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Ntumngia FB, Kolli SK, Annamalai Subramani P, Barnes SJ, Nicholas J, Ogbondah MM, Barnes BB, Salinas ND, Thawornpan P, Tolia NH, Chootong P, Adams JH. Naturally acquired antibodies against Plasmodium vivax pre-erythrocytic stage vaccine antigens inhibit sporozoite invasion of human hepatocytes in vitro. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1260. [PMID: 38218737 PMCID: PMC10787766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51820-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
In Plasmodium vivax, the most studied vaccine antigens are aimed at blocking merozoite invasion of erythrocytes and disease development. Very few studies have evaluated pre-erythrocytic (PE) stage antigens. The P. vivax circumsporozoite protein (CSP), is considered the leading PE vaccine candidate, but immunity to CSP is short-lived and variant specific. Thus, there is a need to identify other potential candidates to partner with CSP in a multivalent vaccine to protect against infection and disease. We hypothesize that sporozoite antigens important for host cell infection are considered potential targets. In this study, we evaluated the magnitude and quality of naturally acquired antibody responses to four P. vivax PE antigens: sporozoite surface protein 3 (SSP3), sporozoite protein essential for traversal 1 (SPECT1), cell traversal protein of ookinetes and sporozoites (CelTOS) and CSP in plasma of P. vivax infected patients from Thailand. Naturally acquired antibodies to these antigens were prevalent in the study subjects, but with significant differences in magnitude of IgG antibody responses. About 80% of study participants had antibodies to all four antigens and only 2% did not have antibodies to any of the antigens. Most importantly, these antibodies inhibited sporozoite infection of hepatocytes in vitro. Significant variations in magnitude of antigen-specific inhibitory antibody responses were observed with individual samples. The highest inhibitory responses were observed with anti-CelTOS antibodies, followed by anti-SPECT1, SSP3 and CSP antibodies respectively. These data highlight the vaccine potential of these antigens in protecting against hepatocyte infection and the need for a multi-valent pre-erythrocytic vaccine to prevent liver stage development of P. vivax sporozoites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Babila Ntumngia
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Surendra Kumar Kolli
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Samantha J Barnes
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Justin Nicholas
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Madison M Ogbondah
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Brian B Barnes
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Nichole D Salinas
- Host Pathogen Interactions and Structural Vaccinology Section, Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pongsakorn Thawornpan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Niraj H Tolia
- Host Pathogen Interactions and Structural Vaccinology Section, Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patchanee Chootong
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - John H Adams
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Nicholas J, Kolli SK, Subramani PA, De SL, Ogbondah MM, Barnes SJ, Ntumngia FB, Adams JH. Comparative analyses of functional antibody-mediated inhibition with anti-circumsporozoite monoclonal antibodies against transgenic Plasmodium berghei. Malar J 2023; 22:335. [PMID: 37936181 PMCID: PMC10629016 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04765-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired functional inhibitory antibodies are one of several humoral immune mechanisms used to neutralize foreign pathogens. In vitro bioassays are useful tools for quantifying antibody-mediated inhibition and evaluating anti-parasite immune antibodies. However, a gap remains in understanding of how antibody-mediated inhibition in vitro translates to inhibition in vivo. In this study, two well-characterized transgenic Plasmodium berghei parasite lines, PbmCh-luc and Pb-PfCSP(r), and murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to P. berghei and Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP), 3D11 and 2A10, respectively, were used to evaluate antibody-mediated inhibition of parasite development in both in vitro and in vivo functional assays. METHODS IC50 values of mAbs were determined using an established inhibition of liver-stage development assay (ILSDA). For the in vivo inhibition assay, mice were passively immunized by transfer of the mAbs and subsequently challenged with 5.0 × 103 sporozoites via tail vein injection. The infection burden in both assays was quantified by luminescence and qRT-PCR of P. berghei 18S rRNA normalized to host GAPDH. RESULTS The IC50 values quantified by relative luminescence of mAbs 3D11 and 2A10 were 0.396 µg/ml and 0.093 µg/ml, respectively, against transgenic lines in vitro. Using the highest (> 90%) inhibitory antibody concentrations in a passive transfer, an IC50 of 233.8 µg/ml and 181.5 µg/ml for mAbs 3D11 and 2A10, respectively, was observed in vivo. At 25 