1
|
The Closure of Grade 1 Coronary Perforation by the Snowplow Phenomenon. Cureus 2024; 16:e54818. [PMID: 38529467 PMCID: PMC10962301 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
We report an extremely rare case of spontaneous closure of grade 1 coronary perforation by the snowplow phenomenon during the revascularization of a subtotal occlusion in the left anterior descending coronary artery. Coronary artery perforation is usually a nightmare during coronary intervention in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. While large coronary perforation requires the deployment of a covered stent, small perforations require heparin reversal, prolonged balloon inflation, deployment of small coils, or gel foam closure. The coronary segment with a small perforation was stented with a drug-eluting stent (DES), which might have resulted in the shifting of the fatty plaque toward the perforation and subsequently sealing the coronary perforation.
Collapse
|
2
|
The Rescuing Role of Aggressive Thrombosuction in Elective Coronary Angioplasty. Cureus 2023; 15:e47414. [PMID: 38021732 PMCID: PMC10658211 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombosuction plays a controversial role during primary percutaneous intervention (PCI). Landmark trials have demonstrated no additional role of thrombosuction during primary percutaneous intervention towards improving mortality and outcome during primary percutaneous intervention. We describe a rare elective coronary angioplasty where only aggressive thrombosuction (almost 150-200 mL) of blood from the coronary artery established the antegrade coronary flow and saved an octogenarian from impending sudden cardiac death (SCD). The present case describes the promising role of aggressive thrombosuction even during elective coronary intervention when a large dissection ends in acute total thrombotic occlusion of a coronary artery jeopardizing the antegrade coronary perfusion.
Collapse
|
3
|
A Retrospective Study on Drug and Dietary Patterns in Patients With Severe Rheumatic Valvular Heart Disease in Eastern India. Cureus 2023; 15:e37358. [PMID: 37181974 PMCID: PMC10171875 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background India has a high prevalence of rheumatic valvular heart diseases. Empirical treatment in rheumatic heart disease curtails morbidity and mortality. Less is known about the drug and dietary management of severe rheumatic heart disease at the pretertiary care level, which forms the building stone in the management of rheumatic heart disease. The present study was carried out to evaluate the drug and dietary patterns of patients with severe rheumatic valvular heart disease at a pretertiary care level, which is the backbone of the management of rheumatic heart disease. Methodology This cross-sectional study was carried out in a tertiary care center in Eastern India between May 2020 and May 2022 across 1,264 study subjects. The drug and dietary patterns of the patients with severe rheumatic valvular heart disease during their index visit to the cardiac department were studied and analyzed. Patients aged less than 18 years; patients with mild or moderate rheumatic valvular heart diseases; patients with coexisting end-stage organ disease (chronic liver disease and chronic kidney disease), malignancy, and sepsis; and patients not willing to participate in the study were excluded. Results Most of the patients were on diuretic therapy, and diuretic therapy was overprescribed across the patients with mitral regurgitation, aortic stenosis, and aortic regurgitation. Most of the patients across each spectrum of rheumatic valvular heart disease were lacking the cornerstone therapy such as beta-blockers in mitral stenosis and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in mitral and aortic regurgitation. The recommended injectable benzathine penicillin prophylaxis was prescribed in a very small number of patients (5%), and most of the patients were on oral penicillin prophylaxis (95%) in spite of its reported high failure rate in prophylaxis. Empirical rationale prescriptions in severe rheumatic valvular heart disease were lacking in the pretertiary care level in Eastern India. Conclusion Each spectrum of severe valvular heart disease was lacking the cornerstone therapy such as beta-blockers in mitral stenosis and ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in mitral and aortic regurgitation along with recommended injectable benzathine penicillin prophylaxis. Diuretics and digoxin were overprescribed across the spectrum of rheumatic heart disease. Improvement of this essential gap in the treatment of severe rheumatic heart disease would bring down morbidity and improve mortality in the future.
Collapse
|
4
|
Pacemaker Pocket Infection After Splenectomy. Cureus 2023; 15:e35920. [PMID: 36911584 PMCID: PMC10001422 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A post-splenectomy patient suffers from frequent infections due to capsulated bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis despite vaccination because of a lack of memory B lymphocytes. Pacemaker implantation after splenectomy is less common. Our patient underwent splenectomy for splenic rupture after a road traffic accident. He developed a complete heart block after seven years, during which a dual-chamber pacemaker was implanted. However, he was operated on seven times to treat the complication related to that pacemaker over a period of one year because of various reasons, which have been shared in this case report. The clinical translation of this interesting observation is that, though the pacemaker implantation procedure is a well-established procedure, the procedural outcome is influenced by patient factors like the absence of a spleen, procedural factors like septic measures, and device factors like the reuse of an already-used pacemaker or leads.
