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McKenna Z, Houck J, Ducharme J, Li Z, Berkemeier Q, Fennel Z, Wells A, Mermier C, Deyhle M, Laitano O, Amorim F. The effect of prolonged interval and continuous exercise in the heat on circulatory markers of intestinal barrier integrity. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:2651-2659. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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McKenna Z, Fennel Z, Berkemeier Q, Nava R, Amorim F, Mermier C. Exercise Performed In Hypobaric Hypoxia Increases Markers Of Intestinal Injury And Symptoms Of Gastrointestinal Distress. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000880368.46357.f7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nava RC, McKenna Z, Fennel Z, Berkemeier Q, Ducharme J, de Castro Magalhães F, Amorim FT, Mermier C. Repeated sprint exercise in hypoxia stimulates HIF-1-dependent gene expression in skeletal muscle. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1097-1107. [PMID: 35190865 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04909-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our aim was to determine the effect of repeated sprint exercise in hypoxia on HIF-1 and HIF-1-regulated genes involved in glycolysis, mitochondrial turnover and oxygen transport. We also determined whether genes upregulated by exercise in hypoxia were dependent on the activation of HIF-1 in an in vitro model of exercise in hypoxia. METHODS Eight endurance athletes performed bouts of repeated sprint exercise in control and hypoxic conditions. Skeletal muscle was sampled pre, post and 3 h post-exercise. HIF-1α protein and HIF1A, PDK1, GLUT4, VEGFA, BNIP3, PINK1 and PGC1A mRNA were measured. C2C12 myotubes were exposed to hypoxia and muscle contraction following treatment with a HIF-1α inhibitor to determine whether hypoxia-sensitive gene expression was dependent on HIF-1α. RESULTS Sprint exercise in hypoxia increased HIF-1α protein expression immediately post-exercise [fold change (FC) = 3.5 ± 2.0]. Gene expression of PDK1 (FC = 2.1 ± 1.2), BNIP3 (FC = 2.4 ± 1.4) and VEGFA (FC = 2.7 ± 1.7) increased 3 h post-exercise in hypoxia but not control. PGC1A mRNA increased 3 h post-exercise in control (FC = 5.16) and hypoxia (FC = 5.7 ± 4.1) but there was no difference between the trials. Results from the in vitro experiment showed that hypoxia plus contraction also increased PDK1, BNIP3, and VEGFA gene expression. These responses were inhibited when HIF-1 protein activity was suppressed. CONCLUSION Repeated sprint exercise in hypoxia upregulates some genes involved in glycolytic metabolism, mitochondrial turnover, and oxygen transport. HIF-1α is necessary for the expression of these genes in skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Carlos Nava
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Zachary McKenna
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Zachary Fennel
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Quint Berkemeier
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jeremy Ducharme
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Flávio de Castro Magalhães
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Trigueiro Amorim
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Christine Mermier
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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McKenna Z, Berkemeier Q, Gorini F, Kuennen M, Naylor A, Kleint A, Gillum T. Effects of exercise in hot and humid conditions and bovine colostrum on salivary immune markers. J Therm Biol 2020; 93:102717. [PMID: 33077128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise in a hot and humid environment on salivary lactoferrin and lysozyme. A secondary aim was to quantify the effects of 14-day bovine colostrum (BC) supplementation on salivary lactoferrin and lysozyme at rest and following exercise in hot and humid conditions. Using a randomized, double-blind, and counterbalanced design, ten males (20 ± 2 years, VO2max 55.8 ± 3.7 mL kg-1 min-1, 11.8 ± 2.7% body fat) ran for 46 ± 7.7 min at 95% of ventilatory threshold in a 40 °C and 50% RH environment after 14-days of supplementation with either BC or placebo. Saliva was collected pre, post, 1-h, and 4-h post exercise, and was analyzed for lactoferrin and lysozyme using ELISA. There was an immediate increase in the concentration and secretion rate of lactoferrin and lysozyme (p < 0.05) with exercise, but BC had no effect (p > 0.05). Saliva flow rate was not different between conditions [(PLA: pre: 0.54 ± 0.3, post: 0.44 ± 0.3, 1-h: 0.67 ± 0.3, 4-h: 1.0 ± 0.4 mL min-1); (BC: pre: 0.58 ± 0.2, post: 0.37 ± 0.1, 1-h: 0.63 ± 0.2, 4-h: 0.83 ± 0.4 mL min-1)]. There were no differences in thermoregulatory markers (core temperature or physiological strain index) between BC and placebo trials. Interestingly, exercise-induced heat stress did not impair mucosal immune parameters, instead participants showed a transient increase in salivary lactoferrin and lysozyme. Further, 14-day BC supplementation had no effect on mucosal immunity at any time point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary McKenna
