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Tang T, Suputtamongkol K, Harnirattisai C, Neoh SP, Pongprueksa P. Interfacial fracture toughness of different surface treatments on zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramics. Dent Mater J 2023; 42:835-843. [PMID: 37880135 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of different surface treatments on unfiring or firing zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) glass-ceramics. Celtra Duo and IPS e.max CAD blocks were cut and process following manufacturer protocols. The specimen surface was treated with seven different protocols. Two ceramic blocks with the same surface treatment were bonded with luting agent and prepared for mini-interfacial fracture toughness tests (mini-iFT). The specimens were tested after 1-week storage. The data was statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Dunnett's T3 comparison (α=0.05). The highest mini-iFT of both Celtra Duo unfired and fired was shown in the HF+S group, which was not significantly different from HF+S+UA. For IPS e.max CAD, the mini-iFT was higher in the groups treated with hydrofluoric acid. Additional adhesive after silane application did not significantly improve bonding effectiveness. Therefore, surface treatment with hydrofluoric acid and silane is recommended for both unfiring and firing ZLS glass ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Tang
- Dental Biomaterials Science (International Programme), Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University
| | | | | | - Siew Peng Neoh
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University
| | - Pong Pongprueksa
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University
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Anuntasainont M, Po-Ngam N, Lührs AK, Neoh SP, Pongprueksa P. Fracture resistance of CAD/CAM blocks cemented on dentin using different cementation strategies. J Prosthodont Res 2023; 67:603-609. [PMID: 36792222 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_22_00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether the fracture resistance of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin-based composites and polymer-infiltrated ceramic network materials cemented on dentin is influenced by the restoration thickness and composite cement application strategy. METHODS Disc-shaped specimens (Ø = 7 mm) of 0.8 mm and 1.5 mm thicknesses were milled from two CAD/CAM materials: resin-based composite (RBC, Cerasmart 270) and polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN, Vita Enamic). The discs (n = 8 per group) were cemented on flattened dentin using three different cementation strategies: 1) self-adhesive composite cement (RelyX U200) in light-curing mode (LC-SAC), 2) universal adhesive (Single Bond Universal) with composite cement (RelyX Ultimate) in auto-curing mode (AC cement), and 3) adhesive and composite cement as in 2) but in light-curing mode (LC cement). The restorative surface was indented perpendicularly with a compressive load using a universal testing machine until fracture. The fracture resistance (N) of RBC and PICN was separately analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (α = 0.05). RESULTS The fracture resistance of each material was significantly influenced by the material thickness and cementation strategy (P < 0.05). Irrespective of the material type and cementation strategy, thicker materials exhibit higher fracture resistance. For RBC, the fracture resistance of the LC cement group was significantly higher than that of AC cement only at 0.8 mm thickness. For PICN, the LC-cement cementation strategy produced superior fracture resistance, regardless of the restoration thickness. CONCLUSIONS The fracture resistance of Cerasmart 270 was higher for the thicker material; the fracture resistance of LC cement was higher than that of AC cement at 0.8 mm thickness cemented to dentin. In comparison, LC cement showed the highest fracture resistance for Vita Enamic for both material thicknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munlika Anuntasainont
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nanthiphorn Po-Ngam
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anne-Katrin Lührs
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Siew Peng Neoh
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pong Pongprueksa
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Tran ATL, Sukajintanakarn C, Senawongse P, Sritanaudomchai H, Ruangsawasdi N, Lapthanasupkul P, Kitkumthorn N, Monmaturapoj N, Khamsut C, Naruphontjirakul P, Pongprueksa P. Influence of Lithium- and Zinc-Containing Bioactive Glasses on Pulpal Regeneration. Eur J Dent 2023; 17:1120-1128. [PMID: 36812931 PMCID: PMC10756789 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential of modified bioactive glasses containing lithium and zinc as pulp capping materials by investigating the odontogenic differentiation and mineralization response in the tooth culture model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lithium- and zinc-containing bioactive glasses (45S5.1Li, 45S5.5Li, 45S5.1Zn, 45S5.5Zn, 45S5.1Zn sol-gel, and 45S5.5Zn sol-gel), fibrinogen-thrombin, and biodentine were prepared to assess Axin2 gene expression at 0, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 12 hours, and 1 day and DSPP gene expression at 0, 3, 7, and 14 days