Collapse
|
5
|
Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation in Young Adults in Eastern India: A Clinico-Aetiological Retrospective Analysis in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Cureus 2023; 15:e36918. [PMID: 37128533 PMCID: PMC10148691 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of atrial fibrillation adds a lot to the morbidity and mortality of individual patients. The spectrum of non-valvular atrial fibrillation among young adults is less known. The present observational study aims to analyze the clinical-aetiological spectrum of non-valvular atrial fibrillation among young adults between 18 and 40 years of age. METHODS A retrospective observational study was carried out to analyze the clinical-aetiological spectrum of non-valvular atrial fibrillation among young adults less than 40 years of age attending the cardiac outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India over a period of two years. Patients with any form of organic valvular heart disease and patients more than 40 years of age were excluded from the study. One hundred and seventeen patients under 40 years of age were analysed with respect to demographic, aetiological, and clinical profiles. RESULTS Most common aetiologies behind non-valvular atrial fibrillation in young adults (<40 years) were hypertension (40%) and the presence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (31%). Thyrotoxicosis, obesity, obstructive sleep apnoea, the presence of congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease, myopericarditis, chronic kidney disease, dyselectronemia, diabetes mellitus, and the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease contributed towards the development of non-valvular atrial fibrillation in the young population in less proportion of cases. Most of the cases were symptomatic with palpitation, shortness of breath, or diaphoresis. Less number of cases (17%) had left atrial thrombus which may be due to early clinical attention with the proper therapeutic anticoagulation regimen. CONCLUSIONS Hypertension and the presence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction contribute to the majority towards the development of non-valvular atrial fibrillation among young adults. Accurate measurement and monitoring of blood pressure among young adults and careful assessment of left ventricular systolic dysfunction with subsequent appropriate management of hypertension and left ventricular systolic dysfunction in young can decrease the burden of non-valvular atrial fibrillation among the young population.
Collapse
|
6
|
Transcatheter Closure of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus Using a Piccolo Duct Occluder. Cureus 2022; 14:e28226. [PMID: 36017479 PMCID: PMC9392987 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is feasible in low-birth-weight infants. A female baby was born prematurely with a birth weight of 924 g. She had a PDA measuring 3.7 mm. She was dependent on positive pressure ventilation for congestive heart failure in addition to the heart failure medications. She could not be discharged from the hospital even after 79 days of birth, and even though her weight reached 1.9 kg in the neonatal intensive care unit. We attempted to plug the PDA using an Amplatzer Piccolo Occluder, but the device failed to anchor. Then, the PDA was plugged using a 4-6 Amplatzer Duct Occluder using a 6-Fr sheath which was challenging.
Collapse
|
7
|
Enabling methanol oxidation by interacting hybrid nano system of spinel Co3O4 nanoparticles decorated MXene. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:4324-4337. [DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03671h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For the successful implementation of direct methanol fuel cells in the commercial applications, highly efficient and durable non-noble electrocatalyst based on conducting and stable non-carbonaceous support can be a potential...
Collapse
|
8
|
Modelling and optimization of factors influencing adsorptive performance of agrowaste-derived Nanocellulose Iron Oxide Nanobiocomposites during remediation of Arsenic contaminated groundwater. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:53-65. [PMID: 32679332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Nanocellulose Iron Oxide Nanobiocomposites (NIONs) were synthesized from rice husk and sugarcane bagasse derived nanocelluloses for adsorptive removal of arsenic and associated contaminants present in groundwater samples. These NIONSs were superparamagnetic, hence magnetically recoverable and demonstrated promising recyclability. Synthesis of NIONs was confirmed by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS). FTIR and XPS data together with adsorption kinetics provide insights into probable adsorption mechanism of Arsenic by NIONs. The experimental conditions for 10 different variants were modelled using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD), considering the parameters; adsorbate dosage, adsorbent dosage, pH and contact time. The results identified the best performing variants and the optimal conditions for maximal absorption (~99%). These results were validated using a three-layer feed-forward Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) based Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. Both RSM and ANN chemometric models were in close conformity for optimized conditions of highest adsorption by specific variants. The standardized conditions were used to expand the study to field-based arsenic contaminated groundwater samples and their performance to commercial adsorbents. NIONs show promising commercial potential for water remediation applications due to their high adsorptive performance, magnetic recoverability and recyclability.