1
|
Adejuyigbe EA, Agyeman I, Anand P, Anyabolu HC, Arya S, Assenga EN, Badhal S, Brobby NW, Chellani HK, Chopra N, Debata PK, Dube Q, Dua T, Gadama L, Gera R, Hammond CK, Jain S, Kantumbiza F, Kawaza K, Kija EN, Lal P, Mallewa M, Manu MK, Mehta A, Mhango T, Naburi HE, Newton S, Nyanor I, Nyako PA, Oke OJ, Patel A, Phlange-Rhule G, Sehgal R, Singhal R, Wadhwa N, Yiadom AB. Evaluation of the impact of continuous Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) initiated immediately after birth compared to KMC initiated after stabilization in newborns with birth weight 1.0 to < 1.8 kg on neurodevelopmental outcomes: Protocol for a follow-up study. Trials 2023; 24:265. [PMID: 37038239 PMCID: PMC10088121 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth or low birth weight is the single largest cause of death in newborns, however this mortality can be reduced through newborn care interventions, including Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC). Previously, a multi-country randomized controlled trial, coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO), reported a significant survival advantage with initiation of continuous KMC immediately after birth compared with initiation of continuous KMC a few days after birth when the baby is considered clinically stable. Whether the survival advantage would lead to higher rates of neurodevelopmental morbidities, or the immediate KMC will also have a beneficial effect on cognitive development also, has not been investigated. We therefore propose to test the hypothesis that low-birth-weight infants exposed to immediate KMC will have lower rates of neurodevelopmental impairment in comparison to traditional KMC-treated infants, by prospectively following up infants already enrolled in the immediate KMC trial for the first 2 years of life, and assessing their growth and neurodevelopment. METHODS This prospective cohort study will enroll surviving neonates from the main WHO immediate KMC trial. The main trial as well as this follow-up study are being conducted in five low- and middle-income countries in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The estimated sample size for comparison of the risk of neurodevelopmental impairment is a total of 2200 children. The primary outcome will include rates of cerebral palsy, hearing impairment, vision impairment, mental and motor development, and epilepsy and will be assessed by the age of 3 years. The analysis will be by intention to treat. DISCUSSION Immediate KMC can potentially reduce low-birth-weight-associated complications such as respiratory disease, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, and infection that can result in impaired neurocognitive development. Neuroprotection may also be mediated by improved physiological stabilization that may lead to better maturation of neural pathways, reduced risk of hypoxia, positive parental impact, improved sleep cycles, and improved stress responses. The present study will help in evaluating the overall impact of KMC by investigating the long-term effect on neurodevelopmental impairment in the survivors. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials Registry-India CTRI/2019/11/021899. Registered on 06 November 2019. Trials registration of parent trial: ACTRN12618001880235; Clinical Trials Registry-India: CTRI/2018/08/015369.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E A Adejuyigbe
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 220005, Nigeria
| | - I Agyeman
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, P.O. Box 1934, Adum, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - P Anand
- Department of Pediatrics, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - H C Anyabolu
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 220005, Nigeria
| | - S Arya
- Department of Pediatrics, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - E N Assenga
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, 255, Tanzania
| | - S Badhal
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - N W Brobby
- Department of Child Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - H K Chellani
- Department of Pediatrics, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - N Chopra
- Department of Pediatrics, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - P K Debata
- Department of Pediatrics, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Q Dube
- Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - T Dua
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L Gadama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - R Gera
- Department of Pediatrics, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - C K Hammond
- Department of Child Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - S Jain
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - F Kantumbiza
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - K Kawaza
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - E N Kija
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, 255, Tanzania
| | - P Lal
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences &, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - M Mallewa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - M K Manu
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, P.O. Box 1934, Adum, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - A Mehta
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - T Mhango
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - H E Naburi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, 255, Tanzania
| | - S Newton
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - I Nyanor
- Research and Development, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, P.O. Box 1934, Adum, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - P A Nyako
- Department of Psychiatry, Child And Adolescent Mental Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, P.O. Box 1934, Adum, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - O J Oke
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 220005, Nigeria
| | - A Patel
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Epilepsy & Clinical Neurophysiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - G Phlange-Rhule
- Clinical Development Services Agency (CDSA), Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, PO Box #04, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - R Sehgal
- Department of Pediatrics, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - R Singhal
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, PO Box #04, 121001, Faridabad, India
| | - N Wadhwa
- Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3Rd MilestonePost Box #04, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
| | - A B Yiadom
- Department of Child Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rai A, Bhati P, Anand P. Exercise induced muscle damage and repeated bout effect: an update for last 10 years and future perspectives. Comparative Exercise Physiology 2022. [DOI: 10.3920/cep220025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and repeated bout effect (RBE) are widely researched across various populations. EIMD is the muscle damage occurring after one bout of unaccustomed exercise while RBE is the attenuation of the same muscle damage in subsequent second bout. RBE seems to have significant implications for exercise prescription. Despite existence of vast literature, there is lack of clarity on the effects of EIMD and RBE in a healthy population. The purpose of this study is to review the literature on EIMD and RBE in healthy participants published during the last 10 years. The search of major databases (including Scopus, Google Scholar and PubMed) was conducted using specific keywords ‘Exercise induced muscle damage’, ‘Repeated bout effect’, ‘Healthy participants’ ‘Pre-conditioning’, ‘Eccentric exercise’. Studies published from 2011 onwards which included EIMD and RBE assessment in healthy participants were included in this review. Database searching revealed a total of 38 studies on EIMD and RBE in healthy participants. Three major themes of papers were identified that focused on EIMD and RBE along with (1) age related differences, (2) sex-based differences, and (3) response in athletes. Findings of this comprehensive review suggests that both EIMD and RBE are age, and sex specific. Delayed onset muscle soreness played a major role in both EIMD and RBE in all the population types. Female participants are less susceptible to EIMD as compared to age-matched male counterparts. Moreover, both EIMD and RBE are more elicited in middle aged and younger adults as compared to children and older adults while the magnitude of RBE turns out to be minimal in trained individuals due to persisting adaptations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Rai
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - P. Bhati
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - P. Anand
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tanwer N, Anand P, Batra N, Kant K, Gautam YP, Sahoo SK. Measurement of Seasonal Variation of Outdoor Gamma Radiation Dose Rate Level and Assessment of Consequent Health Hazards in Panchkula, Haryana, India. Radiochemistry 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1066362222030213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
4
|
Arora K, Chauhan D, Gupta M, Bhati P, Anand P, Hussain M. Impact of tele rehabilitation on clinical outcomes in patients recovering from COVID-19: a preliminary investigation. Comparative Exercise Physiology 2022. [DOI: 10.3920/cep210048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary rehabilitation has proven to be an effective therapeutic intervention for people with chronic respiratory disease. Considering the highly contagious nature of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), it becomes imperative to develop a method which can effectively improve clinical disease outcomes of these patients without any physical contact. The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of tele rehabilitation on dyspnoea, endurance and quality-of-life in patients recovering from COVID 19. Thirty-two participants (age: 42.5±13.94, height: 165.8±10.06, weight: 68.5±9.63, body mass index: 25.0±3.61) who are recovering from COVID-19 were recruited as per the eligibility criteria. They were randomly allocated into two groups, Tele rehabilitation (n=16) and Control (n=16) by lottery method. All the selected participants were assessed at baseline for perceived dyspnoea, endurance and quality-of-life. Patients in the Tele rehabilitation group received 14 sessions of rehabilitation on alternate days online via google meet over a period of 28 days. Control group received usual care during the study period. Standard statistical tests were employed to test the study hypothesis. Results suggested a significant improvement in both dyspnoea (P=0.001) and endurance (P<0.001) in response to tele rehabilitation. Domains of quality-of-life such as physical role (P=0.02), vitality (P=0.04), emotional role (P=0.03), mental health (P=0.02) and physical components score (P=0.007) also showed significant improvement with tele rehabilitation in patients recovering from COVID-19. Findings of this preliminary study concludes that tele rehabilitation may be considered a treatment of choice in patients recovering from COVID-19 for improving outcomes of dyspnoea, endurance and quality-of-life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. Arora
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana, 122505, India
| | - D. Chauhan
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana, 122505, India
| | - M. Gupta
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana, 122505, India
| | - P. Bhati
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana, 122505, India
| | - P. Anand
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana, 122505, India
| | - M.E. Hussain
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana, 122505, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Van der Boor CF, Christiansen P, Anand P, White R. The development and validation of the ‘Good Life in the Community Scale’ (GLiCS): a validation study with women migrants living in high income countries. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:486. [PMID: 35277148 PMCID: PMC8917750 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
To date, few assessment instruments have been developed to quantitatively measure the mental health status of migrant populations specifically. This paper describes the development and preliminary assessment of the ‘Good Life in the Community Scale’ (GLiCS). GLiCS is a wellbeing measure for migrant women in high-income settings that was coproduced with experts by experience across two phases.