in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) using qRT-PCR. The experimental bioactive glasses incorporated with fibrinogen-thrombin and biodentine were placed on the pulpal tissue in the tooth culture model. Histology and immunohistochemistry were analyzed at 2 weeks and 4 weeks. RESULTS Axin2 gene expression for all experimental groups was significantly higher than the control at 12 hours. The DSPP gene expression for all experimental groups was significantly higher than the control at 14 days. The presence of mineralization foci was significantly higher at 4 weeks for the modified bioactive glasses 45S5.5Zn, 45S5.1Zn sol-gel, and 45S5.5Zn sol-gel as well as Biodentine compared with the fibrinogen-thrombin control. CONCLUSION Lithium- and zinc-containing bioactive glasses increased Axin2 and DSPP gene expression in SHEDs and can potentially enhance pulp mineralization and regeneration. Zinc-containing bioactive glasses are a promising candidate to be used as pulp capping materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Thi Loc Tran
- Dental Biomaterials Science Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Charnsak Sukajintanakarn
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pisol Senawongse
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Nisarat Ruangsawasdi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Puangwan Lapthanasupkul
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Kitkumthorn
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Naruporn Monmaturapoj
- Assistive Technology and Medical Devices Research Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Chutikarn Khamsut
- Assistive Technology and Medical Devices Research Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Parichart Naruphontjirakul
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pong Pongprueksa
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Tangpothitham S, Pongprueksa P, Inokoshi M, Mitrirattanakul S. Effect of post-polymerization with autoclaving treatment on monomer elution and mechanical properties of 3D-printing acrylic resin for splint fabrication. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 126:105015. [PMID: 34896766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.105015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of post-treatment autoclaving on monomer elution and mechanical properties of three-dimensionally (3D) printed resin for splint fabrication. METHODS Photopolymer resin specimens (Dental LT Clear) were 3D-printed and processed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The specimens were randomly divided to different post-treatment protocols: water storage, autoclaving at different temperatures (121 °C or 132 °C), times (4 or 30 min) and no treatment as a control. The elution of UDMA, HEMA, and EGDMA monomers was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) by immersing the specimens in 75% ethanol for 72 h. The flexural modulus, surface microhardness and linear dimensional changes were measured. The monomer elution and flexural modulus were statistically analyzed using Welch's ANOVA followed by Dunnett's T3 tests, while the surface microhardness and dimensional changes were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS The overall monomer elution concentrations were significantly highest for the control group and lowest for specimens treated in an autoclave at 132 °C for 4 min. The flexural modulus was not significantly different between all groups. The surface microhardness was significantly higher for all autoclaved groups than the control and water storage groups. The linear expansion was significantly higher after post-treatment autoclaving in contrast to water storage. SIGNIFICANCE/CONCLUSIONS Post-polymerization autoclave treatment of the 3D-printed resin reduced monomer elution and improved surface microhardness without deteriorating the flexural modulus. Post-treatment with an autoclave at 132 °C for 4 min can be recommended for 3D-printed resin for splint fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakarin Tangpothitham
- Department of Masticatory Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Thailand; Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
| | - Pong Pongprueksa
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Masanao Inokoshi
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Wanitwisutchai T, Monmaturapoj N, Srisatjaluk R, Subannajui K, Dechkunakorn S, Anuwongnukroh N, Pongprueksa P. Buffering capacity and antibacterial properties among bioactive glass-containing orthodontic adhesives. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:1169-1176. [PMID: 34078777 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was to evaluate the acid-buffering capacity and antibacterial properties of orthodontic adhesives containing bioactive glasses (BAGs) (45S5, 45S5F, S53P4), Hydroxyapatite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, and Canasite. Fillers comprising 15 wt% bioactive glasses, HAp, β-TCP, and Canasite incorporated with 55 wt% silanated glass were added to a mixture of UDMA/TEGDMA. Acid-buffering capacity was tested by exposing disc-shaped samples of each adhesive to medium of bacteria-produced acids, and pH changes were recorded at 24 and 48 h. Antibacterial properties were assessed by indirect testing by exposing polymerized adhesive samples to a medium and direct testing by immersing the specimens in solutions containing S. mutans and S. sanguinis. A significant buffering capacity was shown by the 45S5, 45S5F and S53P4 BAG adhesives. The antibacterial properties were not significant in all experimental adhesives. Therefore, the experimental orthodontic adhesives containing BAGs demonstrated a significant buffering capacity but did not show significant antibacterial properties against S. mutans and S. sanguinis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naruporn Monmaturapoj
