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Korosec CS, Unksov IN, Surendiran P, Lyttleton R, Curmi PMG, Angstmann CN, Eichhorn R, Linke H, Forde NR. Motility of an autonomous protein-based artificial motor that operates via a burnt-bridge principle. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1511. [PMID: 38396042 PMCID: PMC10891099 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45570-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Inspired by biology, great progress has been made in creating artificial molecular motors. However, the dream of harnessing proteins - the building blocks selected by nature - to design autonomous motors has so far remained elusive. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of the Lawnmower, an autonomous, protein-based artificial molecular motor comprised of a spherical hub decorated with proteases. Its "burnt-bridge" motion is directed by cleavage of a peptide lawn, promoting motion towards unvisited substrate. We find that Lawnmowers exhibit directional motion with average speeds of up to 80 nm/s, comparable to biological motors. By selectively patterning the peptide lawn on microfabricated tracks, we furthermore show that the Lawnmower is capable of track-guided motion. Our work opens an avenue towards nanotechnology applications of artificial protein motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chapin S Korosec
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Ivan N Unksov
- NanoLund and Solid State Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE - 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pradheebha Surendiran
- NanoLund and Solid State Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE - 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roman Lyttleton
- NanoLund and Solid State Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE - 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Paul M G Curmi
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher N Angstmann
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ralf Eichhorn
- Nordita, Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heiner Linke
- NanoLund and Solid State Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE - 22100, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Nancy R Forde
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
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Salhotra A, Rahman MA, Ruijgrok PV, Meinecke CR, Ušaj M, Zemsky S, Lindberg FW, Surendiran P, Lyttleton RW, Linke H, Korten T, Bryant Z, Månsson A. Exploitation of Engineered Light-Switchable Myosin XI for Nanotechnological Applications. ACS Nano 2023; 17:17233-17244. [PMID: 37639711 PMCID: PMC10510702 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
For certain nanotechnological applications of the contractile proteins actin and myosin, e.g., in biosensing and network-based biocomputation, it would be desirable to temporarily switch on/off motile function in parts of nanostructured devices, e.g., for sorting or programming. Myosin XI motor constructs, engineered with a light-switchable domain for switching actin motility between high and low velocities (light-sensitive motors (LSMs) below), are promising in this regard. However, they were not designed for use in nanotechnology, where longevity of operation, long shelf life, and selectivity of function in specific regions of a nanofabricated network are important. Here, we tested if these criteria can be fulfilled using existing LSM constructs or if additional developments will be required. We demonstrated extended shelf life as well as longevity of the actin-propelling function compared to those in previous studies. We also evaluated several approaches for selective immobilization with a maintained actin propelling function in dedicated nanochannels only. Whereas selectivity was feasible using certain nanopatterning combinations, the reproducibility was not satisfactory. In summary, the study demonstrates the feasibility of using engineered light-controlled myosin XI motors for myosin-driven actin transport in nanotechnological applications. Before use for, e.g., sorting or programming, additional work is however needed to achieve reproducibility of the nanofabrication and, further, optimize the motor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseem Salhotra
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus
University, 39182 Kalmar, Sweden
- NanoLundLund
University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mohammad A Rahman
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus
University, 39182 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Paul V Ruijgrok
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 94305 Stanford, California, United
States
| | - Christoph R Meinecke
- Center
for Microtechnologies, Technische Universität
Chemnitz, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Marko Ušaj
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus
University, 39182 Kalmar, Sweden
- NanoLundLund
University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sasha Zemsky
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 94305 Stanford, California, United
States
| | - Frida W Lindberg
- NanoLundLund
University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Solid
State Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Pradheebha Surendiran
- NanoLundLund
University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Solid
State Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Roman W. Lyttleton
- NanoLundLund
University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Solid
State Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Heiner Linke
- NanoLundLund
University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Solid
State Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Till Korten
- B CUBE -
Center for Molecular Bioengineering and Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Zev Bryant
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 94305 Stanford, California, United
States
| | - Alf Månsson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus
University, 39182 Kalmar, Sweden
- NanoLundLund
University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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Surendiran P, Meinecke CR, Salhotra A, Heldt G, Zhu J, Månsson A, Diez S, Reuter D, Kugler H, Linke H, Korten T. Solving Exact Cover Instances with Molecular-Motor-Powered Network-Based Biocomputation. ACS Nanosci Au 2022; 2:396-403. [PMID: 36281252 PMCID: PMC9585575 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.2c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Information processing
by traditional, serial electronic processors
consumes an ever-increasing part of the global electricity supply.
An alternative, highly energy efficient, parallel computing paradigm
is network-based biocomputation (NBC). In NBC a given combinatorial
problem is encoded into a nanofabricated, modular network. Parallel
exploration of the network by a very large number of independent molecular-motor-propelled
protein filaments solves the encoded problem. Here we demonstrate
a significant scale-up of this technology by solving four instances
of Exact Cover, a nondeterministic polynomial time (NP) complete problem
with applications in resource scheduling. The difficulty of the largest
instances solved here is 128 times greater in comparison to the current
state of the art for NBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aseem Salhotra
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar SE-39231, Sweden
| | - Georg Heldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar SE-39231, Sweden
| | - Jingyuan Zhu
- NanoLund and Solid State Physics, Lund University, Box 118, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Alf Månsson
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar SE-39231, Sweden
| | - Stefan Diez
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden D-01307, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden D-01307, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden D-01307, Germany
| | - Danny Reuter
- Center for Microtechnologies, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz D-09126, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems ENAS, Chemnitz, D-09126, Germany
| | - Hillel Kugler
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Heiner Linke
- NanoLund and Solid State Physics, Lund University, Box 118, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Till Korten
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden D-01307, Germany
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Unksov IN, Korosec CS, Surendiran P, Verardo D, Lyttleton R, Forde NR, Linke H. Through the Eyes of Creators: Observing Artificial Molecular Motors. ACS Nanosci Au 2022; 2:140-159. [PMID: 35726277 PMCID: PMC9204826 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.1c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Inspired by molecular
motors in biology, there has been significant
progress in building artificial molecular motors, using a number of
quite distinct approaches. As the constructs become more sophisticated,
there is also an increasing need to directly observe the motion of
artificial motors at the nanoscale and to characterize their performance.
Here, we review the most used methods that tackle those tasks. We
aim to help experimentalists with an overview of the available tools
used for different types of synthetic motors and to choose the method
most suited for the size of a motor and the desired measurements,
such as the generated force or distances in the moving system. Furthermore,
for many envisioned applications of synthetic motors, it will be a
requirement to guide and control directed motions. We therefore also
provide a perspective on how motors can be observed on structures
that allow for directional guidance, such as nanowires and microchannels.
Thus, this Review facilitates the future research on synthetic molecular
motors, where observations at a single-motor level and a detailed
characterization of motion will promote applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan N. Unksov
- Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Chapin S. Korosec
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, V5A 1S6 Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Damiano Verardo
- Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- AlignedBio AB, Medicon Village, Scheeletorget 1, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Roman Lyttleton
- Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Nancy R. Forde
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, V5A 1S6 Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Heiner Linke
- Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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