Methods
The study used a mixed-methods approach and was composed of two phases. Phase I: 88 initial items generated using qualitative data collected in a previous study were reduced to 42 through consultation with expert advisory panels, based on whether each item was considered understandable and relevant Phase II: these 42 items were piloted with a sample of migrant women (N = 109). A preliminary exploratory factor analysis was conducted using Oblique rotation. Internal consistency was measured using McDonald’s ω. Convergent validity was tested by correlating the GLiCS with the Oxford Capabilities Questionnaire Mental Health (OxCAP-MH), WHO-5 wellbeing index and Objective Social Outcomes Index (SIX). Incremental validity was tested using hierarchical regression analysis to ascertain the effect on the WHO-5 wellbeing index of: age, migration status, SIX, OxCAP-MH and GLiCS. Known groups validity, the ability a measure has to discriminate between groups likely to differ on the variables of interest, was tested between the different migrant categories using a simple between subjects ANOVA.
Results
Exploratory factor analysis confirmed a 17-item (three-factor: (i) access to resources, (ii) belonging and contributing, (iii) independence) scale with high internal consistency (McDonald’s ω = 0.91). Convergent and incremental validity were also evidenced.
Conclusion
The GLiCS has demonstrable good internal consistency and construct validity, and it presents a promising wellbeing measure for better understanding the experience of migrant women.
Collapse
|
6
|
Anand P, Vincent Lau K, Martinez-Ramirez S. MRI Shrimp Sign in Sarcoidosis-Associated Cerebellar Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:E1-E2. [PMID: 35058301 PMCID: PMC8985664 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Anand
- Department of NeurologyBoston Medical CenterBoston University School of MedicineBoston, Massachusetts
| | - K.H. Vincent Lau
- Department of NeurologyBoston Medical CenterBoston University School of MedicineBoston, Massachusetts
| | - S. Martinez-Ramirez
- Department of NeurologyBoston Medical CenterBoston University School of MedicineBoston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pugazhenthi N, Anand P. Investigation of mechanical properties of hybrid medium density fiberboards using coir and sawdust with UF resin. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-04051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
8
|
Pugazhenthi N, Anand P. Mechanical and thermal behavior of hybrid composite medium density fiberboard reinforced with phenol formaldehyde. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08597. [PMID: 34977413 PMCID: PMC8689084 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The world was in demand of wood products mainly for interior design, furniture making and household utilizes and at the same time agricultural residue usage was increased for making Engineering woods. Coconut is an abundant crop in Asia and coir fiber was extracted from coconut husk, as by-products. MDF was one of the by-products produced from coir reinforced with resin. In this work, the coconut coir was used to produce hybrid MDF with basalt fiber and phenol-formaldehyde resin hybridization. The panel was prepared with different coir and basalt fiber combinations by keeping a fixed resin percentage. The coir and basalt fiber percentage ranges from 40 to 75 % and 5–40 % respectively. SEM studied the morphological characteristic of the panel whereas thermal stability of the panel was evaluated through Thermo-gravimetric Analysis. The fire resistance was observed through a flammability test. The physical properties and mechanical properties were evaluated by ASTM Standards. From the investigations, the MoR and MoE have a higher value for Panel 3 with 29.14 N/mm2 and 3143 N/mm2 respectively and the internal bonding strength shows of 2.1 N/mm2 maximum values of mechanical properties. The result shows for panel 3 has 15 % and 18 % more strength for MoE and MoR respectively and IB also shows 35 % of increased value.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ashley P, Anand P, Andersson K. Best clinical practice guidance for conscious sedation of children undergoing dental treatment: an EAPD policy document. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2021; 22:989-1002. [PMID: 34453697 PMCID: PMC8629790 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-021-00660-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to fear and/or behaviour management problems, some children are unable to cooperate for dental treatment using local anaesthesia and psychological support alone. Sedation is required for these patients in order for dentists to be able to deliver high quality, pain-free dental care. The aim of this guideline is to evaluate the efficacy and relative efficacy of conscious sedation agents and dosages for behaviour management in paediatric dentistry and to provide guidance as to which sedative agents should be used. METHODS These guidelines were developed using a multi-step approach adapted from that outlined by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE (2020) Developing NICE Guidelines: the manual. https://www.nice.org.uk/process/pmg20/chapter/introduction#main-stages-of-guideline-development . Accessed 7 Oct 2020). Evidence for this guideline was provided from a pre-existing Cochrane review (Ashley et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 12:CD003877, 2018) supplemented by an updated search and data extraction up to May 2020. RESULTS Studies were from 18 different countries and had recruited 4131 participants overall with an average of 70 participants per study. Ages ranged from 0 to 16 years with an average age of 5.6 years across all included studies. A wide variety of drugs or combinations of drugs (n = 38) were used and delivered orally, intranasally, intravenously, rectally, intramuscularly, submucosally, transmucosally or by inhalation sedation. Twenty-four different outcome measures for behaviour were used. The wide range of drug combinations and outcome measures used greatly complicated description and analysis of the data. CONCLUSION Oral midazolam is recommended for conscious dental sedation. Midazolam delivered via other methods or nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation could be considered, but the evidence for both was very low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Ashley
- Paediatric Dentistry, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Rockefeller Building, University St, London, WC1E 6DE, UK.