- Assistive Technology and Medical Devices Research Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency
| | | | - Kittitat Subannajui
- Material Science and Engineering Program, Multi-Disciplinary Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University
| | | | | | - Pong Pongprueksa
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University
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Kyaw PP, Pongprueksa P, Anuchitolarn W, Sirinukunwatta K, Suputtamongkol K. Ageing assessment of zirconia implant prostheses by three different quantitative assessment techniques. J Adv Prosthodont 2019; 11:253-261. [PMID: 31754415 PMCID: PMC6856306 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2019.11.5.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the influence of cyclic loading on phase transformation of zirconia abutments and to compare the effectiveness of three different quantitative ageing assessment techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty two Y-TZP prostheses fabricated from two brands, InCoris ZI and Ceramill ZI, were cemented to titanium bases and equally divided into two subgroups (n=8): control group without any treatment and aged group with cyclic loading between 20 N and 98 N for 100,000 cycles at 4 Hz in distilled water at 37℃. The tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation was assessed by (i) conventional x-ray diffraction (XRD), (ii) micro x-ray diffraction (µXRD), and (iii) micro-Raman spectroscopy. The monoclinic-phase fractions (M%) were compared by two-way ANOVA. RESULTS InCoris Zi presented significantly higher M% than Ceramill Zi in both control and aged groups (P<.001). Both materials exhibited significant phase transformation with monoclinicphase of 1 to 3% more in aged groups than controls for all thre e assessment techniques. The comparable M% was quantified by both µXRD and XRD. The highest M% was assessed with micro-Raman. CONCLUSION Cyclic loading produced significant phase transformation in tested Y-TZP prostheses. The micro-Raman spectroscopy could be used as an alternative to XRD and µXRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyu Phyu Kyaw
- Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Rachathevi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pong Pongprueksa
- Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Rachathevi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Warangkana Anuchitolarn
- Chemical and Biological Analysis Section, Technical Support for Material Analysis Division, National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Krongkarn Sirinukunwatta
- Department of Science Service, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
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Pongprueksa P, De Munck J, Inokoshi M, Van Meerbeek B. Polymerization efficiency affects interfacial fracture toughness of adhesives. Dent Mater 2018; 34:684-692. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ayres APA, Pongprueksa P, De Munck J, Gré CP, Nascimento FD, Giannini M, Van Meerbeek B. Mini-interfacial Fracture Toughness of a Multimode Adhesive Bonded to Plasma-treated Dentin. J Adhes Dent 2017; 19:409-416. [PMID: 28944377 DOI: 10.3290/j.jad.a38999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the bonding efficacy of a multimode adhesive to plasma-treated and -untreated (control) dentin using a mini-interfacial fracture toughness (mini-iFT) test. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty human molars were used in a split-tooth design (n = 10). The adhesive Scotchbond Universal (SBU; 3M ESPE) was applied in etch-and-rinse (E&R) and self-etch (SE) modes. Mid-coronal dentin was exposed and covered with a standardized smear layer ground to 320 grit. One half of each dentin surface received 15 s of non-thermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP), while the other half was covered with a metallic barrier and kept untreated. Following the E&R mode, dentin was plasma treated immediately after phosphoric acid etching. SBU and a resin-based composite were applied to dentin following the manufacturer's instructions. Six mini-iFT specimens were prepared per tooth (1.5 x 2.0 x 16 to 18 mm), and a single notch was prepared at the adhesive-dentin interface using a 150-μm diamond blade under water cooling. Half of the mini-iFT specimens were immediately loaded until failure in a 4-point bending test, while the other half were first stored in distilled water for 6 months. After testing, the exact dimensions of the notch were measured with a measuring optical microscope, from which ΚIc was determined. RESULTS Three-way ANOVA revealed higher mini-iFT for SBU applied in E&R than SE mode for both storage times, irrespective of NTAP treatment. CONCLUSION Overall, mini-iFT did not decrease for any of the experimental groups upon 6-month aging, while plasma treatment did not show a direct beneficial effect on mini-iFT of SBU applied in either E&R or SE mode.
