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Jaskolowski M, Ramrath DJF, Bieri P, Niemann M, Mattei S, Calderaro S, Leibundgut M, Horn EK, Boehringer D, Schneider A, Ban N. Structural Insights into the Mechanism of Mitoribosomal Large Subunit Biogenesis. Mol Cell 2020; 79:629-644.e4. [PMID: 32679035 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the bacterial translation machinery, mitoribosomes and mitochondrial translation factors are highly divergent in terms of composition and architecture. There is increasing evidence that the biogenesis of mitoribosomes is an intricate pathway, involving many assembly factors. To better understand this process, we investigated native assembly intermediates of the mitoribosomal large subunit from the human parasite Trypanosoma brucei using cryo-electron microscopy. We identify 28 assembly factors, 6 of which are homologous to bacterial and eukaryotic ribosome assembly factors. They interact with the partially folded rRNA by specifically recognizing functionally important regions such as the peptidyltransferase center. The architectural and compositional comparison of the assembly intermediates indicates a stepwise modular assembly process, during which the rRNA folds toward its mature state. During the process, several conserved GTPases and a helicase form highly intertwined interaction networks that stabilize distinct assembly intermediates. The presented structures provide general insights into mitoribosomal maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philipp Bieri
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Niemann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Simone Mattei
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Salvatore Calderaro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | | | - Elke K Horn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | | | - André Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland.
| | - Nenad Ban
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland.
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Saurer M, Ramrath DJF, Niemann M, Calderaro S, Prange C, Mattei S, Scaiola A, Leitner A, Bieri P, Horn EK, Leibundgut M, Boehringer D, Schneider A, Ban N. Mitoribosomal small subunit biogenesis in trypanosomes involves an extensive assembly machinery. Science 2020; 365:1144-1149. [PMID: 31515389 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw5570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) are large ribonucleoprotein complexes that synthesize proteins encoded by the mitochondrial genome. An extensive cellular machinery responsible for ribosome assembly has been described only for eukaryotic cytosolic ribosomes. Here we report that the assembly of the small mitoribosomal subunit in Trypanosoma brucei involves a large number of factors and proceeds through the formation of assembly intermediates, which we analyzed by using cryo-electron microscopy. One of them is a 4-megadalton complex, referred to as the small subunit assemblosome, in which we identified 34 factors that interact with immature ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and recognize its functionally important regions. The assembly proceeds through large-scale conformational changes in rRNA coupled with successive incorporation of mitoribosomal proteins, providing an example for the complexity of the ribosomal assembly process in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Saurer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David J F Ramrath
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Niemann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Salvatore Calderaro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Céline Prange
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simone Mattei
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alain Scaiola
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Leitner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Bieri
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elke K Horn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc Leibundgut
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Boehringer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Nenad Ban
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Ramrath DJF, Niemann M, Leibundgut M, Bieri P, Prange C, Horn EK, Leitner A, Boehringer D, Schneider A, Ban N. Evolutionary shift toward protein-based architecture in trypanosomal mitochondrial ribosomes. Science 2018; 362:science.aau7735. [PMID: 30213880 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau7735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) plays key functional and architectural roles in ribosomes. Using electron microscopy, we determined the atomic structure of a highly divergent ribosome found in mitochondria of Trypanosoma brucei, a unicellular parasite that causes sleeping sickness in humans. The trypanosomal mitoribosome features the smallest rRNAs and contains more proteins than all known ribosomes. The structure shows how the proteins have taken over the role of architectural scaffold from the rRNA: They form an autonomous outer shell that surrounds the entire particle and stabilizes and positions the functionally important regions of the rRNA. Our results also reveal the "minimal" set of conserved rRNA and protein components shared by all ribosomes that help us define the most essential functional elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J F Ramrath