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome in a case of duodenal neuroendocrine tumor presenting with liver metastasis. J Postgrad Med 2017; 64:47-49. [PMID: 28862247 PMCID: PMC5820814 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_772_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) syndrome is an uncommon disorder and comprises about 15% of all patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS). Duodenal carcinoids are rare, indolent tumors usually associated with a benign progression. We hereby report a rare case of CS resulting from ectopic ACTH secretion from a duodenal neuroendocrine tumor (NET) presenting with liver metastasis. A 37-year-old female presented with abdominal discomfort and dyspepsia of 1-month duration. Ultrasound abdomen suggested a well-defined hypoechoic lesion in the left lobe of the liver, suggestive of neoplasia. On clinical examination, she had Cushingoid features and persistent hypokalemia. Midnight ACTH and cortisol levels were grossly elevated at 1027 pg/ml (n < 46 pg/ml) and 87.56 μg/dl (n < 7.5 μg/ml), respectively. Both overnight and high-dose dexamethasone suppression test confirmed nonsuppressed cortisol levels - 86.04 and 84.42 μg/dl (n < 1.8 μg/ml), respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging brain showed a structurally normal pituitary gland. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed hepatic lesion with bilateral adrenal enlargement. A diagnosis of ectopic ACTH-dependent CS was made. Intraoperatively, a duodenal lesion of 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm was identified alongside an 8 cm × 6 cm exophytic lesion in segment IV of the liver. Frozen section of the duodenal lesion was positive for NET. She underwent a Whipple's surgery, cholecystectomy, and left hepatic lobectomy. Postoperatively, she showed clinical and biochemical remission. Herewith, we report the third case of duodenal carcinoid tumor presenting as ectopic ACTH syndrome and the first with liver metastasis.
Collapse
|
10
|
Direct one-pot synthesis of glutathione capped hydrophilic FePt-CdS nanoprobe for efficient bimodal imaging application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 72:415-424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
11
|
Rare case of radiologically distinct but pathologically admixed vestibular schwannoma and meningioma in the cerebellopontine angle: A case report. J Cancer Res Ther 2016; 11:1029. [PMID: 26881608 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.154027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Primary intracranial tumors generally occur as solitary tumors. The association of two primary intracranial tumors of different histogenesis in the same individual is rare, except in cases of phakomatoses or radiation-induced tumors. Meningiomas and vestibular schwannomas (VSs) are one of the commonest tumors occurring intracranially. VS account for 80% of cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors, with meningiomas being the second most common tumor of the CPA. The occurrence of both a schwannoma and a meningioma in the CPA is rare. We report a case with coexistent CPA meningioma and VS, which were distinct radiologically on preoperative imaging, however had admixed areas of VS and meningioma on histopathological evaluation.
Collapse
|
12
|
SU-F-T-263: Dosimetric Characteristics of the Cine Acquisition Mode of An A-Si EPID. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
13
|
History of Cardiology in India published in the Indian Heart Journal recently 67:163-169, 2015 -- authors reply. Indian Heart J 2015; 67:619-620. [PMID: 27078891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
|
14
|
High quality fluorescent cellulose nanofibers from endemic rice husk: Isolation and characterization. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 122:308-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
15
|
Hybrid nanostructured C-dot decorated Fe3O4electrode materials for superior electrochemical energy storage performance. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:9221-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00296f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Here, the novel Fe3O4-C hybrid nanocomposite demonstrates high specific capacitance (S.C.) than the pristine Fe3O4nanospheres due to the presence of the highly conducting carbon quantum dots.
Collapse
|
16
|
Fe2O3/C nanocomposites having distinctive antioxidant activity and hemolysis prevention efficiency. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 42:595-600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
17
|
Comparative effectiveness of treatments for recurrent ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
18
|
Physico-chemical properties and water holding capacity of cultivated soils along altitudinal gradient in South Sikkim, India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.5958/j.0976-058x.48.2.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
19
|
Effect of thermomechanical treatment on structure and mechanical properties of plain low-carbon dual-phase steel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/030716983803291686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
20
|
|
21
|
Review on Production of 89Zr in a Medical Cyclotron for PET Radiopharmaceuticals. J Nucl Med Technol 2013; 41:35-41. [DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.112.111377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
22
|
Abstract
A 16 year-old female presented for her cosmetic deformity with a slowly progressing swelling of insidious onset on the upper part of the bridge of the nose slightly towards the left side for 3 year duration. Clinical & radiological examination revealed an intra-osseous tumor of nasal bone. Histopathologically the tumor was a cavernous haemangioma of nasal bone. A follow up study upto 13-year showed no recurrence. A detailed search of world literature is carried out with clinical history & history of trauma. It could that nasal bone haemangioma is separate disease entity. The patients usually seek advise for their cosmetic deformity & sometime for nasal bleeding.