| | - P Anand
- Royal National ENT and Eastman Dental Hospitals, UCLH NHS Trust, 47-49 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DG, UK
| | - K Andersson
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Karolinska Institutet, POB 4064, SE-141 04, Huddinge, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Alfahad S, Alostad M, Dunkley S, Anand P, Harvey S, Monteiro J. Dense bone islands in pediatric patients: a case series study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2021; 22:751-757. [PMID: 33423206 PMCID: PMC8302511 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-020-00596-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Dense Bone Islands (DBIs) are anatomic variants defined as radiopaque lesions consisting of hamartomatous cortical bone, often presenting as incidental radiographic findings. DBIs can also be known as idiopathic osteosclerosis, bone whorl, focal periapical osteopetrosis, bone scar and enostosis. We found a paucity of literature for management and reporting of this condition in children. For this reason, the authors describe sixteen cases of children and adolescents with dense bony islands and suggest a pathway for management. Case series Cases presented to the RNENT and Eastman Dental Hospital or private practice, either as chance findings or for diagnosis and treatment planning of undiagnosed radiopaque areas. The individuals were aged between 10 and 17 years; 6 boys and 10 girls. All radiographic reports described DBIs. Diagnoses were confirmed by a Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology Consultant and advised no intervention. In some cases, monitoring was advised. Caution in orthodontic tooth movement was advised for five patients. Conclusion DBIs are common findings that seldom require treatment; however, caution should be exercised when undertaking orthodontic movement in the area of a DBI due to a potential risk of root resorption. Accurate identification and multidisciplinary management are of utmost importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Alfahad
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, RNENT and Eastman Dental Hospital, 47-49 Huntley St, Bloomsbury, London, WC1E 6DG, UK.
| | - M Alostad
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, RNENT and Eastman Dental Hospital, 47-49 Huntley St, Bloomsbury, London, WC1E 6DG, UK
| | - S Dunkley
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, RNENT and Eastman Dental Hospital, 47-49 Huntley St, Bloomsbury, London, WC1E 6DG, UK
| | - P Anand
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, RNENT and Eastman Dental Hospital, 47-49 Huntley St, Bloomsbury, London, WC1E 6DG, UK
| | - S Harvey
- Department of Radiology, RNENT and Eastman Dental Hospital, 47-49 Huntley St, Bloomsbury, London, WC1E 6DG, UK
| | - J Monteiro
- Great Ormond Street Hospital (Previously: RNENT and Eastman Dental Hospital), Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Maymone M, Laughter M, Jones J, Anand P, Dellavalle R, Hugh J, Dunnick C. 551 Mid-level providers and the dermatology literature: A bibliometric analysis of trends 1973-2018. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Hu S, Anand P, Laughter M, Maymone M. 548 Holistic dermatology: An evidence-based review of modifiable lifestyle factors associations with dermatologic disorders. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
13
|
Abstract
Background Uremic neuropathy commonly affects patients with chronic kidney disease, with
painful sensations in the feet, followed by numbness and weakness in the
legs and hands. The symptoms usually resolve following kidney
transplantation, but the mechanisms of uremic neuropathy and associated pain
symptoms remain unknown. As blood urea levels are elevated in patients with
chronic kidney disease, we examined the morphological and functional effects
of clinically observed levels of urea on sensory neurons. Methods Rat dorsal root ganglion neurons were treated with 10 or 50 mmol/L urea for
48 h, fixed and immunostained for PGP9.5 and βIII tubulin
immunofluorescence. Neurons were also immunostained for TRPV1, TRPM8 and
Gap43 expression, and the capsaicin sensitivity of urea- or vehicle-treated
neurons was determined. Results Urea-treated neurons had degenerating neurites with diminished PGP9.5
immunofluorescence, and swollen, retracted growth cones. βIII tubulin
appeared clumped after urea treatment. After 48 hours urea treatment,
neurite lengths were significantly reduced to 60 ± 2.6% (10 mmol/L,
**P < 0.01), and to 56.2 ± 3.3% (50 mmol/L, **P < 0.01), compared with
control neurons. Fewer neurons survived urea treatment, with 70.08 ± 13.3%
remaining after 10 mmol/L (*P < 0.05) and 61.49 ± 7.4% after 50 mmol/L
urea treatment (**P < 0.01), compared with controls. The proportion of
neurons expressing TRPV1 was reduced after urea treatment, but not TRPM8
expressing neurons. In functional studies, treatment with urea resulted in
dose-dependent neuronal sensitization. Capsaicin responses were
significantly increased to 115.29 ± 3.4% (10 mmol/L, **P < 0.01) and
125.3 ± 4.2% (50 mmol/L, **P < 0.01), compared with controls.
Sensitization due to urea was eliminated in the presence of the TRPV1
inhibitor SB705498, the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor
PD98059, the PI3 kinase inhibitor LY294002 and the TRPM8 inhibitor
N-(3-Aminopropyl)-2-[(3-methylphenyl)methoxy]-N-(2-thienylmethyl)benzamide
(AMTB hydrochloride). Conclusion Neurite degeneration and sensitization are consistent with uremic neuropathy
and provide a disease-relevant model to test new treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Anand
- Peripheral Neuropathy Unit, Centre for Clinical Translation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.,Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Y Korchev
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - P Anand
- Peripheral Neuropathy Unit, Centre for Clinical Translation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Maiti S, Anand P, Azlan F, Dana J, Ghosh HN. Improving the Power-Conversion Efficiency through Alloying in Common Anion CdZnX (X=S, Se) Nanocrystal Sensitized Solar Cells. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2662-2667. [PMID: 31120604 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we have investigated the possibility of utilizing CdZnS and CdZnSe alloy nanocrystals (NCs) as sensitizers in quantum-dot solar cells (QDSCs). The alloy NCs were synthesized by a high-temperature hot injection method and subsequently characterized through high photoluminescence quantum yield, along with larger size compared to binary NCs. Femtosecond transient absorption measurements revealed long-lived charge carriers in the alloy structure due to more structural rigidity and less defect states. Finally, the solar-cell efficiencies of the CdZnS (CdZnSe) NCs were found to be 3.05 % (3.69 %) as compared to 1.23 % (3.12 %) efficiencies for CdS (CdSe) NCs. Thus, common anion ternary NCs have been successfully utilized for solar-cell assembly and can be helpful for constructing tandem solar cells to harvest the high-energy portion of solar radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Maiti
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Pranav Anand
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Farazuddin Azlan
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Jayanta Dana
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Hirendra N Ghosh
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India.,Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Presley C, Rundle CW, Kolodziejczyk T, Andrews S, Shumaker P, Anand P, Lee K, Dellavalle RP, Boyle RJ. Prioritization of Cochrane Systematic Reviews. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:1303-1304. [PMID: 31145811 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Presley
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine
| | | | | | - S Andrews
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine
| | | | - P Anand
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | | | - R P Dellavalle
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus.,US Department of Veterans Affairs Rocky Mountain Regional Medical Center
| | - R J Boyle
