C, Thomas MG, Johansson F, Mustari AH, Williams J, Mohamad K, Damayanti CS, Wiryadi ID, Obbles D, Mona S, Day H, Yasin M, Meker S, McGuire JA, Evans BJ, von Rintelen T, Ho SYW, Searle JB, Kitchener AC, Macdonald AA, Shaw DJ, Hall R, Galbusera P, Larson G. Synchronous diversification of Sulawesi's iconic artiodactyls driven by recent geological events. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:rspb.2017.2566. [PMID: 29643207 PMCID: PMC5904307 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The high degree of endemism on Sulawesi has previously been suggested to have vicariant origins, dating back to 40 Ma. Recent studies, however, suggest that much of Sulawesi's fauna assembled over the last 15 Myr. Here, we test the hypothesis that more recent uplift of previously submerged portions of land on Sulawesi promoted diversification and that much of its faunal assemblage is much younger than the island itself. To do so, we combined palaeogeographical reconstructions with genetic and morphometric datasets derived from Sulawesi's three largest mammals: the babirusa, anoa and Sulawesi warty pig. Our results indicate that although these species most likely colonized the area that is now Sulawesi at different times (14 Ma to 2–3 Ma), they experienced an almost synchronous expansion from the central part of the island. Geological reconstructions indicate that this area was above sea level for most of the last 4 Myr, unlike most parts of the island. We conclude that emergence of land on Sulawesi (approx. 1–2 Myr) may have allowed species to expand synchronously. Altogether, our results indicate that the establishment of the highly endemic faunal assemblage on Sulawesi was driven by geological events over the last few million years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent A F Frantz
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK .,The Palaeogenomics & Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Anna Rudzinski
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Allowen Evin
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, Cedex 05, France.,Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, 12-14 Abercromby Square, Liverpool L69 7WZ, UK
| | - James Burton
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK.,IUCN SSC Asian Wild Cattle Specialist Group and Chester Zoo, Cedar House, Caughall Road, Upton by Chester, Chester CH2 1LH, UK
| | - Ardern Hulme-Beaman
- The Palaeogenomics & Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.,Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, 12-14 Abercromby Square, Liverpool L69 7WZ, UK
| | - Anna Linderholm
- The Palaeogenomics & Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.,Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4352, USA
| | - Ross Barnett
- The Palaeogenomics & Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.,Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Rodrigo Vega
- Ecology Research Group, Section of Life Sciences, School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, North Holmes Road, Canterbury CT1 1QU, Kent, UK
| | - Evan K Irving-Pease
- The Palaeogenomics & Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | - James Haile
- The Palaeogenomics & Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.,Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Richard Allen
- The Palaeogenomics & Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Kristin Leus
- Copenhagen Zoo, IUCN SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group-Europe, Roskildevej 38, Postboks 7, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark.,European Association of Zoos and Aquaria, PO Box 20164, 1000 HD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jill Shephard
- Centre for Research and Conservation (CRC), Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Koningin Astridplein 20-26, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium.,Environment and Conservation Sciences, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Mia Hillyer
- Centre for Research and Conservation (CRC), Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Koningin Astridplein 20-26, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium.,Molecular Systematics Unit/Terrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah Gillemot
- Centre for Research and Conservation (CRC), Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Koningin Astridplein 20-26, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jeroen van den Hurk
- Centre for Research and Conservation (CRC), Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Koningin Astridplein 20-26, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sharron Ogle
- Edinburgh Medical School: BMTO, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Cristina Atofanei
- Ecology Research Group, Section of Life Sciences, School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, North Holmes Road, Canterbury CT1 1QU, Kent, UK
| | - Mark G Thomas
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Abdul Haris Mustari
- Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University, PO Box 168, Bogor 16001, Indonesia
| | - John Williams
- Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Southern Australia 5371, Australia
| | - Kusdiantoro Mohamad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Jalan Agatis, IPB Campus, Darmaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Chandramaya Siska Damayanti
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Jalan Agatis, IPB Campus, Darmaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | | | - Dagmar Obbles
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephano Mona
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 - CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, 16 rue Buffon, CP39, 75005 Paris, France.,EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Stefan Meker
- Department of Zoology, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jimmy A McGuire
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ben J Evans
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas von Rintelen
- Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Y W Ho
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Jeremy B Searle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Corson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Andrew C Kitchener
- Department of Natural Sciences, Chambers Street, National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh EH1 1JF, UK.,Institute of Geography, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Drummond Street, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, UK