Collapse
|
23
|
443 The Impact of Observation Services for Medicare Beneficiaries With Chest Pain. Ann Emerg Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.06.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
24
|
Note: compact helical pulse forming line for the generation of longer duration rectangular pulse. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:066103. [PMID: 22755669 DOI: 10.1063/1.4728206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The helical pulsed forming line (PFL) can generate longer duration rectangular pulse in a smaller length. A compact PFL using helical water line is designed and experimentally investigated. The impedance of the helical PFL is 22 [ohm sign]. The compactness is achieved in terms of reduction in length of the PFL by a factor of 5.5 using helical water PFL as compared to coaxial water PFL of same length. The helical PFL was pulsed charged to 200 kV using a high voltage pulse transformer in 4.5 μs and discharged into the matched 22 Ω resistive load through a self-breakdown pressurized spark gap switch. The rectangular voltage pulse of 100 kV, 260 ns (FWHM) is measured across the load. The effect of reduction in water temperature on the pulse width is also studied experimentally. The increase in pulse width up to 7% more is observed by reducing the temperature of the deionized water to 5 °C. It will further reduce the length of the PFL and make the system small for compact pulsed power drivers.
Collapse
|
25
|
Authors reply on "Ultrasound guided percutaneous nephrostomy". Indian J Nephrol 2012; 22:67. [PMID: 22279352 PMCID: PMC3263073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
|
26
|
Authors reply on "Percutaneous nephrostomy under ultrasound guidance". Indian J Nephrol 2012; 22:231. [PMID: 23087567 PMCID: PMC3459536 DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.98788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
27
|
Compact pulse forming line using barium titanate ceramic material. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:115102. [PMID: 22129008 DOI: 10.1063/1.3658823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ceramic material has very high relative permittivity, so compact pulse forming line can be made using these materials. Barium titanate (BaTiO(3)) has a relative permittivity of 1200 so it is used for making compact pulse forming line (PFL). Barium titanate also has piezoelectric effects so it cracks during high voltages discharges due to stresses developed in it. Barium titanate is mixed with rubber which absorbs the piezoelectric stresses when the PFL is charged and regain its original shape after the discharge. A composite mixture of barium titanate with the neoprene rubber is prepared. The relative permittivity of the composite mixture is measured to be 85. A coaxial pulse forming line of inner diameter 120 mm, outer diameter 240 mm, and length 350 mm is made and the composite mixture of barium titanate and neoprene rubber is filled between the inner and outer cylinders. The PFL is charged up to 120 kV and discharged into 5 Ω load. The voltage pulse of 70 kV, 21 ns is measured across the load. The conventional PFL is made up of oil or plastics dielectrics with the relative permittivity of 2-10 [D. R. Linde, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 90th ed. (CRC, 2009); Xia et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 086113 (2008); Yang et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 43303 (2010)], which increases the length of PFL. We have reported the compactness in length achieved due to increase in relative permittivity of composite mixture by adding barium titanate in neoprene rubber.
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
A total of 2793 requisition forms received by the blood banks of a Service zonal hospital, between June 1995 and December 1999, were analysed. 1697 (60.71%) forms were demand for single unit blood. Blood was collected against only 1099 forms (39.34%) out of which 713 (64.88%) were single unit issue. Urgency of requirement and blood group of patients was omitted in 56% cases. 104 forms were received without mention of the indications for transfusion. History of previous transfusion and pregnancy/HDN were omitted in 25.1% and 37.38% cases respectively. At an average 14.61% of the total collection was discarded. Of the 292 units discarded, 242 units were due to non utilisation. A transfusion committee should be established in all hospitals with a licensed blood bank. It should constitute definite objectives and conduct regular audits (prospective audit, concurrent review or retrospective review), in order to achieve utmost efficiency and numerous benefits, in terms of workload, cost, errors, risks of transfusion and ultimately increased customer satisfaction. It should strive to abolish single unit and inappropriate transfusion, and advocate autologous transfusion.
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Percutaneous nephrostomy is the procedure of establishing a temporary drainage tract of the renal pelvi-calyceal system through the skin. This study aims to find out whether low cost trocar catheter can be a suitable substitute for the relatively high cost fluoroscopy/ultrasonography guided tract dilatation and tube insertion procedure. Percutaneous nephrostomy by the trocar catheter was performed in 126 patients. Under local anesthesia, a stab wound deep enough to traverse the muscle layer was made through which the trocar - catheter drainage set was inserted under ultrasonography guidance. About 179 procedures were performed in 126 patients. Primary technical success rate was 94%, major complication rate 1.6%, minor complication rate 11% and catheter related complications like catheter blockage or dislodgement were 13%. There was no procedure related mortality in our series. The ultrasonography-guided trocar, catheter nephrostomy, is a quick, safe and low cost procedure in selected cases of upper urinary tract obstruction. The primary technical success and complication rates are comparable to any other reported procedure and its low cost is particularly suitable for developing countries like India.