µg (250 µg/ml), the 2A10 antibody significantly inhibited liver burden in mice compared to control. Additionally, qRT-PCR of P. berghei 18S rRNA served as a secondary validation of liver burden quantification. CONCLUSIONS Results from both experimental models, ILSDA and in vivo challenge, demonstrated that increased concentrations of the homologous anti-CSP repeat mAbs increased parasite inhibition. However, differences in antibody IC50 values between parasite lines did not allow a direct correlation between the inhibition of sporozoite invasion in vitro by ILSDA and the inhibition of mouse liver stage burden. Further studies are needed to establish the conditions for confident predictions for the in vitro ILSDA to be a predictor of in vivo outcomes using this model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Nicholas
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Surendra Kumar Kolli
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Pradeep Annamalai Subramani
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Sai Lata De
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Department of Infectious Disease & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Madison M Ogbondah
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Samantha J Barnes
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Francis Babila Ntumngia
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - John H Adams
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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Nicholas J, De SL, Thawornpan P, Brashear AM, Kolli SK, Subramani PA, Barnes SJ, Cui L, Chootong P, Ntumngia FB, Adams JH. Preliminary characterization of Plasmodium vivax sporozoite antigens as pre-erythrocytic vaccine candidates. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011598. [PMID: 37703302 PMCID: PMC10519608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax pre-erythrocytic (PE) vaccine research has lagged far behind efforts to develop Plasmodium falciparum vaccines. There is a critical gap in our knowledge of PE antigen targets that can induce functionally inhibitory neutralizing antibody responses. To overcome this gap and guide the selection of potential PE vaccine candidates, we considered key characteristics such as surface exposure, essentiality to infectivity and liver stage development, expression as recombinant proteins, and functional immunogenicity. Selected P. vivax sporozoite antigens were surface sporozoite protein 3 (SSP3), sporozoite microneme protein essential for cell traversal (SPECT1), sporozoite surface protein essential for liver-stage development (SPELD), and M2 domain of MAEBL. Sequence analysis revealed little variation occurred in putative B-cell and T-cell epitopes of the PE candidates. Each antigen was tested for expression as refolded recombinant proteins using an established bacterial expression platform and only SPELD failed. The successfully expressed antigens were immunogenic in vaccinated laboratory mice and were positively reactive with serum antibodies of P. vivax-exposed residents living in an endemic region in Thailand. Vaccine immune antisera were tested for reactivity to native sporozoite proteins and for their potential vaccine efficacy using an in vitro inhibition of liver stage development assay in primary human hepatocytes quantified on day 6 post-infection by high content imaging analysis. The anti-PE sera produced significant inhibition of P. vivax sporozoite invasion and liver stage development. This report provides an initial characterization of potential new PE candidates for a future P. vivax vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Nicholas
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sai Lata De
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Pongsakorn Thawornpan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Awtum M. Brashear
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Surendra Kumar Kolli
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Pradeep Annamalai Subramani
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Samantha J. Barnes
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Liwang Cui
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Patchanee Chootong
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Francis Babila Ntumngia
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - John H. Adams
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
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Neveu G, Richard C, Dupuy F, Behera P, Volpe F, Subramani PA, Marcel-Zerrougui B, Vallin P, Andrieu M, Minz AM, Azar N, Martins RM, Lorthiois A, Gazeau F, Lopez-Rubio JJ, Mazier D, Silva AKA, Satpathi S, Wassmer SC, Verdier F, Lavazec C. Plasmodium falciparum sexual parasites develop in human erythroblasts and affect erythropoiesis. Blood 2020; 136:1381-1393. [PMID: 32589714 PMCID: PMC7498361 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes, the sexual stage responsible for malaria parasite transmission from humans to mosquitoes, are key targets for malaria elimination. Immature gametocytes develop in the human bone marrow parenchyma, where they accumulate around erythroblastic islands. Notably though, the interactions between gametocytes