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Niemann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc Leibundgut
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Bieri
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Céline Prange
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elke K Horn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Leitner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Boehringer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nenad Ban
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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van de Waterbeemd M, Tamara S, Fort KL, Damoc E, Franc V, Bieri P, Itten M, Makarov A, Ban N, Heck AJR. Dissecting ribosomal particles throughout the kingdoms of life using advanced hybrid mass spectrometry methods. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2493. [PMID: 29950687 PMCID: PMC6021402 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomolecular mass spectrometry has matured strongly over the past decades and has now reached a stage where it can provide deep insights into the structure and composition of large cellular assemblies. Here, we describe a three-tiered hybrid mass spectrometry approach that enables the dissection of macromolecular complexes in order to complement structural studies. To demonstrate the capabilities of the approach, we investigate ribosomes, large ribonucleoprotein particles consisting of a multitude of protein and RNA subunits. We identify sites of sequence processing, protein post-translational modifications, and the assembly and stoichiometry of individual ribosomal proteins in four distinct ribosomal particles of bacterial, plant and human origin. Amongst others, we report extensive cysteine methylation in the zinc finger domain of the human S27 protein, the heptameric stoichiometry of the chloroplastic stalk complex, the heterogeneous composition of human 40S ribosomal subunits and their association to the CrPV, and HCV internal ribosome entry site RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel van de Waterbeemd
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CH, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, 3584CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sem Tamara
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CH, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, 3584CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kyle L Fort
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CH, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, 3584CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 28199, Bremen, Germany
| | - Eugen Damoc
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 28199, Bremen, Germany
| | - Vojtech Franc
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CH, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, 3584CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Philipp Bieri
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Itten
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Makarov
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CH, The Netherlands
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 28199, Bremen, Germany
| | - Nenad Ban
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CH, The Netherlands.
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, 3584CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Bieri P, Greber BJ, Ban N. High-resolution structures of mitochondrial ribosomes and their functional implications. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2018; 49:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Bar-Yaacov D, Frumkin I, Yashiro Y, Chujo T, Ishigami Y, Chemla Y, Blumberg A, Schlesinger O, Bieri P, Greber B, Ban N, Zarivach R, Alfonta L, Pilpel Y, Suzuki T, Mishmar D. Correction: Mitochondrial 16S rRNA Is Methylated by tRNA Methyltransferase TRMT61B in All Vertebrates. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e1002594. [PMID: 28103231 PMCID: PMC5245792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Bieri P, Leibundgut M, Saurer M, Boehringer D, Ban N. The complete structure of the chloroplast 70S ribosome in complex with translation factor pY. EMBO J 2016; 36:475-486. [PMID: 28007896 PMCID: PMC5694952 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201695959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloroplasts are cellular organelles of plants and algae that are responsible for energy conversion and carbon fixation by the photosynthetic reaction. As a consequence of their endosymbiotic origin, they still contain their own genome and the machinery for protein biosynthesis. Here, we present the atomic structure of the chloroplast 70S ribosome prepared from spinach leaves and resolved by cryo‐EM at 3.4 Å resolution. The complete structure reveals the features of the 4.5S rRNA, which probably evolved by the fragmentation of the 23S rRNA, and all five plastid‐specific ribosomal proteins. These proteins, required for proper assembly and function of the chloroplast translation machinery, bind and stabilize rRNA including regions that only exist in the chloroplast ribosome. Furthermore, the structure reveals plastid‐specific extensions of ribosomal proteins that extensively remodel the mRNA entry and exit site on the small subunit as well as the polypeptide tunnel exit and the putative binding site of the signal recognition particle on the large subunit. The translation factor pY, involved in light‐ and temperature‐dependent control of protein synthesis, is bound to the mRNA channel of the small subunit and interacts with 16S rRNA nucleotides at the A‐site and P‐site, where it protects the decoding centre and inhibits translation by preventing tRNA binding. The small subunit is locked by pY in a non‐rotated state, in which the intersubunit bridges to the large subunit are stabilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Bieri