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Abstract
Plasma foci of compact sizes and operating with low energies (from tens of joules to few hundred joules) have found application in recent years and have attracted plasma-physics scientists and engineers for research in this direction. We are presenting a low energy and miniature plasma focus which operates from a capacitor bank of 8.4 muF capacity, charged at 4.2-4.3 kV and delivering approximately 52 kA peak current at approximately 60 nH calculated circuit inductance. The total circuit inductance includes the plasma focus inductance. The reported plasma focus operates at the lowest voltage among all reported plasma foci so far. Moreover the cost of capacitor bank used for plasma focus is nearly 20 U.S. dollars making it very cheap. At low voltage operation of plasma focus, the initial breakdown mechanism becomes important for operation of plasma focus. The quartz glass tube is used as insulator and breakdown initiation is done on its surface. The total energy of the plasma focus is approximately 75 J. The plasma focus system is made compact and the switching of capacitor bank energy is done by manual operating switch. The focus is operated with hydrogen and deuterium filled at 1-2 mbar.
Collapse
|
32
|
A Case of Dysphonia. Med J Armed Forces India 2010; 66:78-9. [PMID: 27365713 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(10)80105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
33
|
P96 Emergency cervical cerclage in the presence of protruding membranes - Predictors of success or failure. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(09)61587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
34
|
Fatty Acid Binding Domain Mediated Conjugation of Ultrafine Magnetic Nanoparticles with Albumin Protein. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2008; 4:138-143. [PMID: 20596435 PMCID: PMC2893867 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-008-9213-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel bioconjugate of stearic acid capped maghemite nanoparticle (gamma-Fe(2)O(3)) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was developed by taking recourse to the fatty acid binding property of the protein. From FT-IR study, it was found that conjugation took place covalently between the amine group of protein molecule and carboxyl group of stearic acid capped maghemite nanoparticle. TEM study further signified the morphology of the proposed nanobioconjuagte. The binding constant of nanoparticle with protein molecule was evaluated from the optical property studies. Also, magnetic measurement (M-H) showed retaining of magnetic property by significant values of saturation magnetization and other hysteretic parameters.
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
While the function of each organ is used by each transplant team to assess suitability for transplantation, little is known about the donor characteristics and clinical interventions that contribute toward overall organ transplantation potential. We conduct a retrospective review of United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) deceased donor registry data from January 2005 to December 2006. This registry contains all deceased donors from whom organs were recovered during this time period (n = 15,601). Ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression models using variables in the registry are estimated to predict the number of organs transplanted. Outcome is the number of organs transplanted per donor. Organ yield is found to depend significantly on donor age, anoxia as cause of death, history of myocardial infarction (MI), hypertension and/or diabetes, body mass index (BMI), B or AB blood type, cocaine and/or cigarette use and hepatitis infection (p < 0.01). In addition, the clinical interventions of steroid administration, desmopressin (DDAVP) and diuretic usage, as well as oxygenation, are associated with organ yield. Both intrinsic donor characteristics and medical management practice are observed to be highly variable across organ procurement organizations (OPOs). These findings may provide important information to explore and assess the efficacy of clinical interventions, compare OPO performance and point to best practices.
Collapse
|
36
|
Synchronous primary triple neoplasia (renal cell carcinoma and prostate cancer in combination with thyroid neoplasm). Report of an unusual case. MINERVA UROL NEFROL 2007; 59:451-454. [PMID: 17947962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report a very rare case of triple primary neoplasia synchronously originating in the prostate, kidney and thyroid, in a 79-year-old male who presented with hematuria and continuous pain at the right hip. Examination revealed an enlarged nodular thyroid, while digital rectal examination showed prostatic enlargement with elevated PSA (16.7 ng/mL). Plain radiography showed an osteolytic lesion in the right ischium. Ultrasonography and CT scan of left kidney suggested renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which was subsequently confirmed on histopathology of the left radical nephrectomy specimen. Biopsies from prostate showed adenocarcinoma, along with deposits in ischial biopsy. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of neck swellings suggested deposits from thyroid follicular carcinoma, which was subsequently confirmed by histopathology of the near-total thyroidectomy specimen. Currently, the patient is on regular follow-up since the past 24 months.
