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Unruh D, Mirkov S, Wray B, Drumm M, Lamano J, Li YD, Haider QF, Javier R, McCortney K, Saratsis A, Scholtens DM, Sarkaria JN, James CD, Horbinski C. Methylation-dependent Tissue Factor Suppression Contributes to the Reduced Malignancy of IDH1-mutant Gliomas. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:747-759. [PMID: 30266764 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gliomas with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutations (IDH1mut) are less aggressive than IDH1 wild-type (IDH1wt) gliomas and have global genomic hypermethylation. Yet it is unclear how specific hypermethylation events contribute to the IDH1mut phenotype. Previously, we showed that the gene encoding the procoagulant tissue factor (TF), F3, is among the most hypermethylated and downregulated genes in IDH1mut gliomas, correlating with greatly reduced thrombosis in patients with IDH1mut glioma. Because TF also increases the aggressiveness of many cancers, the current study explored the contribution of TF suppression to the reduced malignancy of IDH1mut gliomas.Experimental Design: TF expression was manipulated in patient-derived IDH1mut and IDH1wt glioma cells, followed by evaluation of in vitro and in vivo behavior and analyses of cell signaling pathways. RESULTS A demethylating agent, decitabine, increased F3 transcription and TF-dependent coagulative activity in IDH1mut cells, but not in IDH1wt cells. TF induction enhanced the proliferation, invasion, and colony formation of IDH1mut cells, and increased the intracranial engraftment of IDH1mut GBM164 from 0% to 100% (P = 0.0001). Conversely, TF knockdown doubled the median survival of mice engrafted with IDH1wt/EGFRvIIIamp GBM6, and caused complete regression of IDH1wt/EGFRamp GBM12 (P = 0.001). In vitro and in vivo effects were linked to activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) by TF through a Src-dependent intracellular pathway, even when extracellular RTK stimulation was blocked. TF stimulated invasion predominately through upregulation of β-catenin. CONCLUSIONS These data show that TF suppression is a component of IDH1mut glioma behavior, and that it may therefore be an attractive target against IDH1wt gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusten Unruh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Snezana Mirkov
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brian Wray
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael Drumm
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jonathan Lamano
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yuping D Li
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Qazi F Haider
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rodrigo Javier
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathleen McCortney
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amanda Saratsis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Denise M Scholtens
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - C David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. .,Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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