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc Leibundgut
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Saurer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Boehringer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nenad Ban
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Bar-Yaacov D, Frumkin I, Yashiro Y, Chujo T, Ishigami Y, Chemla Y, Blumberg A, Schlesinger O, Bieri P, Greber B, Ban N, Zarivach R, Alfonta L, Pilpel Y, Suzuki T, Mishmar D. Mitochondrial 16S rRNA Is Methylated by tRNA Methyltransferase TRMT61B in All Vertebrates. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e1002557. [PMID: 27631568 PMCID: PMC5025228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial ribosome, which translates all mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded proteins, should be tightly regulated pre- and post-transcriptionally. Recently, we found RNA-DNA differences (RDDs) at human mitochondrial 16S (large) rRNA position 947 that were indicative of post-transcriptional modification. Here, we show that these 16S rRNA RDDs result from a 1-methyladenosine (m1A) modification introduced by TRMT61B, thus being the first vertebrate methyltransferase that modifies both tRNA and rRNAs. m1A947 is conserved in humans and all vertebrates having adenine at the corresponding mtDNA position (90% of vertebrates). However, this mtDNA base is a thymine in 10% of the vertebrates and a guanine in the 23S rRNA of 95% of bacteria, suggesting alternative evolutionary solutions. m1A, uridine, or guanine may stabilize the local structure of mitochondrial and bacterial ribosomes. Experimental assessment of genome-edited Escherichia coli showed that unmodified adenine caused impaired protein synthesis and growth. Our findings revealed a conserved mechanism of rRNA modification that has been selected instead of DNA mutations to enable proper mitochondrial ribosome function. Two solutions were selected during evolution to allow proper function of the vertebrate mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNAeither RNA methylation by a tRNA methyltransferase or ancient evolutionary mutation. RNA modifications constitute an important layer of information, with functional implications that are not written in the underlying DNA sequence. Recently, we observed an apparent RNA-DNA difference (RDD) at position 947 of the human mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), but its nature and mechanism were unclear. Here we show that this disparity reflects an m1A modification (methylation at position 1 of the adenine moiety), and demonstrated by a combination of knock-down experiments in cells and in vitro methylation assays that the tRNA methyltransferase TRMT61B is the best candidate enzyme to introduce this modification. We also show that this modification is present in most of the 16S rRNA molecules in isolated mitochondrial ribosomes, and that it occurs in all vertebrates with an adenine (90% of the vertebrates), but not in those with a thymidine at this 16S rRNA position. Finally, as the first step towards understanding the functional importance of this rRNA modification, we used a genome-edited bacterial system to demonstrate that an unmodified adenine reduced the growth and translation rates of the bacteria as compared to both wild-type bacteria and mutant bacteria with a thymidine in the relevant position. Hence, three solutions were selected during evolution to allow proper function of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA—either RNA modification or two alternative ancient evolutionary DNA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Bar-Yaacov
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Idan Frumkin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yuka Yashiro
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Chujo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuma Ishigami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yonatan Chemla
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Amit Blumberg
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Orr Schlesinger
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Philipp Bieri
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Basil Greber
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nenad Ban
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raz Zarivach
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Lital Alfonta
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Yitzhak Pilpel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tsutomu Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (DM); (TS)
| | - Dan Mishmar
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- * E-mail: (DM); (TS)