- Imperial College London.,University of Nottingham. Full details available online in File S1 (see Supporting information)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Surani S, Aiyer A, Eikermann S, Murphy T, Anand P, Varon J, Vanderheiden D, Khan A, Guzman A. Adoption and adherence to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease GOLD guidelines in a primary care setting. SAGE Open Med 2019; 7:2050312119842221. [PMID: 31057794 PMCID: PMC6452427 DOI: 10.1177/2050312119842221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Over 380 million people in the world live with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and it is the third leading cause of death in the United States. Despite updated guidelines, there may be significant variations in diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at a primary care level. The aim of the study was to examine primary care physician management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in two community clinics. Methods After approval from the Institutional Review Board, a retrospective chart review was done among all patients with the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in two community clinics. Baseline demographics, utilization of spirometry, exacerbation history and home oxygen use were also obtained. Results Chart reviews of 101 patients were completed (52 male and 49 female) in two outpatient primary care provider offices (Office A: 66 patients and Office B: 35 patients). None of the patients had validated measures of dyspnoea such as CAT or mMRC scores. Only 21% (22/101) of the patients had formal pulmonary function test testing done, and of those who had pulmonary function tests, 31.5% of patients were incorrectly diagnosed and mislabelled as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pharmacotherapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was not in alignment with GOLD guidelines, with only 42% of patients on an inhaler regimen that included a long-acting muscarinic antagonist. Conclusion There is suboptimal use of pulmonary function test in a primary care setting for diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and substantial errors in diagnosis. There is virtually no use routinely of validated symptom scales for diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There is substantial variance in pharmacotherapy, and regimens routinely do not follow GOLD guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salim Surani
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Akshar Aiyer
- Pulmonary Associates of Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Stephen Eikermann
- Critical Care, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Pranav Anand
- Pulmonary Associates of Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Joseph Varon
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Alamgir Khan
- Corpus Christi Medical Center-Bay Area, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Antonio Guzman
- Corpus Christi Medical Center-Bay Area, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Anand P, Albert PI, Rao AR. Observed Inter annual Variability of Upwelling Characteristics during 2016 2017 A Study using Princeton Ocean Model. DEFENCE SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.14429/dsj.69.14218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Oceanographic observations carried out during 2016 and 2017 onboard INS Sagardhwani in the Southeastern Arabian sea are used to study the inter-annual variability of the upwelling. In 2016, the strong upwelling signatures are noticed in the observations (SST < 27°C and strong up-slopping of isotherms) as well as in the satellite derived sea level anomaly data. Whereas in 2017 the low sea level in June (-2 cm) are weakened during the mid of July (+3 cm) along the southern track (8 °N and 9 °N). This decrease in the strength in 2017 can be attributed to two major reasons. One is the presence of an anti-cyclonic eddy along the coast (8.5 °N, 76.5 °E) weakens the upwelling processes and second is the weak northerly component of the wind compared to 2016. In addition, Lakshadweep low is less prominent and situated towards the southern side (around 7°N) of its usual region of occurrence in 2017. The inter-annual variability of upwelling during July 2016 and 2017 is investigated using the 3D ocean model Princeton Ocean Model. Experiments with model in different combinations of forcing reveals that the alongshore wind component is the major parameter influencing the upwelling characteristics during these periods.
Collapse
|
18
|
Raju RP, Anand P, Fernandez DR, Rao AR. Effect of Azimuthal Asymmetry Caused by Upwelling on 3D Ocean Acoustic Propagation. DEFENCE SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.14429/dsj.69.14220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
3-D underwater parabolic equation model based on implicit finite difference method has been implemented for South Eastern Arabian Sea (SEAS). The bathymetric and geo-acoustic features have been integrated in the model for a 50 km circular region in SEAS. The model can simulate the effects of azimuthal variation in oceanographic features and compute azimuthally coupled pressure due to an omni-directional source. The azimuthal variation in oceanographic conditions can be observed during an upwelling event. In the first case study, the effect of upwelling event on three-dimensional acoustic propagation has been studied by using sound speed profile data derived from INS Sagardhwani observations. The difference in Transmission loss mosaic for upslope and downslope propagation is due to bathymetry as well as upwelling. In the second case study, the effect of upwelling only, is studied by running a model corresponding to range independent sound speed profile field and range dependent bathymetry. It was observed that during this upwelling event, the transmission loss is higher at longer ranges during upslope propagation than downslope propagation. This is due to the increase in the thickness of sonic layer duct as acoustic wave propagates from shallow to deep water. The effect of azimuthal variation i
Collapse
|
19
|
Shillo P, Selvarajah D, Greig M, Gandhi R, Rao G, Wilkinson ID, Anand P, Tesfaye S. Reduced vitamin D levels in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabet Med 2019; 36:44-51. [PMID: 30102801 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Recent studies have reported an association between low vitamin D levels and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. However, many of these did not differentiate between people with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy and those with painless diabetic peripheral neuropathy, or assess major confounding factors including sunlight exposure and daily activity. Our study addressed these limitations and evaluated vitamin D levels in people with carefully phenotyped diabetic peripheral neuropathy and controls. METHODS Forty-five white Europeans with Type 2 diabetes and 14 healthy volunteers underwent clinical and neurophysiological assessments. People with Type 2 diabetes were then divided into three groups (17 with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy, 14 with painless diabetic peripheral neuropathy and 14 with no diabetic peripheral neuropathy). All had seasonal sunlight exposure and daily activity measured, underwent a lower limb skin biopsy and had 25-hydroxyvitamin D measured during the summer months, July to September. RESULTS After adjusting for age, BMI, activity score and sunlight exposure, 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (nmol/l) (se) were significantly lower in people with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy [painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy 34.9 (5.8), healthy volunteers 62.05 (6.7), no diabetic peripheral neuropathy 49.6 (6.1), painless diabetic peripheral neuropathy 53.1 (6.2); ANCOVAP = 0.03]. Direct logistic regression was used to assess the impact of seven independent variables on painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Vitamin D was the only independent variable to make a statistically significant contribution to the model with an inverted odds ratio of 1.11. Lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels also correlated with lower cold detection thresholds (r = 0.39, P = 0.02) and subepidermal nerve fibre densities (r = 0.42, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated a significant difference in 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in well-characterized people with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy, while accounting for the main confounding factors. This suggests a possible role for vitamin D in the pathogenesis of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Further prospective and intervention trials are required to prove causality between low vitamin D levels and painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Shillo
- Diabetes Research Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield
| | - D Selvarajah
- Department of Oncology and Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield
| | - M Greig
- Diabetes Research Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield
| | - R Gandhi
- Diabetes Research Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield
| | - G Rao
- Diabetes Research Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield
| | - I D Wilkinson
- Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield
| | - P Anand
- Peripheral Neuropathy Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S Tesfaye
- Diabetes Research Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Inaamul Hassan MM, Badrinath AK, Nagarajan K, Anand P, Babu SS, Asmathulla S. Coronary risk prediction by the correlation of total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratios, non-high-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein-B, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein with low-density lipoprotein in Indian patients under statin therapy. Heart India 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/heartindia.heartindia_2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
21
|
Maiti S, Azlan F, Anand P, Jadhav Y, Dana J, Haram SK, Ghosh HN. Boosting the Efficiency of Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells through Formation of the Cation-Exchanged Hole Transporting Layer. Langmuir 2018; 34:50-57. [PMID: 29219326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In search of a viable way to enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells, we have designed a method by introducing a hole transporting layer (HTL) of p-type CuS through partial cation exchange process in a postsynthetic ligand-assisted assembly of nanocrystals (NCs). High-quality CdSe and CdSSe gradient alloy NCs were synthesized through colloidal method, and the charge carrier dynamics was monitored through ultrafast transient absorption measurements. A notable increase in the short-circuit current concomitant with the increase in open-circuit voltage and the fill factor led to 45% increment in PCE for CdSe-based solar cells upon formation of the CuS HTL. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy further revealed that the CuS layer formation increases recombination resistance at the TiO2/NC/electrolyte interface, implying that interfacial recombination gets drastically reduced because of smooth hole transfer to the redox electrolyte. Utilizing the same approach for CdSSe alloy NCs, the highest PCE (4.03%) was obtained upon CuS layer formation compared to 3.26% PCE for the untreated one and 3.61% PCE with the conventional ZnS coating. Therefore, such strategies will help to overcome the kinetic barriers of hole transfer to electrolytes, which is one of the major obstacles of high-performance devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Maiti
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400085, India
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University , Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Farazuddin Azlan
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Pranav Anand
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Yogesh Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University , Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Jayanta Dana
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute , Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Santosh K Haram
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University , Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Hirendra N Ghosh
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400085, India
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology , Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
<p class="p1"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>A three dimensional ocean circulation model (Princeton Ocean Model) is utilised to study the thermohaline variability of the eastern Arabian Sea associated with changes in the three input bathymetry data sets, viz. ETOPO5 (E5), Modified ETOPO5 (ME5) and ME5 further modified based on actual fine resolution data collected using Multibeam echo-sounder (MEN5). The temperature and salinity measurements made onboard INS Sagardhwani for the period July 2000 is utilised to validate the model. Simulations of temperature using Princeton Ocean Model show good improvement in the coastal region with MEN5 bathymetry data (RMS error of 0.71 °C and correlation coefficient of 0.98). The study highlights the choice of fine resolution bathymetry data in the simulation of nearshore processes, where bathymetry is very complex.</p>
Collapse
|
23
|
Haghshenas A, Frieri M, Jo D, Anand P. P178 Mycobacterium tuberculosis in rheumatoid arthritis: negative tuberculin skin test, positive on interferon gamma release assay. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.09.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
24
|
Anand U, Sinisi M, Fox M, MacQuillan A, Quick T, Korchev Y, Bountra C, McCarthy T, Anand P. Mycolactone-mediated neurite degeneration and functional effects in cultured human and rat DRG neurons: Mechanisms underlying hypoalgesia in Buruli ulcer. Mol Pain 2016; 12:12/0/1744806916654144. [PMID: 27325560 PMCID: PMC4956182 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916654144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mycolactone is a polyketide toxin secreted by the mycobacterium Mycobacterium ulcerans, responsible for the extensive hypoalgesic skin lesions characteristic of patients with Buruli ulcer. A recent pre-clinical study proposed that mycolactone may produce analgesia via activation of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R). In contrast, AT2R antagonist EMA401 has shown analgesic efficacy in animal models and clinical trials for neuropathic pain. We therefore investigated the morphological and functional effects of mycolactone in cultured human and rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and the role of AT2R using EMA401. Primary sensory neurons were prepared from avulsed cervical human DRG and rat DRG; 24 h after plating, neurons were incubated for 24 to 96 h with synthetic mycolactone A/B, followed by immunostaining with antibodies to PGP9.5, Gap43, β tubulin, or Mitotracker dye staining. Acute functional effects were examined by measuring capsaicin responses with calcium imaging in DRG neuronal cultures treated with mycolactone. Results Morphological effects: Mycolactone-treated cultures showed dramatically reduced numbers of surviving neurons and non-neuronal cells, reduced Gap43 and β tubulin expression, degenerating neurites and reduced cell body diameter, compared with controls. Dose-related reduction of neurite length was observed in mycolactone-treated cultures. Mitochondria were distributed throughout the length of neurites and soma of control neurons, but clustered in the neurites and soma of mycolactone-treated neurons. Functional effects: Mycolactone-treated human and rat DRG neurons showed dose-related inhibition of capsaicin responses, which were reversed by calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine and phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-Methylxanthine, indicating involvement of cAMP/ATP reduction. The morphological and functional effects of mycolactone were not altered by Angiotensin II or AT2R antagonist EMA401. Conclusion Mycolactone induces toxic effects in DRG neurons, leading to impaired nociceptor function, neurite degeneration, and cell death, resembling the cutaneous hypoalgesia and nerve damage in individuals with M. Ulcerans infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Anand
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Sinisi
- Peripheral Nerve Injury Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Middlesex, UK
| | - M Fox
- Peripheral Nerve Injury Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Middlesex, UK
| | - A MacQuillan
- Peripheral Nerve Injury Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Middlesex, UK
| | - T Quick
- Peripheral Nerve Injury Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Middlesex, UK
| | - Y Korchev
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - C Bountra
- University of Oxford Structural Genomics Consortium, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - T McCarthy
- Spinifex Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd, St. Preston, VIC, Australia
| | - P Anand
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kumar D, Anand P. A case of PDA with infective endocarditis. J Pract Cardiovasc Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.4103/jpcs.jpcs_60_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
26
|
Abou-foul A, Shah N, Ramamoorthy V, Mirza J, Anand P. OMFS adult treatment clinic: launching the service and auditing its progress. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
27
|
Holden A, Abou-Foul AK, Mirza J, Anand P. Unusual cause of midfacial asymmetry: case report. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 54:476. [PMID: 26130589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Holden
- Oral and Maxillo-facial surgery department, Oxford University hospitals, Oxford, UK, OX3 9DU
| | - A K Abou-Foul
- Oral and Maxillo-facial surgery department, Oxford University hospitals, Oxford, UK, OX3 9DU.