and this hematopoietic niche have not been investigated. Here, we identify late erythroblasts as a new host cell for P falciparum sexual stages and show that gametocytes can fully develop inside these nucleated cells in vitro and in vivo, leading to infectious mature gametocytes within reticulocytes. Strikingly, we found that infection of erythroblasts by gametocytes and parasite-derived extracellular vesicles delay erythroid differentiation, thereby allowing gametocyte maturation to coincide with the release of their host cell from the bone marrow. Taken together, our findings highlight new mechanisms that are pivotal for the maintenance of immature gametocytes in the bone marrow and provide further insights on how Plasmodium parasites interfere with erythropoiesis and contribute to anemia in malaria patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Neveu
- INSERM U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Cyrielle Richard
- INSERM U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Florian Dupuy
- INSERM U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Prativa Behera
- Department of Pathology, Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Fiona Volpe
- INSERM U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Pradeep Annamalai Subramani
- INSERM U1135, CNRS Equipe de Recherche Labellisée (ERL) 8255, Sorbonne Université, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | | | - Patrice Vallin
- INSERM U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Andrieu
- INSERM U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Aruna Mukti Minz
- Department of Pathology, Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Nabih Azar
- Service d'Hémobiologie, Hôpital La Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Rafael M Martins
- Laboratory of Pathogen Host Interactions - UMR 5235, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; and
| | - Audrey Lorthiois
- INSERM U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Florence Gazeau
- Laboratoire Matières et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - José-Juan Lopez-Rubio
- Laboratory of Pathogen Host Interactions - UMR 5235, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; and
| | - Dominique Mazier
- INSERM U1135, CNRS Equipe de Recherche Labellisée (ERL) 8255, Sorbonne Université, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Amanda K A Silva
- Laboratoire Matières et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057 CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Samuel C Wassmer
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frédérique Verdier
- INSERM U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Lavazec
- INSERM U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
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Yelamanchi SD, Tyagi A, Mohanty V, Dutta P, Korbonits M, Chavan S, Advani J, Madugundu AK, Dey G, Datta KK, Rajyalakshmi M, Sahasrabuddhe NA, Chaturvedi A, Kumar A, Das AA, Ghosh D, Jogdand GM, Nair HH, Saini K, Panchal M, Sarvaiya MA, Mohanraj SS, Sengupta N, Saxena P, Subramani PA, Kumar P, Akkali R, Reshma SV, Santhosh RS, Rastogi S, Kumar S, Ghosh SK, Irlapati VK, Srinivasan A, Radotra BD, Mathur PP, Wong GW, Satishchandra P, Chatterjee A, Gowda H, Bhansali A, Pandey A, Shankar SK, Mahadevan A, Prasad TSK. Proteomic Analysis of the Human Anterior Pituitary Gland. OMICS 2019; 22:759-769. [PMID: 30571610 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2018.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The pituitary function is regulated by a complex system involving the hypothalamus and biological networks within the pituitary. Although the hormones secreted from the pituitary have been well studied, comprehensive analyses of the pituitary proteome are limited. Pituitary proteomics is a field of postgenomic research that is crucial to understand human health and pituitary diseases. In this context, we report here a systematic proteomic profiling of human anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) using high-resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry. A total of 2164 proteins were identified in this study, of which 105 proteins were identified for the first time compared with high-throughput proteomic-based studies from human pituitary glands. In addition, we identified 480 proteins with secretory potential and 187 N-terminally acetylated proteins. These are the first region-specific data that could serve as a vital resource for further investigations on the physiological role of the human anterior pituitary glands and the proteins secreted by them. We anticipate that the identification of previously unknown proteins in the present study will accelerate biomedical research to decipher their role in functioning of the human anterior pituitary gland and associated human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankur Tyagi
- 2 Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Varshasnata Mohanty
- 2 Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Pinaki Dutta
- 3 Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Márta Korbonits
- 4 Department of Endocrinology, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandip Chavan