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Pongprueksa P, De Munck J, Barreto BC, Van Meerbeek B. Polymerization Efficacy Affects the Long-term Mini-interfacial Fracture Toughness. J Adhes Dent 2017; 19:157-167. [PMID: 28439575 DOI: 10.3290/j.jad.a38098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of the type and concentration of photo-initiator on the long-term bonding efficacy to dentin in terms of mini-interfacial fracture toughness (mini-iFT). MATERIALS AND METHODS The bonding efficacy of the one-step self-etch (SE) adhesive Clearfil S3 Bond Plus and four derivative experimental adhesives (Leuven University Bond [LUB]), which were similar in composition except for the (co)photo-initiators (all prepared by Kuraray Noritake), containing 2.0 wt% camphorquinone (CQ) and 2.0 wt% EDMAB (LUB-CQ/amine_high), 0.35 wt% CQ and 0.35 wt% EDMAB (LUB-CQ/amine_low ), 2.0 wt% TPO (LUB-TPO_high), and 0.35 wt% TPO (LUB-TPO_low), was measured using a mini-iFT approach after being aged for 6 months and 1 year by water storage at 37°C (control: 1 week mini-iFT). The mini-iFT specimens were loaded until failure in a 4-point bending device to determine the interfacial fracture toughness (KIc). All fractured specimens were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS The mini-iFT of Clearfil S3 Bond Plus and the adhesives with high photo-initiator concentrations was not significantly different at 6 months, although it dropped significantly at 1 year. For each storage period, the mini-iFT of the adhesives with high photo-initiator concentrations was not significantly different from that of the commercial adhesive, in contrast to the significantly lower mini-iFT measured for adhesives with low concentrations of photo-initiator. SEM fracture analysis revealed that the adhesives with high concentrations of photo-initiator most frequently failed at the top of the hybrid layer at 1 week, while this failure pattern shifted to the bottom of the hybrid layer after aging. CONCLUSION A one-step self-etch adhesive should contain photo-initiator in a sufficiently high concentration, as this directly improves its immediate and long-term bonding efficacy to dentin. While the mini-iFT remained stable up to 6 month of aging for both the commercial and the adhesive with a high concentration of photo-initiator, the mini-iFT was found to decrease after 1 year of aging.
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Inokoshi M, Pongprueksa P, De Munck J, Zhang F, Vanmeensel K, Minakuchi S, Vleugels J, Naert I, Van Meerbeek B. Influence of Light Irradiation Through Zirconia on the Degree of Conversion of Composite Cements. J Adhes Dent 2016; 18:161-71. [PMID: 27022645 DOI: 10.3290/j.jad.a35842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the light irradiance (LI) delivered by two light-curing units and to measure the degree of conversion (DC) of three composite cements and one flowable composite when cured through zirconia or ceramic-veneered zirconia plates with different thicknesses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three dual-curing composite cements (Clearfil Esthetic Cement, Panavia F2.0, G-CEM LinkAce) and one light-curing flowable composite (G-aenial Universal Flo) were investigated. Nine different kinds of zirconia plates were prepared from three zirconia grades (YSZ: Aadva and KATANA; Ce-TZP/Al2O3: NANOZR) in three different thicknesses (0.5- and 1.5-mm-thick zirconia, and 0.5-mm-thick zirconia veneered with a 1.0-mm-thick veneering ceramic). Portions of the mixed composite cements and the flowable composite were placed on a light spectrometer to measure LI while being light cured through the zirconia plates for 40 s using two light-curing units (n = 5). After light curing, micro-Raman spectra of the composite films were acquired to determine DC at 5 and 10 min, 1 and 24 h, and at 1 week. RESULTS The zirconia grade and the thickness of the zirconia/veneered zirconia plates significantly decreased LI. Increased LI did not increase DC. Only the Ce-TZP/Al2O3 (NANOZR) zirconia was too opaque to allow sufficient light transmission and resulted in significantly lower DC. CONCLUSION Although zirconia-based restorations attenuate the LI of light-curing units, the composite cements and the flowable composite could be light cured through the YSZ zirconia. LI is too low through Ce-TZP/Al2O3 zirconia, necessitating the use of self-/dual-curing composite cements.