- University of New Mexico, Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Quint Berkemeier
- University of New Mexico, Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Felipe Gorini
- California Baptist University, Department of Kinesiology, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Kuennen
- High Point University, Department of Exercise Science, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Ashley Naylor
- California Baptist University, Department of Kinesiology, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Austin Kleint
- Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lebanon, OR, USA
| | - Trevor Gillum
- California Baptist University, Department of Kinesiology, Riverside, CA, USA
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Nava RC, Fennel Z, McKenna Z, Welch A, Berkemeier Q, Gibson A, Mermier C. Comparison Of Exercise-induced Regulation Of Skeletal Muscle Hif-1α Between Endurance Trained And Untrained Individuals. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000685460.45197.b6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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McKenna Z, Nava R, Fennel Z, Berkemeier Q, Welch A, Mermier C. Transcriptional Activation Of Hypoxia Sensitive Genes Following Repeated Sprint Exercise In Hypoxia. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000683656.70092.a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gillum T, McKenna Z, Berkemeier Q, Naylor A, Kleint A, Gorini F. Bovine Colostrum Has No Effect on Mucosal Immunity Before or After Exercise in a Hot and Humid Environment. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000535821.47681.cd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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McKenna Z, Berkemeier Q, Naylor A, Kleint A, Gorini F, Ng J, Kim JK, Sullivan S, Gillum T. Bovine colostrum supplementation does not affect plasma I-FABP concentrations following exercise in a hot and humid environment. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:2561-2567. [PMID: 29063949 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantify the impact of a 14-day bovine colostrum (BC) supplementation on intestinal cell damage following exercise in a hot and humid environment. METHODS Ten male participants (20 ± 2 years, VO2max 55.80 ± 3.79 mL kg-1 min-1, 11.81 ± 2.71% body fat) ran for 46 ± 7.75 min at 95% of ventiliatory threshold in 40 °C and 50% RH following a 14-day double-blinded supplementation with either BC or placebo (Plac). Core temperature, skin temperature, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion were recorded every 5 min during exercise. Blood was taken pre, post, 1 h, and 4 h post exercise. Intestinal cell damage was assessed via intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP). RESULTS I-FABP concentrations were similar between conditions at all time points [pre 989.39 ± 490.88 pg ml-1 (BC) 851.35 ± 450.71 pg ml-1 (Plac) post 1505.10 ± 788.63 pg ml-1 (BC) 1267.12 ± 521.51 pg ml-1 (Plac) 1-h, 1087.77 ± 397.06 pg ml-1 (BC) 997.25 ± 524.74 pg ml-1 (Plac) 4-h, 511.35 ± 243.10 pg ml-1 (BC) 501.46 ± 222.54 pg ml-1 (Plac)]. I-FABP was elevated pre to post exercise for both BC (162 ± 50%) and Plac (162 ± 56%) (p < 0.05). BC had no effect on mean body temperature [beginning 36.11 ± 0.30 °C, ending: 39.52 ± 0.28 °C (BC); beginning:35.96 ± 0.43 °C, ending:39.42 ± 0.38 °C (Plac)]. CONCLUSIONS While BC supplementation may protect against enterocyte damage during exercise in thermonuetral environments, our data suggest that BC supplementation may not be an effective technique for preventing enterocyte damage during exercise when core temperature exceeds 39 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary McKenna
- Department of Kinesiology, California Baptist University, 8432 Magnolia Ave, Riverside, CA, 92504, USA.
| | - Quint Berkemeier
- Department of Kinesiology, California Baptist University, 8432 Magnolia Ave, Riverside, CA, 92504, USA
| | - Ashley Naylor
- Department of Kinesiology, California Baptist University, 8432 Magnolia Ave, Riverside, CA, 92504, USA
| | - Austin Kleint
- Department of Kinesiology, California Baptist University, 8432 Magnolia Ave, Riverside, CA, 92504, USA
| | - Felipe Gorini
- Department of Kinesiology, California Baptist University, 8432 Magnolia Ave, Riverside, CA, 92504, USA
| | - Jason Ng
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - Jong-Kyung Kim
- Department of Kinesiology, California Baptist University, 8432 Magnolia Ave, Riverside, CA, 92504, USA
| | - Sean Sullivan
- Department of Kinesiology, California Baptist University, 8432 Magnolia Ave, Riverside, CA, 92504, USA
| | - Trevor Gillum
- Department of Kinesiology, California Baptist University, 8432 Magnolia Ave, Riverside, CA, 92504, USA
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