Assessment of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Surgical Patients and Association Factors at Thu Duc District Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam in 2018

Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) is considered an important interventional tool for antimicrobial resistance. Guideline compliance was poor across different countries and this results in an inappropriate and overuse of antibiotics. The study was cross-sectional, combining qualitative and quantitative. The Research used the MOH’s Antibiotic Preventive Medicine Guidelines as the standard to verify surgical preventive treatment compliance from patient medical records. Research performed on 373 medical records with surgical indications. The study was conducted from January to June 2019. Data were entered using Epidata software and processed by SPSS software version 19.0. Analysis: calculating OR for related factors. The compliance rate of using prophylactic antibiotics was 83.1%. There is a relationship between the type of incision, the length of time surgery, and compliance with surgical prophylactic use of antibiotics (P < .05). Barriers to adherence to prophylactic antimicrobial therapy include: overcrowding patients, health-care workers “broad-spectrum antibiotic use habits, and health-care workers” views on surgical and muscle environment, the material was not completely sterilized.

Long-term field insecticide susceptibility data and laboratory experiments reveal evidence for cross resistance to other neonicotinoids in the imidacloprid-resistant brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens

BACKGROUND

Long-term monitoring data is helpful to understand the fluctuation of susceptibility and pattern of cross resistance in insecticide resistance management. After the occurrence of imidacloprid resistance, the brown planthopper (BPH) has gradually developed resistance to thiamethoxam and clothianidin since 2010, but not to dinotefuran and nitenpyram. Here, we analyzed susceptibilities data of five neonicotinoids during 2005-2017 in East Asia and Vietnam to conduct cross-resistance patterns among neonicotinoids. To determine the factors of development of cross resistance in laboratory bioassays, we used the imidacloprid resistant and control strains that were selected from filed populations in the Philippines and Vietnam.

RESULTS

The Linear Mixed Models (LMM) analyses of insecticide susceptibility data showed that the slope values of imidacloprid resistance effects were 0.68 and 1.09 for resistance to thiamethoxam and clothianidin, respectively. Laboratory bioassay results showed that the LD₅₀ values for thiamethoxam and clothianidin in resistant strains (1.4-5.5 μg g^-1 ) were 3.2-16.4 times higher than those in the control strains (0.28-1.5 μg g^-1 ). However, the increase in the LD₅₀ values for imidacloprid was not related to that for dinotefuran and nitenpyram based on the results of the LMM analysis and laboratory bioassay.

CONCLUSION

Our results demonstrate that the development of imidacloprid resistance result in strong-cross resistance to some neonicotinoids, thiamethoxam and clothianidin, but not to others, dinotefuran and nitenpyram. We anticipate that our findings will be a starting point for understanding mechanism of the different trend of cross resistance by analyzing long-term susceptibility data and laboratory bioassays in insect pests. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

A Leadership and Managerial Competency Framework for Public Hospital Managers in Vietnam

Objective

The aim of this paper was to develop a leadership and managerial competency framework for public hospital managers in Vietnam.

Methods

This mixed-method study used a four-step approach. The first step was a position description content analysis to identify the tasks hospital managers are required to carry out. The resulting data were used to identify the leadership and managerial competency factors and items in the second step. In the third step, a workshop was organized to reach consensus about the validity of these competency factors and items. Finally, a quantitative survey was conducted across a sample of 891 hospital managers who are working in the selected hospitals in seven geographical regions in Vietnam to validate the competency scales using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Cronbach's alpha.

Results

The study identified a number of tasks required for public hospital managers and confirmed the competencies for implementing these tasks effectively. Four dimensions with 14 components and 81 items of leadership and managerial competencies were identified. These components exhibited 83.8% of variance and Cronbach's alpha were at good level of 0.9.

Conclusions

These competencies are required for public hospital managers which provide guidance to the further development of the competency-based training for the current management taskforce and preparing future hospital managers.

Insecticide susceptibilities of the two rice planthoppers Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera in East Asia, the Red River Delta, and the Mekong Delta

BACKGROUND

The two rice planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera, have different life cycles in the regions of East Asia, the Red River Delta, and the Mekong Delta. The susceptibilities of these species to a range of insecticides have not previously been compared among the three regions over multiple years. Here, we describe the differences and similarities in insecticide susceptibilities of the two species among the three regions in 2006-2011.

RESULTS

In all three regions in 2006 - 2011, N. lugens developed high and moderate levels of resistance to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, respectively, but this species did not develop resistance to fipronil. In contrast, S. furcifera developed a high level of resistance to fipronil. The ranges in 50% lethal dose (LD₅₀ ) values for N. lugens treated with both imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were similar over time between East Asia and the Red River Delta, and were different in the Mekong Delta.

CONCLUSION

The results support the idea that resistant populations migrate from the Red River Delta region to East Asia. Therefore, continuous monitoring of the susceptibility of N. lugens to insecticides in the Red River Delta is very important for insecticide resistance management in East Asia. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Methods for the 2016 Socioeconomic and Health Survey in Chi Linh Health and Demographic Surveillance System (CHILILAB HDSS)

The Chi Linh Health and Demographic Surveillance System (CHILILAB HDSS) was established in 2004 in Chi Linh District, Hai Duong Province (Northern Vietnam). Up to 2013, 22 rounds of data collection at CHILILAB HDSS had been completed. This article reports the methods and key sociodemographic characteristics of households and individuals captured by the survey conducted among the subsamples of CHILILAB HDSS in 2016. We observed and compared them to the previous HDSS survey rounds and found no significant differences for household size and gender compositions in CHILILAB HDSS. The educational level and economic status of CHILILAB people in 2016 have improved. However, it can be seen that the Chi Linh population is undergoing a strong “aging” trend.

Assessment of injection safety in Ha Dong General Hospital, Hanoi, in 2012

Background: Injection is one of the most frequently used medical methods to introduce drugs or other substances into the body for purposes of treatment or prevention. Unsafe injection can cause adverse outcomes, such as abscess and anaphylactic shock, and increases the risk of blood-borne transmission of viruses to patients and health care workers, as well as the community. Recognizing the importance of injection safety, in 2000 the Vietnamese Ministry of Health (MOH) collaborated with the Vietnam Nurses Association to launch the "Safe injection" program throughout the country, including Hanoi. Methods: This cross-sectional study, combining quantitative and qualitative analysis, was conducted from February to August 2012 in Ha Dong General Hospital using a structured questionnaire and observation checklist. The target population of the study was 109 nurses working in clinical departments and 436 injections were observed. Results: The percentage of nurses who are familiar with injection safety standards was found to be 82.6%. The proportion of practical injections that met the 23 standards of injection safety set by the MOH amounted to 22.2%. The factors related to safe injection practice of nurses who were younger age group (OR=3.1; p<0.05) and fewer number of years working as a nurse (OR=2.8; p<0.05). Conclusions: While nurses have high level of knowledge about safe injections but a small proportion actually practiced. Experience may not always guarantee safe practices.  Injection safety training should be regularly imparted upon all categories of nurses.