| | - Alastair A Macdonald
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Darren J Shaw
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Robert Hall
- SE Asia Research Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Peter Galbusera
- Centre for Research and Conservation (CRC), Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Koningin Astridplein 20-26, 2018 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Greger Larson
- The Palaeogenomics & Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
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6
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Colli L, Milanesi M, Vajana E, Iamartino D, Bomba L, Puglisi F, Del Corvo M, Nicolazzi EL, Ahmed SSE, Herrera JRV, Cruz L, Zhang S, Liang A, Hua G, Yang L, Hao X, Zuo F, Lai SJ, Wang S, Liu R, Gong Y, Mokhber M, Mao Y, Guan F, Vlaic A, Vlaic B, Ramunno L, Cosenza G, Ahmad A, Soysal I, Ünal EÖ, Ketudat-Cairns M, Garcia JF, Utsunomiya YT, Baruselli PS, Amaral MEJ, Parnpai R, Drummond MG, Galbusera P, Burton J, Hoal E, Yusnizar Y, Sumantri C, Moioli B, Valentini A, Stella A, Williams JL, Ajmone-Marsan P. New Insights on Water Buffalo Genomic Diversity and Post-Domestication Migration Routes From Medium Density SNP Chip Data. Front Genet 2018; 9:53. [PMID: 29552025 PMCID: PMC5841121 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The domestic water buffalo is native to the Asian continent but through historical migrations and recent importations, nowadays has a worldwide distribution. The two types of water buffalo, i.e., river and swamp, display distinct morphological and behavioral traits, different karyotypes and also have different purposes and geographical distributions. River buffaloes from Pakistan, Iran, Turkey, Egypt, Romania, Bulgaria, Italy, Mozambique, Brazil and Colombia, and swamp buffaloes from China, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia and Brazil were genotyped with a species-specific medium-density 90K SNP panel. We estimated the levels of molecular diversity and described population structure, which revealed historical relationships between populations and migration events. Three distinct gene pools were identified in pure river as well as in pure swamp buffalo populations. Genomic admixture was seen in the Philippines and in Brazil, resulting from importations of animals for breed improvement. Our results were largely consistent with previous archeological, historical and molecular-based evidence for two independent domestication events for river- and swamp-type buffaloes, which occurred in the Indo-Pakistani region and close to the China/Indochina border, respectively. Based on a geographical analysis of the distribution of diversity, our evidence also indicated that the water buffalo spread out of the domestication centers followed two major divergent migration directions: river buffaloes migrated west from the Indian sub-continent while swamp buffaloes migrated from northern Indochina via an east-south-eastern route. These data suggest that the current distribution of water buffalo diversity has been shaped by the combined effects of multiple migration events occurred at different stages of the post-domestication history of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Colli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.,Centro di Ricerca sulla Biodiversità e sul DNA Antico (BioDNA), Piacenza, Italy
| | - Marco Milanesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.,Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, Brazil.,International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Colaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Elia Vajana
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Daniela Iamartino
- PTP Science Park, Lodi, Italy.,LGS-AIA Associazione Italiana Allevatori, Cremona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bomba
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Puglisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Biotecnologiche e Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marcello Del Corvo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | | | - Sahar S E Ahmed
- Cell Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | | | - Shujun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aixin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohua Hua
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingjie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuyuan Zuo
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Song-Jia Lai
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuilian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruyu Liu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Mahdi Mokhber
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yongjiang Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Feng Guan
- College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Augustin Vlaic
- Department of Animal Genetics, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Vlaic
- Department of Animal Genetics, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Luigi Ramunno
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Cosenza
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Ali Ahmad
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Soysal
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Emel Ö Ünal
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Mariena Ketudat-Cairns
- School of Biotechnology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - José F Garcia
- Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, Brazil.,International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Colaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, Araçatuba, Brazil.,Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp.), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yuri T Utsunomiya
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Colaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, Araçatuba, Brazil.,Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp.), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pietro S Baruselli
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria E J Amaral
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Rangsun Parnpai
- School of Biotechnology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | | | - Peter Galbusera
- Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - James Burton