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Greber BJ, Bieri P, Leibundgut M, Leitner A, Aebersold R, Boehringer D, Ban N. Ribosome. The complete structure of the 55S mammalian mitochondrial ribosome. Science 2015; 348:303-8. [PMID: 25837512 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa3872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) synthesize mitochondrially encoded membrane proteins that are critical for mitochondrial function. Here we present the complete atomic structure of the porcine 55S mitoribosome at 3.8 angstrom resolution by cryo-electron microscopy and chemical cross-linking/mass spectrometry. The structure of the 28S subunit in the complex was resolved at 3.6 angstrom resolution by focused alignment, which allowed building of a detailed atomic structure including all of its 15 mitoribosomal-specific proteins. The structure reveals the intersubunit contacts in the 55S mitoribosome, the molecular architecture of the mitoribosomal messenger RNA (mRNA) binding channel and its interaction with transfer RNAs, and provides insight into the highly specialized mechanism of mRNA recruitment to the 28S subunit. Furthermore, the structure contributes to a mechanistic understanding of aminoglycoside ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil J Greber
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Bieri
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc Leibundgut
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Leitner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruedi Aebersold
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Boehringer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nenad Ban
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Greber BJ, Boehringer D, Leibundgut M, Bieri P, Leitner A, Schmitz N, Aebersold R, Ban N. The complete structure of the large subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome. Nature 2014; 515:283-6. [DOI: 10.1038/nature13895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Scelsa SN, Herskovitz S, Bieri P, Berger AR. Median mixed and sensory nerve conduction studies in carpal tunnel syndrome. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1998; 109:268-73. [PMID: 9741794 DOI: 10.1016/s0924-980x(98)00018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the sensitivities and specificities of velocity differences between median mixed nerve conduction across the wrist (Medmxpw) and (I) median mixed nerve conduction in the forearm (Medmxf) and (II) palm to D2 sensory conduction (MedpD2). DESIGN AND METHODS We prospectively studied 67 limbs of patients with clinically definite carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Medmxf and Medmxpw were performed by stimulating the median nerve at the elbow and palm respectively and recording at the proximal wrist crease. We also compared conventional median sensory (D2-wrist) and mixed (palm-wrist) tests in all patients. Thirty limbs of asymptomatic subjects served as normal controls and 21 limbs of subjects with other neuropathies served as diseased controls; control data was collected prospectively. RESULTS The sensitivity of the MedpD2-Medmxpw difference (0.87) was significantly greater than that of the Medmxf-Medmxpw difference (0.61, P < 0.001). Both tests were similar and highly specific (0.98 and 0.96, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The MedpD2-Medmxpw study is among the most sensitive and specific electrophysiologic tests for CTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Scelsa
- Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Chandross KJ, Kessler JA, Cohen RI, Simburger E, Spray DC, Bieri P, Dermietzel R. Altered connexin expression after peripheral nerve injury. Mol Cell Neurosci 1996; 7:501-18. [PMID: 8875432 DOI: 10.1006/mcne.1996.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of connexin32 (Cx32) in myelinating Schwann cells and the association of Cx32 mutations with peripheral neuropathies suggest a functional role for gap junction proteins in the nerve. However, after nerve crush injury, Cx32 expression dramatically decreases in Schwann cells in the degenerating region, returning to control levels at newly formed nodes of Ranvier and Schmidt-Lantermann incisures by 30 days. The present study examined increases in expression of other connexins that occur after peripheral nerve injury. A 56/58-kDa connexin46 (Cx46) protein species was detected in adult rat sciatic nerve, along with very low levels of Cx46 mRNA. However, by 3 days after crush injury, coincident with changes in Schwann cell phenotype, Cx46 mRNA rapidly increased in the degenerating regions. Additionally, the 56/58-kDa Cx46 protein species present in adult nerve decreased and a 53-kDa Cx46 species, which was also present in cultured Schwann cells, became apparent. Connexin43 (Cx43) mRNA and protein, which was localized to perineurial cells in adult nerve, dramatically increased in endoneurial fibroblasts in the crush and distal regions by 3 days, coincident with macrophage infiltration. By 12 days after injury, Cx43 decreased and was comparable to normal nerve. These results suggest that enhanced expression of Cx46 and Cx43, by nonneuronal cells, may be important for the injury and regenerative responses of peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Chandross
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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Bieri P. [The public health nurse--between demand and reality]. Krankenpfl Soins Infirm 1987; 80:46-7. [PMID: 3650564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Bieri P. [Significance of the PAH clearance in comparison with customary laboratory technics for the diagnosis of kidney diseases in the cat]. Zentralbl Veterinarmed A 1977; 24:642-71. [PMID: 412378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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