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Litoriya NS, Chauhan NR, Kalasariya RL, Parmar KD, Chawla S, Parmar AV, Raj PV, Shah PG. Dissipation kinetics of co-formulation with two herbicides, clodinafop-propargyl and oxyfluorfen, in/on onion (Allium cepa) samples. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:50225-50233. [PMID: 36790701 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Supervised field trail on dissipation of co-formulation with herbicides clodinafop-propargyl and oxyfluorfen in spring onion showed similar pattern of dissipation during two different seasons. Residues of clodinafop-propargyl reached ≤ limit of quantitation (LOQ, 0.05 mg kg-1) on 3rd day after application at both standard and double dose during both the seasons. Oxyfluorfen residues followed first-order kinetics in both the doses during first season with half-life of 0.81 to 3.14 days. The residues of clodinafop-propargyl were detected in soil at both the doses during first season. However, residues were ≤ LOQ (0.05 mg kg-1) during second season. The residues of oxyfluorfen were detected only in double dose during first season in soil. In all other cases and in onion bulb, residues were ≤ LOQ (0.05 mg kg-1) at the time of harvest. As the residues were either ≤ LOQ (0.05 mg kg-1) on 3rd day or have a half-life of 3.14 days, the co-formulation can be used safely, provided a pre harvest interval (PHI) of 3 days is followed. On the basis of maximum residue limits (MRLs) in other commodities and from the data of present study, a default MRL of 0.05 mg kg-1 is proposed for both the pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh S Litoriya
- AINP On Pesticide Residues, ICAR Unit-9, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
- Main Forage Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Nirmal R Chauhan
- AINP On Pesticide Residues, ICAR Unit-9, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Ravi L Kalasariya
- AINP On Pesticide Residues, ICAR Unit-9, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Kaushik D Parmar
- AINP On Pesticide Residues, ICAR Unit-9, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Suchi Chawla
- AINP On Pesticide Residues, ICAR Unit-9, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India.
| | - Ambalal V Parmar
- AINP On Pesticide Residues, ICAR Unit-9, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Pratik V Raj
- AINP On Pesticide Residues, ICAR Unit-9, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Paresh G Shah
- AINP On Pesticide Residues, ICAR Unit-9, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
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Raj PV, Nitesh K, Chandrashekhar HR, Mallikarjuna Rao C, Venkata Rao J, Udupa N. Effect of Lecithin and silymarin on D-galactosamine induced toxicity in isolated hepatocytes and rats. Indian J Clin Biochem 2010; 25:169-74. [PMID: 23105905 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-010-0031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To investigate Lecithin for its hepatoprotective activity against D-galactosamine (D-GalN) induced toxicity in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes and animal models. Freshly isolated rat hepatocytes were exposed to Dgalactosamine (30 mM) along with/without lecithin (100 μg/ml) and the levels of selected liver enzymes were measured. Thirty six Wistar strain albino rats were used for the in vivo investigations. Lecithin 50 and 100 mg/kg.b.wt were administered for one week by oral route. Liver damage was induced by intra peritoneal administration of 400 mg/kg b.wt D-galactosamine. The antihepatotoxic effect of lecithin was observed in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes at concentration 100 μg/ml and was found to be similar to that of the standard silymarin used. Its in vivo hepatoprotective effect at 100 mg/kg b.wt was comparable with that of the standard silymarin at 100 mg/kg body weight. Lecithin was able to normalise the biochemical levels which were altered due to D-galactosamine intoxication in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes and also in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Raj
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
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