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Jayshree Advani
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,5 Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Anil K Madugundu
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,5 Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.,6 Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.,7 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gourav Dey
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,5 Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Keshava K Datta
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - M Rajyalakshmi
- 8 Department of Biotechnology, BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Abhishek Chaturvedi
- 9 Department of Biochemistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- 10 Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Apabrita Ayan Das
- 11 Cell Biology and Physiology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Dhiman Ghosh
- 12 Protein Engineering and Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India
| | | | - Haritha H Nair
- 13 Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Keshav Saini
- 14 Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Panchal
- 15 Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India
| | | | - Soundappan S Mohanraj
- 17 Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nabonita Sengupta
- 18 Neuroinflammation Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India
| | - Priti Saxena
- 14 Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Pradeep Kumar
- 20 Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India
| | - Rakhil Akkali
- 21 Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India
| | | | | | - Sangita Rastogi
- 24 Microbiology Laboratory, National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudarshan Kumar
- 25 Proteomics and Structural Biology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Susanta Kumar Ghosh
- 19 Department of Molecular Parasitology, National Institute of Malaria Research, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Anand Srinivasan
- 27 Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bishan Das Radotra
- 28 Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Premendu P Mathur
- 29 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - G William Wong
- 30 Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Aditi Chatterjee
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Anil Bhansali
- 3 Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,5 Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.,6 Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.,7 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,32 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,33 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,34 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,35 Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Susarla K Shankar
- 36 Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India.,37 Human Brain Tissue Repository, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Neurobiology Research Centre, Bangalore, India
| | - Anita Mahadevan
- 36 Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India.,37 Human Brain Tissue Repository, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Neurobiology Research Centre, Bangalore, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,2 Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
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Yengkhom O, Shalini KS, Subramani PA, Michael RD. Stimulation of non-specific immunity, gene expression, and disease resistance in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758), by the methanolic extract of the marine macroalga, Caulerpa scalpelliformis. Vet World 2019; 12:271-276. [PMID: 31040570 PMCID: PMC6460875 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.271-276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The objective of the present study was to test the immunostimulating potential of marine macroalga, Caulerpa scalpelliformis, in terms of non-specific immune responses, gene expression, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758). Materials and Methods O. niloticus was injected intraperitoneally with three different doses of methanol extract of C. scalpelliformis (CSME) (2 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, or 200 mg/kg body weight), or MacroGard™ (commercial immunostimulant, positive control, and 20 mg/kg body weight), or distilled water (untreated control). In one set of fish, 5 days post-injection, serum lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, and antiprotease activities were assayed. 24 h after injection, gene expression was analyzed in a separate set of fish. To another set of fish, 1 week post-administration of the products, fish were challenged with lethal dose 50 (LD50) dose of a live virulent pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila and subsequent resistance to it was noted in terms of cumulative percent mortality. Results CSME increased serum lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, and antiprotease activities. There was an increase in the expression of lysozyme gene in the spleen of treated fish. Mid dose of CSME caused the minimum mortality of 10% (consequent relative percentage survival = 73) which is comparable to that of the positive control. Conclusion CSME is considered to have the potential to be developed into an immunostimulant for finfish aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omita Yengkhom