| | - J Mirza
- Oral and Maxillo-facial surgery department, Oxford University hospitals, Oxford, UK, OX3 9DU
| | - P Anand
- Oral and Maxillo-facial surgery department, Oxford University hospitals, Oxford, UK, OX3 9DU
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Anand P, Rao MB, Venkateswarlu C. Dynamic optimization of a copolymerization reactor using tabu search. ISA Trans 2015; 55:13-26. [PMID: 25466914 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel multistage dynamic optimization strategy based on meta-heuristic tabu search (TS) is proposed and evaluated through sequential and simultaneous implementation procedures by applying it to a semi-batch styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymerization reactor. The adaptive memory and responsive exploration features of TS are exploited to design the dynamic optimization strategy and compute the optimal control policies for temperature and monomer addition rate so as to achieve the desired product quality parameters expressed in terms of single and multiple objectives. The dynamic optimization results of TS sequential and TS simultaneous implementation strategies are analyzed and compared with those of a conventional optimization technique based on iterative dynamic programming (IDP). The simulation results demonstrate the usefulness of TS for optimal control of transient dynamic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Anand
- Chemical Engineering Sciences Division Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | | | - Ch Venkateswarlu
- Chemical Engineering Department Padmasri Dr BV Raju Institute of Technology Narsapur 502313, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Anand P, Anbumalar V. Mechanical Properties of Cellulose-filled Epoxy Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Alkali-treated Hemp Fiber. Polymer Korea 2015. [DOI: 10.7317/pk.2015.39.1.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
30
|
Kachanathu S, Tyagi P, Anand P, Hameed U, Algarni A. Effect of Core Stabilization Training on Dynamic Balance in Professional Soccer Players. Phys Rehab Kur Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1382060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Kachanathu
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - P. Tyagi
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Manav Rachna International University, Fardabad, India
| | - P. Anand
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Manav Rachna International University, Fardabad, India
| | - U. Hameed
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Algarni
- Department of Orthopedics, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sivaperumal P, Anand P, Riddhi L. Rapid determination of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables, using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2014; 168:356-65. [PMID: 25172721 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A multiresidue method, based on the sample preparation by solid-phase extraction cartridges and detection by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/TOF-MS), was used for the analysis of 60 pesticides in vegetable and fruit samples. Quantitation by UHPLC/TOF-MS is accomplished by measuring the accurate mass of the protonated molecules [M+H](+). The mass accuracy typically obtained is routinely better than 2ppm. The rates of recovery for pesticides studied were satisfactory, ranging from 74% to 111% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 13.2%, at concentrations below 10μgkg(-1). The method limit of quantification (MLOQ) for most compounds was below the MRLs established by the Food Safety Standard Authority of India and the European Union. The uncertainty was determined using repeatability, recovery and calibration curves data for each pesticide. The method illustrated is suitable for routine quantitative analyses of pesticides in food samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Sivaperumal
- Pesticide Toxicology Division, National Institute of Occupational Health, (Indian Council of Medical Research), Ahmedabad 380 016, India.
| | - P Anand
- Pesticide Toxicology Division, National Institute of Occupational Health, (Indian Council of Medical Research), Ahmedabad 380 016, India.
| | - L Riddhi
- Pesticide Toxicology Division, National Institute of Occupational Health, (Indian Council of Medical Research), Ahmedabad 380 016, India.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Granovsky Y, Anand P, Nakae A, Nascimento O, Smith B, Valls-Solé J, Yarnitsky D. P144: Contact heat evoked potentials (CHEPs) in healthy subjects – no laterality effect. Clin Neurophysiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(14)50284-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
33
|
Mustafa O, Parekh S, Ashley P, Anand P. Post-operative pain and anxiety related to dental procedures in children. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2013; 14:289-294. [PMID: 24313580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine post-operative pain in children following treatment in the dental chair and its relation to dental anxiety. METHODS A group of 125 children, aged 5 to 18 years, attending for dental treatment had their pain recorded post-operatively using the revised version of the Faces Pain Scale (FPS-R) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Baseline anxiety scores were also recorded using the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (faces) (MCDASf). RESULTS The mean MCDASf score was 20.1. Post-operative pain was reported in 62% of children at 2 hours, 51% at 4, and 47% at 6 hours. The surgical subgroup reported the most pain (79%), whereas the conservative treatment for primary teeth group reported the least pain (37%). Anxious patients (MCDASf > = 17) were more likely to report pain than less anxious patients at 2 (p=0.02) and 6 (p=0.03) hours post-operatively. CONCLUSION Dental procedures are associated with post-operative pain in children. Anxious patients are more likely to report pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Mustafa
- Consultant in Paediatric Dentistry, Dental and Maxillofacial Centre, Bahrain Defence Force
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Libri V, Gibbs JSR, Pinato DJ, Iddamalgoda T, Khengar RH, Gin-Sing W, Huson L, Anand P. Capsaicin 8% patch for treprostinil subcutaneous infusion site pain in pulmonary hypertension patients. Br J Anaesth 2013; 112:337-47. [PMID: 24062200 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aet308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treprostinil sodium improves haemodynamics and symptoms in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients, but its subcutaneous (s.c.) administration can produce severe local site pain, and lead to discontinuation of vital treatment. Treprostinil is a prostacyclin analogue which stimulates prostacyclin receptors in skin nociceptor terminals, resulting in pain and cutaneous hypersensitivity, for which current pain remedies have limited effect. Capsaicin 8% patch relieves neuropathic pain for 3 months after a single 60 min cutaneous application; we investigated whether its pre-application can reduce s.c. trepostinil-induced pain. METHODS A single-centre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of a single capsaicin 8% patch pre-application for s.c. treprostinil pain in 11 PAH patients, relative to control patch with low-dose capsaicin 0.075% cream. RESULTS The primary efficacy endpoint, mean difference between the two treatment arms in an 11-point numerical pain rating scale from baseline to 2 weeks after patch applications, was significantly lower on the capsaicin 8% patch treatment arm [P=0.01, mean difference=-1.47 units, 95% credible interval (CI): -2. 59 to -0.38] in the patients who completed the study per protocol, although intention-to-treat analysis did not show significant difference (P=0.28). Heat pain thresholds were decreased (P=0.027, mean difference=5.43°C, 95% CI: 0.71-10.21) and laser Doppler flux increased (P=0.016, mean difference=370 units, 95% CI: 612 to 127.9) at the application site immediately after capsaicin 8% patch, confirming activity. CONCLUSIONS Further investigation of the efficacy of capsaicin 8% patch in this indication is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Libri