- IUCN SSC Asian Wild Cattle Specialist Group and Chester Zoo, Upton by Chester, United Kingdom.,Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Hoal
- NRF/DST Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, MRC Centre for TB Research, and Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Yulnawati Yusnizar
- Research Centre for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jalan Raya, Indonesia.,Indonesian Buffalo Conservation and Breeding Centre, Ciapus-Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Cece Sumantri
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Bianca Moioli
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Alessio Valentini
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, DIBAF, Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | - John L Williams
- The Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Paolo Ajmone-Marsan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.,Centro di Ricerca sulla Biodiversità e sul DNA Antico (BioDNA), Piacenza, Italy
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7
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Stanton DWG, Hart J, Galbusera P, Helsen P, Shephard J, Kümpel NF, Wang J, Ewen JG, Bruford MW. Distinct and diverse: range-wide phylogeography reveals ancient lineages and high genetic variation in the endangered okapi (Okapia johnstoni). PLoS One 2014; 9:e101081. [PMID: 25007188 PMCID: PMC4090074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The okapi is an endangered, evolutionarily distinctive even-toed ungulate classified within the giraffidae family that is endemic to the Democratic Republic of Congo. The okapi is currently under major anthropogenic threat, yet to date nothing is known about its genetic structure and evolutionary history, information important for conservation management given the species' current plight. The distribution of the okapi, being confined to the Congo Basin and yet spanning the Congo River, also makes it an important species for testing general biogeographic hypotheses for Congo Basin fauna, a currently understudied area of research. Here we describe the evolutionary history and genetic structure of okapi, in the context of other African ungulates including the giraffe, and use this information to shed light on the biogeographic history of Congo Basin fauna in general. Using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis of mainly non-invasively collected samples, we show that the okapi is both highly genetically distinct and highly genetically diverse, an unusual combination of genetic traits for an endangered species, and feature a complex evolutionary history. Genetic data are consistent with repeated climatic cycles leading to multiple Plio-Pleistocene refugia in isolated forests in the Congo catchment but also imply historic gene flow across the Congo River.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Hart
- Lukuru Foundation, Projet Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba (TL2), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Peter Galbusera
- Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Philippe Helsen
- Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jill Shephard
- Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Noëlle F. Kümpel
- Conservation Programmes, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jinliang Wang
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John G. Ewen
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Hoban S, Arntzen JW, Bertorelle G, Bryja J, Fernandes M, Frith K, Gaggiotti O, Galbusera P, Godoy JA, Hauffe HC, Rus Hoelzel A, Nichols RA, Pérez-Espona S, Primmer C, Russo IRM, Segelbacher G, Siegismund HR, Sihvonen M, Sjögren-Gulve P, Vernesi C, Vilà C, Bruford MW. Conservation Genetic Resources for Effective Species Survival (ConGRESS): Bridging the divide between conservation research and practice. J Nat Conserv 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Shephard JM, Ogden R, Tryjanowski P, Olsson O, Galbusera P. Is population structure in the European white stork determined by flyway permeability rather than translocation history? Ecol Evol 2013; 3:4881-95. [PMID: 24455123 PMCID: PMC3892355 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
European white stork are long considered to diverge to eastern and western migration pools as a result of independent overwintering flyways. In relatively recent times, the western and northern distribution has been subject to dramatic population declines and country-specific extirpations. A number of independent reintroduction programs were started in the mid 1950s to bring storks back to historical ranges. Founder individuals were sourced opportunistically from the Eastern and Western European distributions and Algeria, leading to significant artificial mixing between eastern and western flyways. Here we use mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA to test the contention that prior to translocation, eastern and western flyways were genetically distinct. The data show a surprising lack of structure at any spatial or temporal scale suggesting that even though birds were moved between flyways, there is evidence of natural mixing prior to the onset of translocation activities. Overall a high retention of genetic diversity, high Nef, and an apparent absence of recent genetic bottleneck associated with early 20th century declines suggest that the species is well equipped to respond to future environmental pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Shephard
- Centre for Research and Conservation - Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp Koningen Astridplein 26, 2018, Antwerp, Belgium ; School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - Rob Ogden
- Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh Zoo 134 Corstorphine Road, Edinburgh, EH12 6TS, UK
| | - Piotr Tryjanowski
- Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences Wojska Polskiego 71 C, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ola Olsson
- Department of Ecology, Animal Ecology, Lund University SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Galbusera
- Centre for Research and Conservation - Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp Koningen Astridplein 26, 2018, Antwerp, Belgium
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10