- Centre for Fish Immunology, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Konda Subramanian Shalini
- Centre for Fish Immunology, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P A Subramani
- Centre for Fish Immunology, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Dinakaran Michael
- Centre for Fish Immunology, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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7
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Kalappa DM, Subramani PA, Basavanna SK, Ghosh SK, Sundaramurthy V, Uragayala S, Tiwari S, Anvikar AR, Valecha N. Influence of midgut microbiota in Anopheles stephensi on Plasmodium berghei infections. Malar J 2018; 17:385. [PMID: 30359252 PMCID: PMC6203276 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The native gut microbiota of Anopheles mosquitoes is known to play a key role in the physiological function of its host. Interestingly, this microbiota can also influence the development of Plasmodium in its host mosquitoes. In recent years, much interest has been shown in the employment of gut symbionts derived from vectors in the control of vector-borne disease transmission. In this study, the midgut microbial diversity has been characterized among laboratory-reared adult Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes, from the colony created by rearing progeny of wild-caught mosquitoes (obtained from three different locations in southern India) for multiple generations, using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing approach. Further, the influence of native midgut microbiota of mosquitoes on the development of rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei in its host has been studied. Methods The microbial diversity associated with the midgut of An. stephensi mosquitoes was studied by sequencing V3 region of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. The influence of native midgut microbiota of An. stephensi mosquitoes on the susceptibility of the mosquitoes to rodent malaria parasite P. berghei was studied by comparing the intensity and prevalence of P. berghei infection among the antibiotic treated and untreated cohorts of mosquitoes. Results The analysis of bacterial diversity from the midguts of An. stephensi showed Proteobacteria as the most dominant population among the three laboratory-reared strains of An. stephensi studied. Major genera identified among these mosquito strains were Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Prevotella, Corynebacterium, Veillonella, and Bacillus. The mosquito infectivity studies carried out to determine the implication of total midgut microbiota on P. berghei infection showed that mosquitoes whose native microbiota cleared with antibiotics had increased susceptibility to P. berghei infection compared to the antibiotic untreated mosquitoes with its natural native microbiota. Conclusions The use of microbial symbiont to reduce the competence of vectors involved in disease transmission has gained much importance in recent years as an emerging alternative approach towards disease control. In this context, the present study was aimed to identify the midgut microbiota composition of An. stephensi, and its effect on the development of P. berghei. Interestingly, the analysis of midgut microbiota from An. stephensi revealed the presence of genus Veillonella in Anopheles species for the first time. Importantly, the study also revealed the negative influence of total midgut microbiota on the development of P. berghei in three laboratory strains of An. stephensi, emphasizing the importance of understanding the gut microbiota in malaria vectors, and its relationship with parasite development in designing strategies to control malaria transmission. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-018-2535-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaiah Monnanda Kalappa
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research (Field Unit), Nirmal Bhawan-ICMR Campus, Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Devanahalli Taluk, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562110, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Pradeep Annamalai Subramani
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research (Field Unit), Nirmal Bhawan-ICMR Campus, Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Devanahalli Taluk, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562110, India
| | - Sowmya Kanchanahalli Basavanna
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research (Field Unit), Nirmal Bhawan-ICMR Campus, Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Devanahalli Taluk, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562110, India
| | - Susanta Kumar Ghosh
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research (Field Unit), Nirmal Bhawan-ICMR Campus, Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Devanahalli Taluk, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562110, India. .,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Varadharajan Sundaramurthy
