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Seesaha PK, Wang KX, Wang GQ, Cui TY, Zhao FJ, Pan LL, Li XC, Shu YQ, Chen XF. Current Progress and Future Perspectives of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Biliary Tract Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:1873-1882. [PMID: 33737812 PMCID: PMC7966382 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s269671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is an uncommon and aggressive neoplasm, with most patients presenting in an advanced stage. Systemic chemotherapy is the limited treatment available but is unsatisfactory, while targeted therapy is still awaiting validation from clinical trials. Given the potential effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the treatment of BTC, this review aims to summarize the evidence-based benefits and predictive biomarkers for using inhibitors of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) ligand, or programmed cell death protein-1 and its ligand (PD-1 and PD-L1) as monotherapy or combined with other anti-tumor therapies, while also pointing out certain pitfalls with the use of ICIs which need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poshita-Kumari Seesaha
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang-Xin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Pukou Branch Hospital of Jiangsu Province Hospital (Nanjing Pukou Central Hospital), Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Qun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Pukou Branch Hospital of Jiangsu Province Hospital (Nanjing Pukou Central Hospital), Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Yun Cui
- Department of Oncology, Pukou Branch Hospital of Jiangsu Province Hospital (Nanjing Pukou Central Hospital), Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Jiao Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan-Lan Pan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Cheng Li
- Hepatobiliary Center of the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Pukou Branch Hospital of Jiangsu Province Hospital (Nanjing Pukou Central Hospital), Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
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