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Callens T, Galbusera P, Matthysen E, Durand EY, Githiru M, Huyghe JR, Lens L. Genetic signature of population fragmentation varies with mobility in seven bird species of a fragmented Kenyan cloud forest. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:1829-44. [PMID: 21492264 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05028.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation can restrict geneflow, reduce neighbourhood effective population size, and increase genetic drift and inbreeding in small, isolated habitat remnants. The extent to which habitat fragmentation leads to population fragmentation, however, differs among landscapes and taxa. Commonly, researchers use information on the current status of a species to predict population effects of habitat fragmentation. Such methods, however, do not convey information on species-specific responses to fragmentation. Here, we compare levels of past population differentiation, estimated from microsatellite genotypes, with contemporary dispersal rates, estimated from multi-strata capture-recapture models, to infer changes in mobility over time in seven sympatric, forest-dependent bird species of a Kenyan cloud forest archipelago. Overall, populations of sedentary species were more strongly differentiated and clustered compared to those of vagile ones, while geographical patterning suggested an important role of landscape structure in shaping genetic variation. However, five of seven species with broadly similar levels of genetic differentiation nevertheless differed substantially in their current dispersal rates. We conclude that post-fragmentation levels of vagility, without reference to past population connectivity, may not be the best predictor of how forest fragmentation affects the life history of forest-dependent species. As effective conservation strategies often hinge on accurate prediction of shifts in ecological and genetic relationships among populations, conservation practices based solely upon current population abundances or movements may, in the long term, prove to be inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Callens
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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11
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Shephard JM, Galbusera P, Hellemans B, Jusic A, Akhandaf Y. Isolation and characterization of a new suite of microsatellite markers in the European White Stork, Ciconia ciconia. CONSERV GENET 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-008-9784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Van Coillie S, Galbusera P, Roeder AD, Schempp W, Stevens JMG, Leus K, Reinartz G, Pereboom Z. Molecular paternity determination in captive bonobos and the impact of inbreeding on infant mortality. Anim Conserv 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2008.00186.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Measey GJ, Galbusera P, Breyne P, Matthysen E. Gene flow in a direct-developing, leaf litter frog between isolated mountains in the Taita Hills, Kenya. CONSERV GENET 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-006-9272-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Trizio I, Crestanello B, Galbusera P, Wauters LA, Tosi G, Matthysen E, Hauffe HC. Geographical distance and physical barriers shape the genetic structure of Eurasian red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) in the Italian Alps. Mol Ecol 2005; 14:469-81. [PMID: 15660938 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2005.02428.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) are widely distributed throughout Eurasia, occurring in many types of coniferous and mixed-deciduous forests. In fragmented landscapes, small and partly isolated populations with low immigration rates show reduced genetic diversity, but reforestation can increase gene flow and restore levels of genetic variation in a few decades. No studies have so far investigated the genetic structure of red squirrel in large, continuous forests. The Italian Alps are presently characterized by almost continuous, recently reconnected forest habitats, that were affected by deep landscape changes during last glaciations but remained mostly unchanged between 10 000 and 200 years bp, when forest cover was heavily reduced. In this study we analyse patterns of genetic variability of red squirrels in and between seven sites distributed over 250 km of Alpine habitat, using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and microsatellites. We use isolation-by-distance (IBD) models to investigate the relative importance that past (Pleistocene glaciations) and recent (fragmentation, bottlenecks) events had on the present genetic situation. Both nuclear and mtDNA data indicate a significant differentiation among study sites and a significant correlation between genetic and geographical distance only over a large scale. No recent bottlenecks are recorded through microsatellites and demographic models strongly support equilibrium between gene flow and drift; however, mtDNA suggests that there may have been local demographic crashes, probably in correspondence with the 19th-century forest fragmentation. These findings indicate that local landscape factors other than geographical distance per se, such as barriers of unsuitable habitat, affect gene flow and determine differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Trizio
- Department Environment-Health-Security, University of Insubria, Varese, Via J.H. Dunant 3, I-21100 Varese, Italy
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Abstract
We examined the effects of habitat fragmentation of the white-starred robin Pogonocichla stellata metapopulation in the Taita Hills archipelago, a hotspot for biodiversity which was fragmented approximately 40 years ago. Using seven microsatellite markers, we analysed the robin's genetic structure and tested for equilibrium between migration and drift (testing the probability of decreased dispersal) as well as between mutation and drift (test for recent reduction in effective population size, i.e. bottlenecks). This metapopulation was found to retain relatively high levels of genetic variability (H(E) between 0.63 and 0.71) and to be in migration-drift equilibrium, suggesting that increased isolation between fragments did not have much effect on the dispersal between them. Furthermore, this equilibrium test greatly enhanced the interpretation of parameters (e.g. F(ST)) assumed to have reached an equilibrium value. In contrast to previous findings on the related and sympatric Taita thrush Turdus helleri (which is critically endangered), there were no indications for recent bottlenecks in any of the robin subpopulations. This difference can be attributed to the higher dispersal capacity of the robin compared with the thrush (deduced from both the genetic and capture-recapture data). Our results stress the importance of sustained dispersal for species conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Galbusera