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Despite the high incidence of prostatic adenocarcinoma and its ability for wide dissemination, metastatic involvement of testis is rather uncommon. We report two cases (aged 76 and 55 years, respectively), where unilateral testicular metastasis was incidentally discovered after bilateral orchiectomy following detection of adenocarcinoma prostate in six-quadrant trucut specimen. Both patients had obstructive voiding symptoms, hard nodular prostate on direct rectal examination and raised serum prostate-specific antigen levels, without associated systemic or testicular symptoms. Extensive evaluation excluded any other possible primary, although axial skeletal metastasis was detected on radionucleotide bone scans, in the first case. These cases highlight the need for proper evaluation of testes and para-testicular structures, for accurate staging of these tumors and to exclude any possible metastasis.
Collapse
|
38
|
Expression of CD34 as a novel marker for glioneuronal lesions associated with chronic intractable epilepsy. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2006; 32:461-8. [PMID: 16972880 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2006.00734.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The spectrum of glioneuronal lesions underlying intractable epilepsies includes malformative pathologies like focal cortical dysplasia (FCD); and neoplastic lesions like gangliogliomas (GG) and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours (DNT). These may occur either singly or as dual lesions, having simultaneous presence of both elements. Currently, the relationship between the malformative and neoplastic glioneuronal lesions is poorly understood. Recently, CD34, a stem cell marker transiently expressed during early neurulation, has been identified in these tumours. This study was undertaken to (i) evaluate the role of CD34 as a diagnostic marker for glioneuronal lesions of epilepsy, namely, GG, DNT and FCD, and (ii) attempt to define the relationship among these lesions, using CD34 as a marker. Tissues resected from 47 patients with intractable epilepsy due to glioneuronal lesions (GG, FCD, DNT) were studied. These were evaluated for CD34 expression, using immunohistochemistry. Dysplastic or atypically differentiated neural precursors which could not be identified on routine haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were highlighted by CD34 immunostaining. The pattern of immunostaining was diffuse in GGs, unlike FCDs, wherein cells were present singly or in small clusters. However, cases of DNT and control tissue were largely CD34-immunonegative. Based on these findings, we propose a possible common origin of GG and FCD, from a bipotent precursor that undergoes abnormal glioneuronal development, while DNTs possibly have a different origin. The CD34-immunoreactive cells represent dysplastic or undifferentiated neural precursors, which may signify a valuable marker for the diagnostic evaluation of neoplastic and/or malformative pathologies in patients with intractable epilepsy.
Collapse
|
39
|
Compressive myelopathy due to nocardiosis from dermal lesion. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2003; 51:318-21. [PMID: 12839365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Nocardiosis refers to locally invasive or disseminated infection associated with Nocardia species. Most infections enter through respiratory tract and then disseminate systemically. Rarely primary nocardial infection of the skin of the back may spread to contiguous structures including vertebrae. A 30 years male presented with indolent skin lesion in the upper dorsal region of the back for one year following an accident and subsequently developed features of spinal cord compression and parenchymal involvement of lung. The rarity of such type of spread in an immuno-competent individual has been highlighted.
Collapse
|
40
|
Autologous transfusion--a viable alternative. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2002; 50:674-8. [PMID: 12186122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transfusion of blood carries an inherent threat of immunological complications and an ever-increasing risk of transfusion transmitted diseases. A safer alternative to these potential dangers is autologous transfusion. This relatively simple and innocuous procedure strives to achieve the goal of 'Safe Blood', and can be practised easily in the peripheral hospitals. MATERIAL AND METHODS A study was conducted to evaluate this facet of transfusion medicine, in a Services Zonal Hospital, for the period January, 1998 to July, 2000. RESULTS A total of 45 pre-operative autologous collections were undertaken during this duration. By conducting regular interactive programmes with the healthcare workers and the patients, the rate of autologous transfusion vis-a-vis total transfusion increased from 0.34% in 1998 to 13.83% till July, 2000. CONCLUSION It is recommended that there should be vigorous participation at all levels in a hospital, under the auspices of an active hospital transfusion committee, to make this procedure more popular and more acceptable in today's scenario. This will not only reduce the load of allogenic transfusion, but will also help to diminish the potential hazards associated with blood transfusion.
Collapse
|
41
|
What is safe blood? THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2002; 50:288. [PMID: 12038675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
|
42
|
A discrete random effects probit model with application to the demand for preventive care. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2001; 10:371-383. [PMID: 11466800 DOI: 10.1002/hec.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
I have developed a random effects probit model in which the distribution of the random intercept is approximated by a discrete density. Monte Carlo results show that only three to four points of support are required for the discrete density to closely mimic normal and chi-squared densities and provide unbiased estimates of the structural parameters and the variance of the random intercept. The empirical application shows that both observed family characteristics and unobserved family-level heterogeneity are important determinants of the demand for preventive care.