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560065, India
| | - Sreehari Uragayala
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research (Field Unit), Nirmal Bhawan-ICMR Campus, Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Devanahalli Taluk, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562110, India
| | - Satyanarayan Tiwari
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research (Field Unit), Nirmal Bhawan-ICMR Campus, Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Devanahalli Taluk, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 562110, India
| | - Anupkumar R Anvikar
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector 8, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077, India
| | - Neena Valecha
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector 8, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077, India
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Nair CB, Manjula J, Subramani PA, Nagendrappa PB, Manoj MN, Malpani S, Pullela PK, Subbarao PV, Ramamoorthy S, Ghosh SK. Differential Diagnosis of Malaria on Truelab Uno®, a Portable, Real-Time, MicroPCR Device for Point-Of-Care Applications. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146961. [PMID: 26784111 PMCID: PMC4718663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sensitive and specific detection of malarial parasites is crucial in controlling the significant malaria burden in the developing world. Also important is being able to identify life threatening Plasmodium falciparum malaria quickly and accurately to reduce malaria related mortality. Existing methods such as microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have major shortcomings. Here, we describe a new real-time PCR-based diagnostic test device at point-of-care service for resource-limited settings. Methods Truenat® Malaria, a chip-based microPCR test, was developed by bigtec Labs, Bangalore, India, for differential identification of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax parasites. The Truenat Malaria tests runs on bigtec’s Truelab Uno® microPCR device, a handheld, battery operated, and easy-to-use real-time microPCR device. The performance of Truenat® Malaria was evaluated versus the WHO nested PCR protocol. The Truenat® Malaria was further evaluated in a triple-blinded study design using a sample panel of 281 specimens created from the clinical samples characterized by expert microscopy and a rapid diagnostic test kit by the National Institute of Malaria Research (NIMR). A comparative evaluation was done on the Truelab Uno® and a commercial real-time PCR system. Results The limit of detection of the Truenat Malaria assay was found to be <5 parasites/μl for both P. falciparum and P. vivax. The Truenat® Malaria test was found to have sensitivity and specificity of 100% each, compared to the WHO nested PCR protocol based on the evaluation of 100 samples. The sensitivity using expert microscopy as the reference standard was determined to be around 99.3% (95% CI: 95.5–99.9) at the species level. Mixed infections were identified more accurately by Truenat Malaria (32 samples identified as mixed) versus expert microscopy and RDTs which detected 4 and 5 mixed samples, respectively. Conclusion The Truenat® Malaria microPCR test is a valuable diagnostic tool and implementation should be considered not only for malaria diagnosis but also for active surveillance and epidemiological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekhar Bhaskaran Nair
- bigtec Private Limited, 2nd Floor, Golden Heights, 59th C Cross, 4th M Block, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, 560 010, Karnataka, India
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, School of Advanced Sciences VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Jagannath Manjula
- bigtec Private Limited, 2nd Floor, Golden Heights, 59th C Cross, 4th M Block, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, 560 010, Karnataka, India
| | - Pradeep Annamalai Subramani
- National Institute of Malaria Research, ICMR Complex, Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Devanahalli, Bangalore, 562 110, Karnataka, India
| | - Prakash B. Nagendrappa
- Institute of Trans-disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (IHST), FRLHT, 74/2, Jarakabande Kaval, Attur post, Via Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560 106, Karnataka, India
| | - Mulakkapurath Narayanan Manoj
- bigtec Private Limited, 2nd Floor, Golden Heights, 59th C Cross, 4th M Block, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, 560 010, Karnataka, India
| | - Sukriti Malpani
- bigtec Private Limited, 2nd Floor, Golden Heights, 59th C Cross, 4th M Block, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, 560 010, Karnataka, India
| | - Phani Kumar Pullela
- bigtec Private Limited, 2nd Floor, Golden Heights, 59th C Cross, 4th M Block, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, 560 010, Karnataka, India
| | - Pillarisetti Venkata Subbarao
- bigtec Private Limited, 2nd Floor, Golden Heights, 59th C Cross, 4th M Block, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, 560 010, Karnataka, India
