1
|
Alzate-Marin AL, Rivas PMS, Galaschi-Teixeira JS, Bonifácio-Anacleto F, Silva CC, Schuster I, Nazareno AG, Giuliatti S, da Rocha Filho LC, Garófalo CA, Martinez CA. Warming and elevated CO 2 induces changes in the reproductive dynamics of a tropical plant species. Sci Total Environ 2021; 768:144899. [PMID: 33736351 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tropical plant species are vulnerable to climate change and global warming. Since flowering is a critical factor for plant reproduction and seed-set, warming and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations (eCO2) are crucial climate change factors that can affect plant reproductive dynamics and flowering related events in the tropics. Using a combined free-air CO2 enrichment and a free-air temperature-controlled enhancement system, we investigate how warming (+2 °C above ambient, eT) and elevated [CO2] (~600 ppm, eCO2) affect the phenological pattern, plant-insect interactions, and outcrossing rates in the tropical legume forage species Stylosanthes capitata Vogel (Fabaceae). In comparison to the control, a significantly greater number of flowers (NF) per plot (+62%) were observed in eT. Furthermore, in warmed plots flowers began opening approximately 1 h earlier (~09:05), with a canopy temperature of ~23 °C, than the control (~09:59) and eCO2 (~09:55) treatments. Flower closure occurred about 3 h later in eT (~11:57) and control (~13:13), with a canopy temperature of ~27 °C. These changes in flower phenology increased the availability of floral resources and attractiveness for pollinators such as Apis mellifera L. and visitors such as Paratrigona lineata L., with significant interactions between eT treatments and insect visitation per hour/day, especially between 09:00-10:40. In comparison to the control, the additive effects of combined eCO2 + eT enhanced the NF by 137%, while the number of A. mellifera floral visits per plot/week increased by 83% during the period of greatest flower production. Although we found no significant effect of treatments on mating system parameters, the overall mean multilocus outcrossing rate (tm = 0.53 ± 0.03) did confirm that S. capitata has a mixed mating system. The effects of elevated [CO2] and warming on plant-pollinator relationships observed here may have important implications for seed production of tropical forage species in future climate scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lilia Alzate-Marin
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Graduate Program in Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Marlys Sá Rivas
- Department of Genetics, Graduate Program in Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Galaschi-Teixeira
- Department of Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science and Literature, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Bonifácio-Anacleto
- Department of Genetics, Graduate Program in Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Costa Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivan Schuster
- Longping High-Tech, SP-330, km 296, 14140-000 Cravinhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alison Gonçalves Nazareno
- The Biosciences Institute (IB), University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Tv. 14 - Butantã, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha/Caixa Postal 486, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Silvana Giuliatti
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Graduate Program in Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Léo Correia da Rocha Filho
- Department of Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science and Literature, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Garófalo
- Department of Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science and Literature, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Martinez
- Department of Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science and Literature, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vechiato FMV, Rivas PMS, Ruginsk SG, Borges BC, Elias LLK, Antunes-Rodrigues J. The type-1 cannabinoid receptor modulates the hydroelectrolytic balance independently of the energy homeostasis during salt load. Horm Behav 2016; 78:43-51. [PMID: 26497248 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hydroelectrolytic imbalances, such as saline load (SL), trigger behavioral and neuroendocrine responses, such as thirst, hypophagia, vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) release and hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activation. To investigate the participation of the type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) in these homeostatic mechanisms,male adult Wistar rats were subjected to SL (0.3MNaCl) for four days. SL induced not only increases in the water intake and plasma levels of AVP, OT and corticosterone, as previously described, but also increases in CB1R expression in the lamina terminalis, which integrates sensory afferents, aswell as in the hypothalamus, the main integrative and effector area controlling hydroelectrolytic homeostasis. A more detailed analysis revealed that CB1R-positive terminals are in close apposition with not only axons but also dendrites and secretory granules of magnocellular neurons, particularly vasopressinergic cells. In satiated and euhydrated animals, the intracerebroventricular administration of the CB1R selective agonist ACEA (0.1 μg/5 μL) promoted hyperphagia, but this treatment did not reverse the hyperosmolality-induced hypophagia in the SL group. Furthermore, ACEA pretreatment potentiated water intake in the SL animals during rehydration as well as enhanced the corticosterone release and prevented the increase in AVP and OT secretion induced by SL. The same parameters were not changed by ACEA in the animals whose daily food intake was matched to that of the SL group (Pair-Fed). These data indicate that CB1Rs modulate the hydroelectrolytic balance independently of the food intake during sustained hyperosmolality and hypovolemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F M V Vechiato
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - P M S Rivas
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - S G Ruginsk
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-000, Brazil
| | - B C Borges
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - L L K Elias
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - J Antunes-Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pinho JD, Rivas PMS, Mendes MBP, Soares REP, Costa GC, Nascimento FRF, Paiva MFL, Aquino DMC, Figueireido IA, Santos AM, Pereira SRF. Presence of Mycobacterium leprae DNA and PGL-1 antigen in household contacts of leprosy patients from a hyperendemic area in Brazil. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:14479-87. [PMID: 26600506 DOI: 10.4238/2015.november.18.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Leprosy is a highly infectious disease endemic to underdeveloped countries. In Maranhão State, Northeastern Brazil, the hyperendemic rate of 56.11 cases/100,000 inhabitants increased the necessity of better understanding the epidemiological profile of this population, particularly regarding efficient methods for evaluating individuals residing with diagnosed patients to understand disease transmission and the risk of infection. In this study, we examined the percentage of contacts with positive indices for Mycobacterium leprae DNA and phenol-glycolipid-1 antigen (PGL-1). PGL-1 was analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the ML-Flow test, and polymerase chain reaction of oral and nasal secretions of 808 leprosy contacts from Maranhão. PGL-1 was detected in 14.0% of patients and differed by operational classification of the index case (P < 0.05). Seropositive results of ML-Flow were 15.0% and identified individuals with and without Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine scars. Molecular diagnosis detected M. leprae DNA in 5.6% of oral samples and 4.6% of nasal tissues, and 87% of subjects resided with high bacillary load patients. This study reinforces the efficacy of combining molecular and serological techniques to identify potential bacillus carriers in the asymptomatic stage of infection, such as in household contacts, highlighting the importance of these meth-ods for monitoring hyperendemic populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J D Pinho
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brasil
| | - P M S Rivas
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brasil
| | - M B P Mendes
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brasil
| | - R E P Soares
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brasil
| | - G C Costa
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brasil
| | - F R F Nascimento
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brasil
| | - M F L Paiva
- Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brasil
| | - D M C Aquino
- Departamento de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brasil
| | - I A Figueireido
- Departamento de Medicina I, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brasil
| | - A M Santos
- Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brasil
| | - S R F Pereira
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|