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Miletic V, Pongprueksa P, De Munck J, Brooks NR, Van Meerbeek B. Curing characteristics of flowable and sculptable bulk-fill composites. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:1201-1212. [PMID: 27383375 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine and correlate the degree of conversion (DC) with Vickers hardness (VH) and translucency parameter (TP) with the depth of cure (DoC) of five bulk-fill composites. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six specimens per group, consisting of Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill ("TEC Bulk," Ivoclar Vivadent), SonicFill (Kerr), SDR Smart Dentin Replacement ("SDR," Dentsply), Xenius base ("Xenius," StickTech; commercialized as EverX Posterior, GC), Filtek Bulk Fill flowable ("Filtek Bulk," 3M ESPE), and Tetric EvoCeram ("TEC," control), were prepared for DC and VH: two 2-mm-thick layers, each light-cured for 10 s; one 4-mm bulk-fill, light-cured for 10 or 20 s; and one 6-mm bulk-fill, cured for 20 s. DC was measured using a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer, VH using a Vickers hardness tester. DoC and TP were measured using an acetone-shaking test and a spectrophotometer, respectively. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Pearson's correlation (α = 0.05). RESULTS DC and VH ranged between 40-70 % and 30-80 VHN, respectively. TEC Bulk, Xenius, and SonicFill, bulk-filled as 4-mm-thick specimens, showed bottom-to-top hardness ratios above 80 % after 20 s curing. A positive linear correlation was found for bottom DC and VH. An average DC ratio of 0.9 corresponded to a bottom-to-top VH ratio of 0.8. CONCLUSIONS Sculptable bulk-fills require 20 s, whereas 10 s curing time was sufficient for flowable bulk-fills using a high-intensity LED unit. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinicians should be aware that longer curing times may be required for sculptable than flowable bulk-fill composites in order to achieve optimal curing characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Miletic
- BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven) & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, block a - box, 7001, Leuven, Belgium
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pong Pongprueksa
- BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven) & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, block a - box, 7001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan De Munck
- BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven) & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, block a - box, 7001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Neil R Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Van Meerbeek
- BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven) & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, block a - box, 7001, Leuven, Belgium.
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Pongprueksa P, De Munck J, Karunratanakul K, Barreto B, Van Ende A, Senawongse P, Van Meerbeek B. Response to Letter to the Editor, “Dentin Bonding Testing Using a Mini-interfacial Fracture Toughness Approach”. J Dent Res 2016; 95:954. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034516652127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. Pongprueksa
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT and University Hospitals Leuven, Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - J. De Munck
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT and University Hospitals Leuven, Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K. Karunratanakul
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - B.C. Barreto
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT and University Hospitals Leuven, Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A. Van Ende
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT and University Hospitals Leuven, Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P. Senawongse
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - B. Van Meerbeek
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT and University Hospitals Leuven, Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium
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Li X, Yoshihara K, De Munck J, Cokic S, Pongprueksa P, Putzeys E, Pedano M, Chen Z, Van Landuyt K, Van Meerbeek B. Modified tricalcium silicate cement formulations with added zirconium oxide. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:895-905. [PMID: 27153848 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1843-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the effect of modifying tricalcium silicate (TCS) cements on three key properties by adding ZrO2. MATERIALS AND METHODS TCS powders were prepared by adding ZrO2 at six different concentrations. The powders were mixed with 1 M CaCl2 solution at a 3:1 weight ratio. Biodentine (contains 5 wt.