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Abstract
To investigate whether changes in land use and associated forest patch turnover affected genetic diversity and structure of the forest herb Primula elatior, historical data on landscape changes were combined with a population genetic analysis using dominant amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. Based on nine topographic maps, landscape history was reconstructed and forest patches were assigned to two age classes: young (less than 35 years) and old (more than 35 years). The level of differentiation among Primula populations in recently established patches was compared with the level of differentiation among populations in older patches. Genetic diversity was independent of population size (P > 0.05). Most genetic variation was present within populations. Within-population diversity levels tended to be higher for populations located in older forests compared with those for populations located in young forests (Hj = 0.297 and 0.285, respectively). Total gene diversity was also higher for old than for young populations (Ht = 0.2987 and 0.2828, respectively). The global fixation index FST averaged over loci was low, but significant. Populations in older patches were significantly more differentiated from each other than were populations in recently established patches and they showed significant isolation by distance. In contrast, no significant correlations between pairwise geographical distance and FST were found for populations in recently established patches. The location of young and old populations in the studied system and altered gene flow because of increased population density and decreased inter-patch distances between extant populations may explain the observed lower genetic differentiation in the younger populations. This study exemplifies the importance of incorporating data on historical landscape changes in population genetic research at the landscape scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Jacquemyn
- Laboratory for Forest, Nature and Landscape Research, University of Leuven, Belgium.
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Abstract
Studies of inbreeding depression or kin selection require knowledge of relatedness between individuals. If pedigree information is lacking, one has to rely on genotypic information to infer relatedness. In this study we investigated the performance (absolute and relative) of 10 marker-based relatedness estimators using allele frequencies at microsatellite loci obtained from natural populations of two bird species and one mammal species. Using Monte Carlo simulations we show that many factors affect the performance of estimators and that different sets of loci promote the use of different estimators: in general, there is no single best-performing estimator. The use of locus-specific weights turns out to greatly improve the performance of estimators when marker loci are used that differ strongly in allele frequency distribution. Microsatellite-based estimates are expected to explain between 25 and 79% of variation in true relatedness depending on the microsatellite dataset and on the population composition (i.e. the frequency distribution of relationship in the population). We recommend performing Monte Carlo simulations to decide which estimator to use in studies of pairwise relatedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Van de Casteele
- University of Antwerp -- UIA, Biology Department, Laboratory of Animal Ecology, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Lens L, Van Dongen S, Galbusera P, Schenck T, Matthysen E, Van De Casteele T. Developmental instability and inbreeding in natural bird populations exposed to different levels of habitat disturbance. J Evol Biol 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2000.00232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Galbusera P, Volckaert FA, Hellemans B, Ollevier F. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Mol Ecol 1996; 5:703-5. [PMID: 8873472 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.1996.tb00366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Galbusera
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Ecology and Aquaculture, Belgium.
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Volckaert FA, Hellemans BA, Galbusera P, Ollevier F, Sekkali B, Belayew A. Replication, expression, and fate of foreign DNA during embryonic and larval development of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol 1994; 3:57-69. [PMID: 8087184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The transfer of exogenous DNA in fish represents a powerful strategy to study the regulation of gene expression in vivo. The African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) was chosen for this study because of its scientific and economic importance due to its easy husbandry, its short developmental period, and its value as a protein source in Africa and Asia. Fertilized eggs (1- and 2-cell stage) were cytoplasmatically injected with either supercoiled or linearized plasmids harboring the fusion genes encoding beta-galactosidase (lacZ) or luciferase (Luc) without a promoter or fused to the promoter/enhancer of human cytomegalovirus (CMV). Replication of the exogenous DNA peaked at 4 hours (early gastrula) and again at 2 days (which corresponds to the developmental stage of yolksac resorption). Foreign DNA persisted during embryogenesis, and it was still detectable 8 months after injection. In vivo transient expression of both CMV fusion genes was mosaic and peaked within 24 hours after DNA injection. Transient expression of the luciferase reporter gene could be detected with a much higher sensitivity than the lacZ gene. These data establish African catfish as a suitable in vivo assay system, and they confirm the luciferase reporter gene as a high quality reporter gene in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Volckaert
- Laboratory of Ecology and Aquaculture, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
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