- The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Wellcome Trust Imperial Clinical Research Facility, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Anand U, Facer P, Yiangou Y, Sinisi M, Fox M, McCarthy T, Bountra C, Korchev YE, Anand P. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2 R) localization and antagonist-mediated inhibition of capsaicin responses and neurite outgrowth in human and rat sensory neurons. Eur J Pain 2013; 17:1012-26. [PMID: 23255326 PMCID: PMC3748799 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00269.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The angiotensin II (AngII) receptor subtype 2 (AT2 R) is expressed in sensory neurons and may play a role in nociception and neuronal regeneration. METHODS We used immunostaining with characterized antibodies to study the localization of AT2 R in cultured human and rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and a range of human tissues. The effects of AngII and AT2 R antagonist EMA401 on capsaicin responses in cultured human and rat (DRG) neurons were measured with calcium imaging, on neurite length and density with Gap43 immunostaining, and on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) expression using immunofluorescence. RESULTS AT2 R expression was localized in small-/medium-sized cultured neurons of human and rat DRG. Treatment with the AT2 R antagonist EMA401 resulted in dose-related functional inhibition of capsaicin responses (IC50 = 10 nmol/L), which was reversed by 8-bromo-cAMP, and reduced neurite length and density; AngII treatment significantly enhanced capsaicin responses, cAMP levels and neurite outgrowth. The AT1 R antagonist losartan had no effect on capsaicin responses. AT2 R was localized in sensory neurons of human DRG, and nerve fibres in peripheral nerves, skin, urinary bladder and bowel. A majority sub-population (60%) of small-/medium-diameter neuronal cells were immunopositive in both control post-mortem and avulsion-injured human DRG; some very small neurons appeared to be intensely immunoreactive, with TRPV1 co-localization. While AT2 R levels were reduced in human limb peripheral nerve segments proximal to injury, they were preserved in painful neuromas. CONCLUSIONS AT2 R antagonists could be particularly useful in the treatment of chronic pain and hypersensitivity associated with abnormal nerve sprouting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Anand
- Peripheral Neuropathy Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Vemula P, Levy O, Valic M, Sanchez OM, Anand P, Aliprantis AO, Karp JM. AB0103 On-demand drug delivery from self-assembled hydrogels: a new approach for treatment of inflammatory arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.2426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
37
|
Anand P, Venkateswarlu C, Bhagvanth Rao M. Multistage dynamic optimization of a copolymerization reactor using differential evolution. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.1710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Anand
- Chemical Engineering Sciences Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Hyderabad; 500 007; India
| | - Ch. Venkateswarlu
- Chemical Engineering Department; Padmasri Dr BV Raju Institute of Technology; Narsapur; 502313; India
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ostenfeld T, Krishen A, Lai RY, Bullman J, Baines AJ, Green J, Anand P, Kelly M. Analgesic efficacy and safety of the novel p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, losmapimod, in patients with neuropathic pain following peripheral nerve injury: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Pain 2012; 17:844-57. [PMID: 23239139 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00256.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase are undergoing evaluation as a novel class of anti-rheumatic drugs, by virtue of their ability to suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Emerging data suggests that they may also attenuate peripheral or central sensitization in neuropathic pain. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study was undertaken to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of losmapimod (GW856553), a novel p38α/β inhibitor, in subjects with neuropathic pain following traumatic peripheral nerve injury. METHODS One hundred and sixty-eight subjects with pain of at least moderate intensity (average daily score ≥4 on an 11-point pain intensity numeric rating scale; PI-NRS) at baseline were randomized to receive oral losmapimod, 7.5 mg BID or placebo for 28 days. Efficacy and safety assessments were undertaken at weekly clinic visits. RESULTS The mean treatment difference for the change in average daily pain score from baseline to week 4 of treatment based on the PI-NRS was -0.22 (95% CI -0.73, 0.28) in favour of losmapimod over placebo (p = 0.39). There were no statistically significant or clinically meaningful differences between the treatment groups over the 4-week dosing period for either the primary or secondary efficacy variables. There were no unexpected safety or tolerability findings following dosing with losmapimod. CONCLUSIONS Losmapimod could not be differentiated from placebo in terms of a primary analgesia response in patients with pain following peripheral nerve injury. The lack of response could reflect inadequate exposure at central sites of action or differences between rodent and human with respect to the target or neuropathic pain mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Ostenfeld
- Neurosciences Discovery Medicine Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Harlow, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Senthil kumar S, Suresh Babu SS, Anand P, Dheva shantha Kumari G. SU-E-J-72: Design and Study of In-House Web-Camera Based Automatic Continuous Patient Movement Monitoring and Controlling Device for EXRT. Med Phys 2012; 39:3669. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4734907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
40
|
Birch R, Misra P, Stewart MPM, Eardley WGP, Ramasamy A, Brown K, Shenoy R, Anand P, Clasper J, Dunn R, Etherington J. Nerve injuries sustained during warfare: part II: Outcomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 94:529-35. [PMID: 22434471 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.94b4.28488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The outcomes of 261 nerve injuries in 100 patients were graded good in 173 cases (66%), fair in 70 (26.8%) and poor in 18 (6.9%) at the final review (median 28.4 months (1.3 to 64.2)). The initial grades for the 42 sutures and graft were 11 good, 14 fair and 17 poor. After subsequent revision repairs in seven, neurolyses in 11 and free vascularised fasciocutaneous flaps in 11, the final grades were 15 good, 18 fair and nine poor. Pain was relieved in 30 of 36 patients by nerve repair, revision of repair or neurolysis, and flaps when indicated. The difference in outcome between penetrating missile wounds and those caused by explosions was not statistically significant; in the latter group the onset of recovery from focal conduction block was delayed (mean 4.7 months (2.5 to 10.2) vs 3.8 months (0.6 to 6); p = 0.0001). A total of 42 patients (47 lower limbs) presented with an insensate foot. By final review (mean 27.4 months (20 to 36)) plantar sensation was good in 26 limbs (55%), fair in 16 (34%) and poor in five (11%). Nine patients returned to full military duties, 18 to restricted duties, 30 to sedentary work, and 43 were discharged from military service. Effective rehabilitation must be early, integrated and vigorous. The responsible surgeons must be firmly embedded in the process, at times exerting leadership.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Birch
- War Nerve Injury Clinic, Headley Court, Epsom, Surrey KT18 6JW, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Birch R, Misra P, Stewart MPM, Eardley WGP, Ramasamy A, Brown K, Shenoy R, Anand P, Clasper J, Dunn R, Etherington J. Nerve injuries sustained during warfare: part I--Epidemiology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 94:523-8. [PMID: 22434470 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.94b4.28483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We describe 261 peripheral nerve injuries sustained in war by 100 consecutive service men and women injured in Iraq and Afghanistan. Their mean age was 26.5 years (18.1 to 42.6), the median interval between injury and first review was 4.2 months (mean 8.4 months (0.36 to 48.49)) and median follow-up was 28.4 months (mean 20.5 months (1.3 to 64.2)). The nerve lesions were predominantly focal prolonged conduction block/neurapraxia in 116 (45%), axonotmesis in 92 (35%) and neurotmesis in 53 (20%) and were evenly distributed between the upper and the lower limbs. Explosions accounted for 164 (63%): 213 (82%) nerve injuries were associated with open wounds. Two or more main nerves were injured in 70 patients. The ulnar, common peroneal and tibial nerves were most commonly injured. In 69 patients there was a vascular injury, fracture, or both at the level of the nerve lesion. Major tissue loss was present in 50 patients: amputation of at least one limb was needed in 18. A total of 36 patients continued in severe neuropathic pain. This paper outlines the methods used in the assessment of these injuries and provides information about the depth and distribution of the nerve lesions, their associated injuries and neuropathic pain syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Birch