% ZrO2) served as control. To evaluate the potential effect on mechanical properties, the mini-fracture toughness (mini-FT) was measured. Regarding bioactivity, Ca release was assessed using ICP-AES. The component distribution within the cement matrix was evaluated by Feg-SEM/EPMA. Cytotoxicity was assessed using an XTT assay. RESULTS Adding ZrO2 to TCS did not alter the mini-FT (p = 0.52), which remained in range of that of Biodentine (p = 0.31). Ca release from TSC cements was slightly lower than that from Biodentine at 1 day (p > 0.05). After 1 week, Ca release from TCS 30 and TCS 50 increased to a level that was significantly higher than that from Biodentine (p < 0.05). After 1 month, Ca release all decreased (p < 0.05), yet TCS 0 and TCS 50 released comparable amounts of Ca as at 1 day (p > 0.05). EPMA revealed a more even distribution of ZrO2 within the TCS cements. Particles with an un-reacted core were surrounded by a hydration zone. The 24-, 48-, and 72-h extracts of TCS 50 were the least cytotoxic. CONCLUSIONS ZrO2 can be added to TCS without affecting the mini-FT; Ca release was reduced initially, to reach a prolonged release thereafter; adding ZrO2 made TCS cements more biocompatible. CLINICAL RELEVANCE TCS 50 is a promising cement formulation to serve as a biocompatible hydraulic calcium silicate cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven, Dentistry, Kapucijnenvoer 7, blok A-box 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kumiko Yoshihara
- Okayama University Hospital, Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Jan De Munck
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven, Dentistry, Kapucijnenvoer 7, blok A-box 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stevan Cokic
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven, Dentistry, Kapucijnenvoer 7, blok A-box 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pong Pongprueksa
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven, Dentistry, Kapucijnenvoer 7, blok A-box 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eveline Putzeys
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven, Dentistry, Kapucijnenvoer 7, blok A-box 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mariano Pedano
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven, Dentistry, Kapucijnenvoer 7, blok A-box 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zhi Chen
- Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kirsten Van Landuyt
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven, Dentistry, Kapucijnenvoer 7, blok A-box 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Van Meerbeek
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven, Dentistry, Kapucijnenvoer 7, blok A-box 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Manojlovic D, Dramićanin MD, Lezaja M, Pongprueksa P, Van Meerbeek B, Miletic V. Effect of resin and photoinitiator on color, translucency and color stability of conventional and low-shrinkage model composites. Dent Mater 2016; 32:183-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ayres A, Pongprueksa P, De Munck J, Vananroye A, Clasen C, Nascimento F, Giannini M, Van Meerbeek B. Mini-interfacial fracture toughness of adhesive-dentin interfaces after plasma pre-treatment. Dent Mater 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.08.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Pongprueksa P, De Munck J, Karunratanakul K, Barreto B, Van Ende A, Senawongse P, Van Meerbeek B. Dentin Bonding Testing Using a Mini-interfacial Fracture Toughness Approach. J Dent Res 2015; 95:327-33. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034515618960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Measurement of interfacial fracture toughness (iFT) is considered a more valid method to assess bonding effectiveness as compared with conventional bond strength testing. Common fracture toughness tests are, however, laborious and require a relatively bulky specimen size. This study aimed to evaluate a new simplified and miniaturized iFT (mini-iFT) test. Four dentin adhesives, representing the main adhesive classes, and 1 glass ionomer cement were applied onto flat dentin. Mini-iFT (1.5 × 2.0 × 16 to 18 mm) and microtensile bond strength (µTBS; 1.5 × 1.5 × 16 to 18 mm) specimens were prepared from the same tooth. For the mini-iFT specimens, a single notch was cut at the adhesive-dentin interface with a 150-µm diamond blade under water cooling; the specimens were loaded until failure in a 4-point bending test setup. Finite element analysis was used to analyze stress distribution during mini-iFT testing. The correlation between the mean mini-iFT and µTBS was examined and found to be significant; a strong positive correlation was found ( r2 = 0.94, P = 0.004). Weibull data analysis suggested the mini-iFT to vary less than the µTBS. Both the mini-iFT and the µTBS revealed the same performance order, with the 3-step etch-and-rinse adhesive outperforming the 2-step self-etch and 2-step etch-and-rinse adhesive, followed by the 1-step SE adhesive and, finally, the glass ionomer cement. Scanning electron microscopy failure analysis revealed the adhesive-dentin interface to fail more at the actual interface with the mini-iFT test, while µTBS specimens failed more within dentin and composite. This finding was corroborated by finite element analysis showing stress to concentrate at the interface during mini-iFT loading and crack propagation. In conclusion, the new mini-iFT test appeared more discriminative and valid than the µTBS to assess bonding effectiveness; the latter test nevertheless remains more versatile. Specimen size and workload were alike, making the mini-iFT test a valid alternative for the popular µTBS test.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Pongprueksa
- BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - J. De Munck
- BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K. Karunratanakul
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - B.C. Barreto
- BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- BMGO, Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - A. Van Ende
- BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P. Senawongse
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - B. Van Meerbeek
- BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Pongprueksa P, De Munck J, Duca RC, Poels K, Covaci A, Hoet P, Godderis L, Van Meerbeek B, Van Landuyt KL. Monomer elution in relation to degree of conversion for different types of composite. J Dent 2015; 43:1448-55. [PMID: 26498727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the degree of conversion (DC) and the monomer release of three composite types when employed following a layer- and bulk-filling technique. METHODS The release of monomers from a 'conventional paste-like' (Filtek Z250), a 'conventional flowable' (Filtek Supreme XTE Flowable) and a 'bulk-fill' flowable composite (Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable) from the same manufacturer (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) was determined. Ten cylindrical specimens per composite were built, either in two 2-mm layers or in one 4-mm bulk. DC was measured at the specimen top and bottom surface using micro-Raman spectroscopy, after which the specimens were immersed in 2 ml absolute ethanol for 24 h at 37 °C. This solution was refreshed weekly during six weeks and the concentration of BisGMA, BisEMA(6), BisPMA, UDMA, TEGDMA and BPA was determined by liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy. RESULTS DC at the specimen top and bottom was similar except for the bulk-fill technique, which resulted in significantly lower DC at the specimen bottom. The release of BisGMA and TEGDMA was initially very high, but rapidly dropped in the second week. In contrast, the release of BisPMA and UDMA increased initially, but then declined towards the sixth week. BisEMA(6) release was relatively steady over time. All composites released small amounts of BPA. The total monomer release was significantly lower for the layer- than the bulk-filling technique. CONCLUSIONS The slightly reduced degree of conversion at 4-mm depth resulted in a higher monomer elution when the composite was applied following a bulk-fill application method. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Applying a flowable and a bulk-fill composite following a bulk-fill application method resulted in a significantly reduced degree of conversion at the bottom of polymerized composite specimens when compared to a layer-application method. This reduced polymerization degree was reflected in significantly increased monomer release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pong Pongprueksa
- KU Leuven BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven) & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, No.6, Yothi road, Rajthawee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Jan De Munck
- KU Leuven BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven) & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Radu Corneliu Duca
- Centre for Environmental and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Poels
- Centre for Environmental and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, D.S.551, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Peter Hoet
- Centre for Environmental and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- Centre for Environmental and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Van Meerbeek
- KU Leuven BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven) & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kirsten L Van Landuyt
- KU Leuven BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven) & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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De Munck J, Poitevin A, Lührs AK, Pongprueksa P, Van Ende A, Van Landuyt KL, Van Meerbeek B. Interfacial fracture toughness of aged adhesive–dentin interfaces. Dent Mater 2015; 31:462-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Pongprueksa P, Miletic V, De Munck J, Brooks NR, Meersman F, Nies E, Van Meerbeek B, Van Landuyt KL. Effect of Evaporation on the Shelf Life of a Universal Adhesive. Oper Dent 2014; 39:500-7. [DOI: 10.2341/13-195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to evaluate how evaporation affects the shelf life of a one-bottle universal adhesive.
Methods
Three different versions of Scotchbond Universal (SBU, 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) were prepared using a weight-loss technique. SBU0 was left open to the air until maximal weight loss was obtained, whereas SBU50 was left open until 50% of evaporation occurred. In contrast, SBU100 was kept closed and was assumed to contain the maximum concentration of all ingredients. The degree of conversion (DC) was determined by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy on different substrates (on dentin or glass plate and mixed with dentin powder); ultimate microtensile strength and microtensile bond strength to dentin were measured as well.
Results
DC of the 100% solvent-containing adhesive (SBU100) was higher than that of the 50% (SBU50) and 0% (SBU0) solvent-containing adhesives for all substrates. DC of the adhesive applied onto glass and dehydrated dentin was higher than that applied onto dentin. Even though the ultimate microtensile strength of SBU0 was much higher than that of SBU50 and SBU100, its bond strength to dentin was significantly lower.