Collapse
|
43
|
HOMOLOGOUS BLOOD TRANSFUSION: DO WE HAVE ANY ALTERNATIVE? Med J Armed Forces India 2001; 57:268. [PMID: 27365614 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(01)80072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
44
|
HPA-1a-mediated platelet interaction with monocytes in vitro: involvement of Fcgamma receptor (FcgammaR) classes and inhibition by humanised monoclonal anti-FcgammaRI H22. Eur J Haematol 2000; 65:399-406. [PMID: 11168497 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0609.2000.065006399.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To gain insight into mechanisms of platelet destruction and its possible inhibition during fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FAIT/NAIT) the binding to monocytes (Mo) of anti-HPA-1a-sensitised platelets, the initial step in IgG-mediated destruction by effector cells, was evaluated in an in vitro assay. Neonatal Mo were compared with adult Mo as effectors in the assay. Moreover, the potential involvement of Fcgamma receptor (FcgammaR) classes during platelet destruction in the disease was tested by using FcgammaR class-specific reagents as inhibitors of the binding reaction. Neonatal Mo were 37% less active than adult Mo in their interaction with anti-HPA-1a-sensitised platelets (p < 0.05). The FcgammaRI-specific reagents human monomeric IgG and humanised anti-FcgammaRI monoclonal H22 caused virtually complete inhibition of platelet binding to Mo. When compared to an intravenous immunoglobulin preparation the inhibitory activity of H22 was 10-100 x greater than that of the latter compound. Monoclonal anti-FcgammaRII IV.3 and anti-FcgammaRIII 3G8 decreased platelet binding by 70% and 64%, respectively, but only the anti-FcgammaRII inhibition was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Finally, anti-HPA-1a-sensitised platelets bound to 131H- but not to 131R- FcgammaRIIa transfected 3T6 mouse fibroblasts (p < 0.01), in an anti-HPA-1a-concentration-dependent manner. The results suggest that FcgammaRI and FcgammaRIIa may be involved in anti-HPA-1a-mediated platelet destruction by mononuclear phagocytes during FAIT/NAIT. Moreover, the much greater potency ofmonoclonal H22 than of intravenous immunoglobulin as an inhibitor of anti-HPA-1a-mediated Mo-platelet interaction, might render it superior to the latter agent in the maternal therapy of the disorder.
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Estimates of health care demand are known to depend on the empirical specification used in the analysis. In this paper, an innovative specification, the finite mixture model (FMM), is employed to estimate the utilization of and expenditures on behavioural health care. Unlike standard specifications, the FMM has the ability to distinguish between distinct classes of users of behavioural health care (e.g. the 'worried well' and the severely mentally ill). This new model is tested against standard empirical specifications using data from the National Medical Expenditure Survey. Using common risk stratifiers, estimates of utilization and costs are generated with each specification. It is found that the FMM provides a much better fit of both expenditure and utilization data than standard specifications, particularly among high intensity users that standard models have been unable to represent adequately. Furthermore, the results provide preliminary evidence that there are (at least) two distinct groups of users of behavioural health care. The empirical advantages of the FMM translate into superior estimates of mean costs and utilization that have widespread application in rate-setting exercises.
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Factor VII deficiency is a rare hereditary coagulation disorder with an incidence estimated at 1 in 500,000 individuals. In this report, we describe the 13th case in pregnancy. The diagnosis of severe factor VII deficiency (factor VII level <5%) was established at 10 weeks' gestation after initial laboratory testing showed a markedly prolonged prothrombin time and a normal activated partial thromboplastin time. There was a history of two preterm deliveries, but there was no evidence of previous bleeding manifestations. Antenatal progress of the index pregnancy was unremarkable. Prophylactic treatment with fresh frozen plasma was started at the onset of labor and the patient had a vaginal delivery of a live girl at 36 weeks' gestation. There was no postpartum hemorrhage and mother and newborn were discharged in good condition. The patient's postpartum level of factor VII remained undetectable. Two aspects are outlined: the absence of any significant increase in factor VII clotting activity during this pregnancy and the need to give replacement therapy at labor in patients with severe factor VII deficiency to decrease the risk of postpartum hemorrhage.