| | - Siva Ramamoorthy
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, School of Advanced Sciences VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Susanta K. Ghosh
- National Institute of Malaria Research, ICMR Complex, Poojanahalli, Kannamangala Post, Devanahalli, Bangalore, 562 110, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail:
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Sundaram B, Varadarajan NM, Subramani PA, Ghosh SK, Nagaraj VA. Purification of a recombinant histidine-tagged lactate dehydrogenase from the malaria parasite, Plasmodium vivax, and characterization of its properties. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:2473-80. [PMID: 25048245 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1622-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium vivax (Pv), serves as a drug target and immunodiagnostic marker. The LDH cDNA generated from total RNA of a clinical isolate of the parasite was cloned into pRSETA plasmid. Recombinant his-tagged PvLDH was over-expressed in E. coli Rosetta2DE3pLysS and purified using Ni(2+)-NTA resin giving a yield of 25-30 mg/litre bacterial culture. The recombinant protein was enzymatically active and its catalytic efficiency for pyruvate was 5.4 × 10(8) min(-1) M(-1), 14.5 fold higher than a low yield preparation reported earlier to obtain PvLDH crystal structure. The enzyme activity was inhibited by gossypol and sodium oxamate. The recombinant PvLDH was reactive in lateral flow immunochromatographic assays detecting pan- and vivax-specific LDH. The soluble recombinant PvLDH purified using heterologous expression system can facilitate the generation of vivax LDH-specific monoclonals and the screening of chemical compound libraries for PvLDH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Sundaram
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
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Nagaraj VA, Sundaram B, Varadarajan NM, Subramani PA, Kalappa DM, Ghosh SK, Padmanaban G. Malaria parasite-synthesized heme is essential in the mosquito and liver stages and complements host heme in the blood stages of infection. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003522. [PMID: 23935500 PMCID: PMC3731253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme metabolism is central to malaria parasite biology. The parasite acquires heme from host hemoglobin in the intraerythrocytic stages and stores it as hemozoin to prevent free heme toxicity. The parasite can also synthesize heme de novo, and all the enzymes in the pathway are characterized. To study the role of the dual heme sources in malaria parasite growth and development, we knocked out the first enzyme, δ-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS), and the last enzyme, ferrochelatase (FC), in the heme-biosynthetic pathway of Plasmodium berghei (Pb). The wild-type and knockout (KO) parasites had similar intraerythrocytic growth patterns in mice. We carried out in vitro radiolabeling of heme in Pb-infected mouse reticulocytes and Plasmodium falciparum-infected human RBCs using [4-14C] aminolevulinic acid (ALA). We found that the parasites incorporated both host hemoglobin-heme and parasite-synthesized heme into hemozoin and mitochondrial cytochromes. The similar fates of the two heme sources suggest that they may serve as backup mechanisms to provide heme in the intraerythrocytic stages. Nevertheless, the de novo pathway is absolutely essential for parasite development in the mosquito and liver stages. PbKO parasites formed drastically reduced oocysts and did not form sporozoites in the salivary glands. Oocyst production in PbALASKO parasites recovered when mosquitoes received an ALA supplement. PbALASKO sporozoites could infect mice only when the mice received an ALA supplement. Our results indicate the potential for new therapeutic interventions targeting the heme-biosynthetic pathway in the parasite during the mosquito and liver stages. We demonstrated about two decades ago that the malaria parasite could make heme on its own, although it imports heme from red blood cell hemoglobin during the blood stages of infection. We investigated the role of parasite-synthesized heme in all stages of parasite growth by knocking out two genes in the heme-biosynthetic pathway of Plasmodium berghei that infects mice. We found that the parasite-synthesized heme complements the function of hemoglobin-heme during the blood stages. The parasite-synthesized heme appears to be a backup mechanism. The parasite incorporates both sources of heme into hemozoin, a detoxification product, and into mitochondrial cytochromes. The parasite-synthesized heme is, however, absolutely essential for parasite growth during the mosquito and liver stages. We restored the sporozoite formation and liver-stage development of the knockout parasites by providing the missing metabolite. Thus, the heme-biosynthetic pathway could be a target for antimalarial therapies in the mosquito and liver stages of infection. The knockout parasite could also be tested for its potential as a genetically attenuated sporozoite vaccine.
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