Conclusions
Evaporation of adhesive ingredients may jeopardize the shelf life of a one-bottle universal system by reducing the degree of conversion and impairing bond strength. However, negative effects only became evident after more than 50% evaporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pongprueksa
- Pong Pongprueksa, DDS, MSc, PhD candidate, KU Leuven – BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven) & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium and Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - V Miletic
- Vesna Miletic, BDS, MSc, PhD, KU Leuven – BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven) & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium and University of Belgrade, School of Dental Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - J De Munck
- Jan De Munck, DDS, PhD, KU Leuven – BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven) & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - NR Brooks
- Neil R. Brooks, BSc(Hons), PhD, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Meersman
- Filip Meersman, MSci, PhD, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Nies
- Erik Nies, MSci, PhD, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Van Meerbeek
- Bart Van Meerbeek, DDS, PhD, KU Leuven – BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven) & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - KL Van Landuyt
- Kirsten L Van Landuyt, DDS, PhD, KU Leuven – BIOMAT, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven) & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
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Pongprueksa P, Miletic V, Janssens H, Van Landuyt KL, De Munck J, Godderis L, Van Meerbeek B. Degree of conversion and monomer elution of CQ/amine and TPO adhesives. Dent Mater 2014; 30:695-701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lührs AK, Pongprueksa P, De Munck J, Geurtsen W, Van Meerbeek B. Curing mode affects bond strength of adhesively luted composite CAD/CAM restorations to dentin. Dent Mater 2014; 30:281-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effect of an unfilled-adhesive resin (Adper Single Bond) and a filled-adhesive resin (Adper Single Bond 2) with and without a low viscosity resin (Filtek Flow) as an elastic cavity wall on marginal leakage and dentin microtensile bond strength in Class V composite restorations under unloaded and loaded conditions. METHODS V-shaped cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of 56 premolars lined with unfilled (Groups 1 and 3) or filled (Groups 2 and 4) adhesives with (Groups 3 and 4) and without (Groups 1 and 2) a low viscosity resin and restored with a resin composite. The restored teeth in each group were divided into two sub-groups for unloaded and loaded conditions with 50N loading force for 250,000 cycles parallel to the long-axis of the tooth. Five specimens from each group were cut bucco-lingually 0.7 mm thick and subjected to a dye leakage test for four hours using 2% methylene blue dye. The tested specimens were then trimmed into dumbbell shapes at the gingival margin and subjected to microtensile testing. The remaining two specimens were cut, embedded and observed for resin/dentin interfaces under a scanning electron microscope. RESULTS For the microleakage test, there were no significant differences in microleakage among the groups on both the enamel and dentin margin. No statistically significant differences were found between microleakage of the loaded and unloaded groups on enamel margins for all materials. There were statistically significant differences between microleakage of the loaded and unloaded groups on the dentin margin for Groups 3 and 4. For the microtensile test, the significant difference was found between Groups 1 and 4 for the unloaded groups. For the loaded groups, there were no significant differences between Groups 1 and 2 and Groups 3 and 4. There were no statistically significant differences in microtensile bond strength between the loaded and unloaded groups except for Group 2. CONCLUSION The application of filled adhesive or low viscosity resin had no influence on marginal leakage at both the enamel and dentin margin but it had an influence on the microtensile bond strength to dentin of Class V restorations. Occlusal loading significantly increased the degree of marginal leakage at the dentin margin when low viscosity was applied in combination with either unfilled or filled-adhesives, but it decreased dentin bond strength in the group treated with only filled adhesive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pong Pongprueksa
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the surface roughness of nanofill (Filtek Supreme XT dentin shade and transparent shade, Filtek Z350, and Estelite Sigma), nanohybrid (Tetric EvoCeram, Ceram X, and Premise), and microhybrid resin composites (Filtek Z250, Tetric Ceram, and Clearfil AP-X) with the materials after polishing or brushing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty specimens of each resin composite were polymerized for 40 seconds under a matrix strip in cylindrical molds. Each type of polymer was divided into four subgroups: unpolished, polished with abrasive disks (Sof-Lex), polished with silicone-impregnated polishing devices (Astropol), and brushed with a toothbrush (Oral B) and toothpaste (Colgate). The surface roughness of each specimen was determined using a contact stylus profilometer and by observation under a scanning electron microscope. RESULTS No significant differences in surface roughness among the materials were found on unpolished surfaces. For the nanofill resin composites, there were no significant differences in surface roughness between the two polishing methods or among the unpolished surfaces. After brushing, the surfaces of all materials, except those made from Filtek Z350 and Filtek Supreme XT (dentin), had greater roughness than unpolished surfaces and surfaces polished with either abrasive disks or silicone devices. The scanning electron microscope studies revealed that the surface irregularities of the materials corresponded to the results obtained using the surface roughness tester. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The use of nanofill resin composites made with nanoclusters demonstrated the smoothest surfaces after polishing and brushing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pisol Senawongse
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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