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the rates and demographic determinants of work disability, hours worked per week, work-loss days, and wages in individuals with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A probit regression analysis was performed on a cross-sectional population-based survey of U.S. noninstitutionalized civilian population (National Medical Expenditures Survey--2, 1987). The sample was restricted to individuals aged > or = 25 years. A total of 1,502 individuals reported having diabetes, and 20,405 did not. Information on workforce participation and income were collected quarterly. Work disability was defined as a self-report of having been unable to work because of illness or disability for > or = 2 quarters in 1987. RESULTS Work disability was reported by 25.6% of individuals with diabetes, compared with 7.8% of those without diabetes. Work disability rates were higher for older people, females, and African-Americans, and lower for Hispanics and for individuals with greater non-wage income. Individuals with diabetes engaged in the workforce had more work-loss days than did nondiabetic individuals, but had similar hourly wages. Predicted mean earnings were significantly lower for individuals with diabetes at all ages, resulting in $4.7 million loss in earnings in 1987 due to work disability. CONCLUSIONS Work disability is significantly higher for individuals with diabetes than for those without diabetes at all ages, and results in a significant decrease in earnings. A disproportionate burden of work disability is borne by older individuals and women with diabetes. Better information on the determinants of work disability in individuals with diabetes is needed.
Collapse
|
48
|
Search for retroviral related DNA polymorphisms using RAPD PCR in schizophrenia. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1453:216-20. [PMID: 10036319 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4439(98)00103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is widely used to detect polymorphisms in many organisms. Individual (or strain) specific amplified bands are generated with single or pairs of primers in PCR reactions and can serve as genetic markers. We have used this method to generate a large number of reproducible bands with single primers, random and retroviral related, on 92 human DNA samples. Theoretically, RAPD PCR presents a logical approach for assessing variability among individuals. We used ten retroviral related primers (12, 20 and 22 bp) and eight random primers (10 bp) to assess individual differences in the context of testing the retroviral hypothesis for schizophrenia. Three pairs of discordant monozygotic twins, four pairs of discordant full sibs and 53 schizophrenic individuals with 25 of their unrelated matched controls were analyzed. Ten of these primers resulted in a total of approx. 850 amplified bands (65-110 bands per primer). Almost all of these bands were identical among each individual analyzed. However, the results are inconclusive with respect to the retroviral hypothesis for schizophrenia. The general lack of RAPD polymorphism in this study may argue for mechanisms other than rearrangements such as inversions, associated with the evolution of the human genome.
Collapse
|
49
|
Provider choice and use of mental health care: implications for gatekeeper models. Health Serv Res 1998; 33:1263-84. [PMID: 9865220 PMCID: PMC1070316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the ways in which the costs of nonresidential mental health care depend on (1) the type of provider who initiates the treatment episode and (2) the level of cost sharing imposed on the patient. STUDY SETTING The 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey, a national probability sample of the U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population. DATA COLLECTION Data were collected during four personal interviews conducted during 1987 and 1988. Key variables include the type of provider contacted at the beginning of treatment (psychiatrist, other physician, nonmedical mental health care specialist) and the cost (total actual payments from all sources) for the treatment episode. METHODS OF ANALYSIS An episodic model of demand for mental health care is estimated using a two-step procedure. Multinomial probit analysis is first used to determine the factors that influence the choice of initial provider type. Right-censored Tobit analysis is used to determine the factors that affect the costs of care, including the type of provider who initiates the care episode. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Results indicate that out-of-pocket price does significantly (p < .05) affect the patient's initial choice of provider type but that, after controlling for the endogeneity of provider choice, price is no longer significant in explaining overall treatment costs. After controlling for selection effects, care episodes initiated by nonspecialist physicians are found to be as expensive as those initiated by psychiatrists and significantly more expensive than episodes initiated by nonphysicians. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that nonmedical mental health care specialists may be more effective than physicians in controlling costs when used as case managers in the care of persons with mental illnesses.
Collapse
|
50
|
A single-primer PCR-based retroviral-related DNA polymorphism shared by two distinct human populations. Genome 1998; 41:662-8. [PMID: 9809437 DOI: 10.1139/g98-072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Almost 10% of the human genome consists of DNA sequences that share homology with retroviruses. These sequences, which represent a stable component of the human genome (although some may retain the ability to transpose), remain poorly understood. We used degenerate primers specific to the two conserved regions (boxes 4 and 5) of the retroviral pol gene, common to all retroviruses, and PCR-amplified related sequences from individuals representing two distinct populations: Caucasians and Dogrib Indians. The large number of sequences that are reproducibly amplified represent numerous sites of retroviral integration in the human genome. In both populations studied, one of the two primers yielded a polymorphic band, present in approximately 30% of the samples, that has probably been present in the human genome since before the divergence of the two populations approximately 10,000 years ago. It was established that this polymorphism was due to priming-site differences and not to deletions. Further, this priming site is duplicated at two genomic sites (representing 341- and 343-bp fragments) with at least two alleles each. Such novel polymorphisms should provide useful markers and permit assessment of evolutionary mechanisms associated with retroviral-related genomic evolution.
Collapse
|