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Glanemann B, Humm K, Abreu M, Aspinall S, Buckeridge D, Carveth H, Darcy H, Florey J, Frowde P, Gajanayake I, Green K, Holmes E, Hrovat A, Jasensky A, Jones BA, Lantzaki V, Lo EJY, MacDonald K, O'Brien K, Suárez‐Bonnet A, Van den Steen N, Szladovits B, Willems A, Wilson H. Clinical and clinicopathological features and outcomes of cats with suspected dietary induced pancytopenia. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:126-132. [PMID: 36609843 PMCID: PMC9889603 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After a strong epidemiological link to diet was established in an outbreak of pancytopenia in cats in spring 2021 in the United Kingdom, 3 dry diets were recalled. Concentrations of the hemato- and myelotoxic mycotoxins T-2, HT-2 and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) greater than the European Commission guidance for dry cat foods were detected in the recalled diets. OBJECTIVES To describe clinical and clinicopathological findings in cats diagnosed with suspected diet induced pancytopenia. ANIMALS Fifty cats presenting with pancytopenia after exposure to a recalled diet. METHODS Multicenter retrospective case series study. Cats with known exposure to 1 of the recalled diets were included if presented with bi- or pancytopenia and underwent bone marrow examination. RESULTS Case fatality rate was 78%. Bone marrow aspirates and biopsy examination results were available in 23 cats; 19 cats had a bone marrow aspirate, and 8 cats had a biopsy core, available for examination. Bone marrow hypo to aplasia-often affecting all cell lines-was the main feature in all 31 available core specimens. A disproportionately pronounced effect on myeloid and megakaryocytic cells was observed in 19 cats. Myelofibrosis or bone marrow necrosis was not a feature. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Mycotoxin induced pancytopenia should be considered as differential diagnosis in otherwise healthy cats presenting with bi- or pancytopenia and bone marrow hypo- to aplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Glanemann
- Department of Clinical Science and ServicesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK
| | - Karen Humm
- Department of Clinical Science and ServicesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emma Holmes
- Department of Pathobiology and Population SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK
| | | | | | - Bryn A Jones
- Anderson Moores Veterinary SpecialistsWinchesterUK
| | - Vasiliki Lantzaki
- School of Veterinary MedicineSmall Animal Hospital, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | | | - Kevin O'Brien
- Department of Pathobiology and Population SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK
| | | | | | - Balazs Szladovits
- Department of Pathobiology and Population SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHatfieldUK
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Whitworth F, Adamantos S, Frowde P, Whitelock R, Black VL. Ligament Laxity in Nonerosive Immune-Mediated Polyarthritis in Dogs: Five Cases (2009-2017). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2019; 55:210-214. [PMID: 31099600 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ligament laxity is a known complication of erosive immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA) in dogs. The purpose of this study was to describe the occurrence and clinical features of carpal or tarsal ligament laxity in cases of nonerosive IMPA in dogs for the first time. Five client-owned dogs with a diagnosis of nonerosive IMPA and carpal or tarsal ligament laxity in which the influence of corticosteroids was excluded were identified. Medical records were reviewed, and data including signalment, investigative findings, and treatment regimen (e.g., surgical management) was extracted. Primary care practices were contacted to obtain follow-up, and the data was descriptively analyzed. The affected joints were either carpi and tarsi (n = 3) or carpi only (n = 2). In three cases, surgical arthrodesis was performed. Three dogs were euthanized (1 mo, 12 mo, and 5 yr) as a result of the severity of clinical signs and poor control. In the four dogs surviving >6 mo, multiple episodes of relapse were recorded, and multimodal immunosuppression was needed. The prognosis for the dogs described was poor, with none achieving control of the disease without ongoing immunosuppressive therapy. Damage to soft-tissue periarticular structures may be related to prolonged clinical disease or a more severe presentation. Jaccoud's arthropathy in humans with systemic lupus erythematosus may represent a homologous presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Whitworth
- From Langford Vets, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (V.L.B., F.W.); Paragon Veterinary Referrals, Wakefield, United Kingdom (S.A.); Davies Veterinary Specialists, Hitchin, United Kingdom (P.F.); and The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.W.)
| | - Sophie Adamantos
- From Langford Vets, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (V.L.B., F.W.); Paragon Veterinary Referrals, Wakefield, United Kingdom (S.A.); Davies Veterinary Specialists, Hitchin, United Kingdom (P.F.); and The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.W.)
| | - Polly Frowde
- From Langford Vets, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (V.L.B., F.W.); Paragon Veterinary Referrals, Wakefield, United Kingdom (S.A.); Davies Veterinary Specialists, Hitchin, United Kingdom (P.F.); and The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.W.)
| | - Richard Whitelock
- From Langford Vets, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (V.L.B., F.W.); Paragon Veterinary Referrals, Wakefield, United Kingdom (S.A.); Davies Veterinary Specialists, Hitchin, United Kingdom (P.F.); and The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.W.)
| | - Vicki L Black
- From Langford Vets, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom (V.L.B., F.W.); Paragon Veterinary Referrals, Wakefield, United Kingdom (S.A.); Davies Veterinary Specialists, Hitchin, United Kingdom (P.F.); and The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.W.)
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Kilpatrick S, Dreistadt M, Frowde P, Powell R, Milne E, Smith S, Morrison L, Gow AG, Handel I, Mellanby RJ. Presence of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Predicts a Poor Clinical Outcome in Dogs with a Primary Hepatitis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146560. [PMID: 26808672 PMCID: PMC4726575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary hepatopathies are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs. The underlying aetiology of most cases of canine hepatitis is unknown. Consequently, treatments are typically palliative and it is difficult to provide accurate prognostic information to owners. In human hepatology there is accumulating data which indicates that the presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a common and debilitating event in patients with liver diseases. For example, the presence of SIRS has been linked to the development of complications such as hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and is associated with a poor clinical outcome in humans with liver diseases. In contrast, the relationship between SIRS and clinical outcome in dogs with a primary hepatitis is unknown. Seventy dogs with histologically confirmed primary hepatitis were enrolled into the study. Additional clinical and clinicopathological information including respiratory rate, heart rate, temperature, white blood cell count, sodium, potassium, sex, presence of ascites, HE score, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin and red blood cell concentration were available in all cases. The median survival of dogs with a SIRS score of 0 or 1 (SIRS low) was 231 days compared to a median survival of 7 days for dogs with a SIRS score of 2, 3 or 4 (SIRS high) (p<0.001). A Cox proportional hazard model, which included all other co-variables, revealed that a SIRS high score was an independent predictor of a poor clinical outcome. The effect of modulating inflammation on treatment outcomes in dogs with a primary hepatitis is deserving of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Kilpatrick
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Dreistadt
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Polly Frowde
- Davies Veterinary Specialists Limited, Manor Farm Business Park, Higham Gobion, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Powell
- PTDS, Unit 2a, Manor Farm Business Park, Higham Gobion, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Elspeth Milne
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Sionagh Smith
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Morrison
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Adam G. Gow
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Handel
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Mellanby
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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