- War Nerve Injury Clinic, Headley Court, Epsom, Surrey KT18 6JW, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Florence J, Connolly A, Miller JP, Malkus E, Schierbecker J, Siener C, Wulf C, Anand P, McDonald C, Goude E, Johnson L, Nicorici A, Day J, Karachunski P, Dalton J, Kelecic J, Paulson K, Naughton C, Lowes L, Alfano L, Viollet-Callendret L, Flanigan K, Mendell J, Darras B, Quigley J, Pasternak A, Shriber E, Parad R, MDA DMD Clinical Research Network. Outcomes Measure Reliability in Non Ambulatory Boys and Men with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD): Results from the Muscular Dystrophy Association DMD Clinical Research Network (P04.085). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
43
|
Connolly A, Florence J, Cradock M, Malkus E, Schierbecker J, Siener C, Wulf C, Anand P, Lowes L, Alfano L, Viollet-Callendret L, Flanigan K, Mendell J, McDonald C, Goude E, Johnson L, Nicorici A, Karachunski P, Day J, Dalton J, Farber J, Buser K, Darras B, Riley S, Schriber E, Parad R, Bushby K, Eagle M, MDA DMD Clinical Research Network. Motor and Cognitive Assessment of Infants and Young Boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy; Results from the Muscular Dystrophy Association DMD Clinical Research Center Network (P04.084). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
44
|
Keh SM, Facer P, Yehia A, Sandhu G, Saleh HA, Anand P. The menthol and cold sensation receptor TRPM8 in normal human nasal mucosa and rhinitis. Rhinology 2012; 49:453-7. [PMID: 21991571 DOI: 10.4193/rhino11.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menthol and cold sensation trigger symptoms and reflex responses in the upper airway, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. We have therefore studied nerve fibres expressing the menthol and cold receptor TRPM8 in normal human mucosa, and in rhinitis. TRPM8 nerve fibres were compared with those expressing other TRP receptors including TRPV1 (capsaicin and heat receptor), and TRPA1 (mechano-cold receptor). METHODS Immunohistology and image-analysis were used to study TRP receptors in biopsies of nasal turbinate from control subjects, patients with allergic rhinitis, and non-allergic rhinitis. RESULTS TRPM8-immunoreactive nerve fibres were observed in the sub-epithelium, and were profuse around blood vessels in deeper regions, where they were markedly greater in number than TRPV1+ fibers. Image analysis of TRPM8 in sub-epithelial and vascular regions showed no significant differences between control and the rhinitis patient groups. TRPA1-immunoreactivity was weak and seen rarely in nerve fibres. CONCLUSION We show that TRPM8 nerve fibres are abundant in nasal mucosa particularly around blood vessels, and may mediate neurovascular reflexes. TRPM8 antagonists deserve consideration for therapeutic trial in rhinitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Keh
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Keh SM, Facer P, Yehia A, Sandhu G, Saleh HA, Anand P. The menthol and cold sensation receptor TRPM8 in normal human nasal mucosa and rhinitis. Rhinology 2011. [DOI: 10.4193/rhin11.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
46
|
Abstract
Topical capsaicin formulations are used for pain management. Safety and modest efficacy of low-concentration capsaicin formulations, which require repeated daily self-administration, are supported by meta-analyses of numerous studies. A high-concentration capsaicin 8% patch (Qutenza™) was recently approved in the EU and USA. A single 60-min application in patients with neuropathic pain produced effective pain relief for up to 12 weeks. Advantages of the high-concentration capsaicin patch include longer duration of effect, patient compliance, and low risk for systemic effects or drug-drug interactions. The mechanism of action of topical capsaicin has been ascribed to depletion of substance P. However, experimental and clinical studies show that depletion of substance P from nociceptors is only a correlate of capsaicin treatment and has little, if any, causative role in pain relief. Rather, topical capsaicin acts in the skin to attenuate cutaneous hypersensitivity and reduce pain by a process best described as 'defunctionalization' of nociceptor fibres. Defunctionalization is due to a number of effects that include temporary loss of membrane potential, inability to transport neurotrophic factors leading to altered phenotype, and reversible retraction of epidermal and dermal nerve fibre terminals. Peripheral neuropathic hypersensitivity is mediated by diverse mechanisms, including altered expression of the capsaicin receptor TRPV1 or other key ion channels in affected or intact adjacent peripheral nociceptive nerve fibres, aberrant re-innervation, and collateral sprouting, all of which are defunctionalized by topical capsaicin. Evidence suggests that the utility of topical capsaicin may extend beyond painful peripheral neuropathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Anand
- Peripheral Neuropathy Unit, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Area A, Ground Floor, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sood S, Joad SH, Yaduvanshi D, Anand P. Device associated nosocomial infections in a medical intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital in Jaipur, India. BMC Proc 2011. [PMCID: PMC3239426 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s6-o16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
48
|
Marchese M, Sinisi M, Anand P, Di Mascio L, Humphrey J. Neuropathic pain following hip resurfacing due to a transneural suture. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2011; 93:555-7. [PMID: 21464500 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.93b4.26052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A 60-year-old man developed severe neuropathic pain and foot-drop in his left leg following resurfacing arthroplasty of the left hip. The pain was refractory to all analgesics for 16 months. At exploration, a PDS suture was found passing through the sciatic nerve at several points over 6 cm and terminating in a large knot. After release of the suture and neurolysis there was dramatic and rapid improvement of the neuropathic pain and of motor function. This case represents the human equivalent of previously described nerve ligation in an animal model of neuropathic pain. It emphasises that when neuropathic pain is present after an operation, the nerve related to the symptoms must be inspected, and that removal of a suture or irritant may lead to relief of pain, even after many months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Marchese
- Peripheral Nerve Injury Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Anand P, Mathangi DC, Mathew J, Namasivayam A, Suresh BR. Behavioral analysis after sciatic nerve compression in albino rats. Ann Neurosci 2011; 18:37-43. [PMID: 25205919 PMCID: PMC4117028 DOI: 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.1118203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walking track analysis which has been widely used to examine the recovery of gait functions in rats with sciatic nerve injury. PURPOSE The present study was aimed to objectively analyze and quantify the degree of functional recovery in locomotor behavior of rats after inflicting sciatic nerve crush injury. METHODS Wistar rats trained on various runways, viz., narrow beam, grid and staircase, were subsequently tested following sciatic nerve crush injury. RESULTS Locomotor ability of injured rats on runways gradually recovered to the level that was not significantly different from their corresponding preoperative level by the sixth postoperative week. CONCLUSION Conventional run ways can be objectively used for quantification of the level of recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. Anand
- Department of Physiology, Rajah Muthiah Medical and Dental College, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, INDIA
| | - D. C. Mathangi
- Department of Physiology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu – 603 103, INDIA
| | - Jeraud Mathew
- Department of Physiology, Rajah Muthiah Medical and Dental College, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, INDIA
| | - A. Namasivayam
- Department of Physiology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai – 600 113, INDIA
| | - Babu R. Suresh
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical Center, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
George R, Yacoub M, Facer P, Khaghani A, Anand P, Birks E. 638 Correlation of Pre-Implant Norepinephrine Transporter Levels with Myocardial Recovery during Left Ventricular Assist Device Support. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2011.01.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|